Biomedical subjects

M M Farag

Publications and source records attributed to M M Farag.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Stability of ochratoxin A (OTA) during processing and decaffeination in commercial roasted coffee beans.

The fate of ochratoxin A (OTA) during the processing of artificially contaminated green coffee beans, the effect of decaffeination on the production of OTA in green and roasted coffee beans, and the effect of caffeine on the growth and OTA production by Aspergillus ochraceus were studied. The data indicated that the roasting, milling and decoction (brewing and Turkish coffee making) processes caused different percentage reductions in OTA. Decaffeinated samples showed a significantly higher concentration of OTA production than the caffeinated ones. A significantly higher percentage of OTA was reduced when the decaffeination process was performed before roasting treatment. Caffeine at 1.0 and 2.0% concentrations completely prevented OTA production and completely inhibited A. ochraceus growth in YES medium after 3-21 days.

Aspergillus ochraceus↗

PubMed1996

Assessment of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats treated with low doses of ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium.

1. The effects of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen (20 mg day-1 kg-1) and diclofenac sodium (2.5 mg day-1 kg-1), on the severity of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity were evaluated in rats. 2. Administration of gentamicin (100 mg day-1 kg-1) for 5 days resulted in a significant increase in renal cortical total phospholipids accompanied by a significant decrease in cortical Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity. These changes were associated with a significant decrease in body weight and increases in kidney weight, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen. 3. In rats treated simultaneously with both gentamicin and either ibuprofen or diclofenac sodium for 5 days, all the measured parameters of renal dysfunction were similar in magnitude to those observed in rats treated with gentamicin alone. 4. In contrast, rats treated with either ibuprofen or diclofenac sodium for 27 days and injected concurrently with gentamicin during the last 5 days of the treatment period had significantly higher kidney weight, lower renal cortical Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and higher cortical phospholipid content, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen than did rats treated with gentamicin alone. A 27-day treatment with ibuprofen or diclofenac sodium alone resulted in no change in renal function. 5. These results demonstrate that gentamicin nephrotoxicity was potentiated after the long (27 days) but not after the short (5 days) period of treatment with ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium. Thus, prolonged administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be considered as a risk factor that may increase the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Experimental murine schistosomiasis: reduced hepatic morbidity after pre- and/or post-infection treatment with ibuprofen or diclofenac sodium.

Arachidonic-acid metabolites appear to participate in skin penetration by and transformation of schistosome cercariae and in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. With this in mind, mice were treated with one of two cyclooxygenase inhibitors before and/or after infection with Schistosoma mansoni. The effects of the treatment on liver morbidity and the parasitic infection were then evaluated, using infected, untreated and uninfected, treated mice as controls. Treatment with ibuprofen (20 mg/kg.day) or diclofenac sodium (2.5 mg/kg.day) for 7 days before infection led to significantly lower liver weights, worm loads and hepatic hydroxyproline contents than in the untreated mice. If treatment with either drug was continued after infection, for 28 days, there was an additional significant decrease in hepatic gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. All these parameters except liver weight were similarly affected when treatment with either drug was begun on the day of infection and continued for 28 days. There was no significant change in liver weight or worm load when treatment was delayed until day 28 post-infection but faecal egg counts were reduced in the treated groups. In additional experiments, using a smaller dose of diclofenac sodium (1.25 mg/kg.day), all the measured parameters of infection were significantly decreased when the treatment was initiated 7 days before infection and continued until day 28 post-infection. The results indicate that the treatment of S. mansoni-infected mice with ibuprofen or diclofenac sodium was effective in reducing the severity of infection and in attenuating hepatic fibrosis, particularly when the treatment was started early in relation to the time of infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Hepatic glutathione and lipid peroxidation in rats treated with theophylline. Effect of dose and combination with caffeine and acetaminophen.

As theophylline, caffeine and acetaminophen (APAP) are commonly found in combination in prescription and non-prescription drugs, the present study was designed to evaluate changes of hepatic glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation in rats treated concurrently with these widely used drugs. In rats treated with different doses of theophylline, a dose-related depletion of hepatic GSH was observed (r = -0.88, P < 0.001). After a dose of 100 mg/kg of caffeine given alone and in combination with 50 mg/kg of theophylline, hepatic GSH levels were decreased by 22.5% (P > 0.05) and 35.5% (P < 0.01) of the control value, respectively. Also, the challenge with 500 mg/kg of APAP significantly depleted hepatic GSH in rats pretreated with either saline or the combination of both theophylline and caffeine (50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively), P < 0.001. In the latter group, hepatic GSH levels were approximately 47% of the corresponding values in rats that received APAP (P < 0.02). Such severe depletion of hepatic GSH, in rats that received the three drugs, was associated with a significant rise in the extent of lipid peroxidation (P < 0.05). The other experimental groups treated with one or two drugs did not exhibit similar changes. These results suggest that the concomitant administration of theophylline, caffeine and APAP may enhance the susceptibility of the liver cells to the toxic effect of APAP by severely depleting hepatic GSH with subsequent induction of lipid peroxidation.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1993

Elevation of serum triacylglycerol concentration in association with hepatic microsomal enzyme induction after treatment with phenylbutazone and diclofenac sodium in rats.

1. The relationship between serum triacylglycerol concentration and hepatic microsomal enzyme activity was examined in rats. 2. Two groups of rats were injected with diclofenac sodium at doses of 2.5 and 5 mg day-1 kg-1. A third group was injected with phenylbutazone at a dose of 20 mg day-1 kg-1. The treatment was continued for 15 days and the rats were killed 24 h after the last dose. 3. In all drug-treated rats, the serum triacylglycerol concentration and the hepatic microsomal activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase were significantly increased as compared with the corresponding values in control rats. The correlations between the serum triacylglycerol concentrations and the activities of the two enzymes, as indices of the hepatic microsomal activity, were highly significant. 4. These results indicate that the possibility of hypertriglyceridaemia as an adverse effect of the induction of the hepatic microsomal enzymes after the administration of phenylbutazone and diclofenac sodium should be considered.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗

PubMed1992

Verapamil increases the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin in rats.

The effect of verapamil on the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin was examined in rats. Rats were injected with one of the two or both drugs for 6 days and sacrificed 48 h after the last injection. In verapamil-treated rats (5 mg/kg/day), no histological or biochemical evidence of renal injury was detected. In all gentamicin-treated rats (100 mg/kg/day), a significant increase in kidney weight was observed (p less than 0.001). The renal histopathologic lesions were more extensive in rats treated simultaneously with both gentamicin and verapamil. These rats exhibited a decline in body weight earlier (from day 4) than rats injected with gentamicin alone (from day 6). Serum urea nitrogen and creatinine in the latter group of rats were 24.9 +/- 3.7 and 1.1 +/- 0.1 versus 47.4 +/- 8.6 and 1.6 +/- 0.2 mg/dl, respectively, in rats treated with the combined therapy (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that verapamil increases the severity of gentamicin nephrotoxicity. This interaction should be considered as a factor that can potentially increase the nephrotoxic risk associated with gentamicin administration.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Vibration pattern of different endosonic instruments.

The history of using ultrasound in dentistry goes back to 1952. The first report on the use of ultrasound as an adjunct to mechanical debridement was given by Richman in 1957. It's popularity started with the work of Martin then many clinical evaluations were reported mainly discussing the efficiency of ultrasonics in root canal preparation.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗

PubMed1990

Evaluation of a synthetic peptide-based assay and a rapid dot-blot recombinant test for detection of antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Our objective was to evaluate two new serologic assays for detecting HIV-1 and HIV-2 positive and negative sera. A total of 154 human sera from African countries were tested using a synthetic peptide-based passive hemagglutination assay (PHA) and a rapid dot-blot recombinant test (Test-Pack), both of which are marketed as HIV-1/HIV-2 combination assays. Results indicated that the PHA identified all HIV-1 and HIV-2 positive sera, although some were only weakly reactive. It produced one false positive reaction. The Test-Pack correctly detected all positive and negative sera, although several negative sera produced extremely weak reactions. Both tests detected two HIV-2 positive sera which were non-reactive by HIV-1 screening assays.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1988

Rare mid-line congenital anomalies of the face.

Three rare cases of congenital anomalies (mid-line nasal proboscis, subintegumental mid-line cleft lip and congenital palatoglossal synechia) are presented with their management. The embryological considerations of these cases are discussed.

Cleft Lip↗

PubMed1987

Acute hepatic damage in rats impairs metharbital metabolism.

Metharbital metabolism was impaired in rats after acute hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride. Compared to control rats, hepatic damage prolonged the metharbital sleeping time and reduced the slopes of log metharbital plasma concentration-time curves. Renal contributions to metharbital elimination from plasma were negligible since only about 6% of the metharbital administered was eliminated unchanged in urine. In rats with hepatic damage, metharbital clearance from plasma and elimination of its demethylated metabolite, barbital, in urine decreased with increasing severity of damage. These results indicate that the kinetics of both metharbital and its metabolite reflect sensitively hepatic drug-metabolizing capacity. Measuring urinary elimination of barbital, following metharbital administration, may serve as a convenient laboratory test to evaluate the hepatic drug-metabolizing capacity.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1987

Hormonal receptors in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

Specific thermostable androgen receptors were detected in the tissues of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. The receptors seemed to be specific with high affinity toward DHT more than testosterone. No abnormalities in serum levels of DHT, testosterone, and estradiol-17 beta could be detected in the patients studied. A concept of pathogenesis of the tumor in relation to that reported in literature recently is interpreted in the text.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Aminopyrine breath test and zonal hepatic damage in rats.

Acute hepatic damage in centrilobular or periportal areas was induced in two groups of rats by intraperitoneal injections of bromobenzene or allyl alcohol, respectively. The effect of this zonal damage on the demethylation of 14C-aminopyrine was evaluated by measuring the elimination of 14CO2 in breath following intravenous administration of a tracer dose of the labeled compound. In rats with centrilobular hepatic damage 14CO2 elimination in breath was significantly decreased compared to controls. In rats with periportal hepatic damage, elimination of 14CO2 in breath was unchanged. These results suggest functional heterogeneity of hepatocytes in vivo with respect to drug-metabolizing capacity.

Aminopyrine↗