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Biomedical subjects

M M Faridi

Publications and source records attributed to M M Faridi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Clinical profile and risk factors for oral candidosis in sick newborns.

OBJECTIVES: To provide the clinical profile and assess the significance of various risk factors contributing to the occurrence of oral candidosis in newborns. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). SUBJECTS: Twenty newborns with oral candidosis and an equal number of age and weight matched controls. INTERVENTIONS: All cases of oral candidosis were treated with local application of 1% Clotrimazole. RESULTS: Oral candidosis was documented in 3.2% (20/650) cases in the NICU. Acute pseudomembranous candidosis was the most common presentation. The mean age of onset was 10.5 days. Candida albicans was isolated in 50% cases in addition to C. tropicalis, C. paratropicalis, C. krusei, C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis. On univariate analysis, male sex, birth asphyxia and prolonged antibiotic therapy had a significant correlation with occurence of oral candidosis in neonates. Out of these, birth asphyxia was the only factor significantly associated with oral candidosis (OR 8.09, 95% CI 1.34-48.8, p = 0.0226) on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: C. albicans was the predominant isolate in this series of oral candidosis. Clinical manifestations were evident in the second week of life and birth asphyxia was the most important associated perinatal event.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1995

Role of body surface cultures in prediction of sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit.

An analysis of surface cultures of 35 preterm infants of less than 33 weeks gestational age hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit was made. The babies had received neither antiseptic nor antibiotic therapy prior to collection of specimens. Surface cultures were collected on the 4th or 5th day of life from 16 skin or mucosal sites. At the onset of a febrile episode within 14 days of collection of surface swabs, a blood culture was done on 31 infants (four did not develop fever) and the results were compared with the surface cultures. Sepsis was diagnosed by positive blood culture in twenty neonates (57.1%). With this frequency of sepsis, the optimum sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of surface cultures were 60%, 27% and 60%, respectively. These values did not improve substantially for any anatomic site cultured or for any pathogen recovered. We conclude that surface cultures are of limited value in predicting the aetiology of sepsis in neonates.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1995

Nosocomial outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infection in a nursery intensive care unit (NICU) and paediatric ward.

A nosocomial outbreak of multidrug resistant Salmonella typhimurium in a Nursery Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Paediatric ward is reported. Eight (16.6%) out of a total of 48 babies taken ill during this outbreak expired. Clinical manifestations included diarrhoea and fever. The organism was isolated from stool samples/rectal swabs of all the 48 cases and blood of 6 cases. An investigation was undertaken to trace the source of infection. The organism was isolated in pure cultures from three suction machines of NICU. The epidemic was immediately controlled with identification of the source but the question of how the suction machines were infected by this organism remained unsolved.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

Lung functions in malnourished children aged five to eleven years.

Lung functions including FVC, FEV1, PEFR, %FEV1/FVC and Empey Index were measured using P.K. Morgan's pocket spirometer on 122 children of both sexes in the age group of five to eleven years. There were 80 (65.57%) malnourished children according to the Indian Academy of Pediatrics classification. FVC and FEV1 were significantly (p < 0.02) reduced in malnourished children. FVC (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), FEV1 (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and PEFR (r = 0.53, p < 0.001) showed linear relationship with body surface area in all age groups. Empey index was less than 10 in both healthy and malnourished children. Abnormal respiratory functions should be interpreted with caution in malnourished children.

Body Surface Area↗
PubMed1994

Epidemic dropsy in Trans Yamuma areas of Delhi and U.P.

Thirty patients of epidemic dropsy from seven families scattered in different areas of East Delhi and UP were studied. The age group of the affected individuals varied from 2 years to 55 years. Argemone oil contamination was found in mustard oil used for cooking. Sanguinarine was detected in all suspected oil samples. Pitting edema of legs was the most consistent feature present in all cases. Other prominent features like local erythema and tenderness were present in 80% and 70% cases, respectively. In contrast to earlier epidemics, two striking features were presence of persistent tachycardia without any pyrexia in all the cases and absence of any ocular problems. There was one death due to congestive heart failure and partial recovery in all others in a 2 months follow up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in the management of bilirubinemia in term neonates.

One hundred full term babies of both sexes were randomly selected for transcutaneous bilirubin index (TcBI) estimation at the forehead at 12-24 h intervals from the time of appearance of clinical jaundice till the serum bilirubin levels fell within safe limits. TcBI was correlated with serum bilirubin estimated by conventional diazo method. Forty babies required phototherapy, in 20 an area of 2.5 cm2 over the forehead was covered during phototherapy to make an unexposed 'window' for TcBI estimation. The other 20 newborns received phototherapy as such and TcBI was estimated on the forehead. There was a linear relationship between serum bilirubin level and TcBI estimated at the forehead (r = 0.9090; P < 0.001). Further a significant linear correlation between prephototherapy and post-phototherapy (covered and uncovered groups) TcBI and serum bilirubin levels also existed (r = 0.7979; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between post-phototherapy TcBI estimated at the covered and uncovered areas of forehead. However, post-phototherapy values of TcBI were significantly lower than corresponding prephototherapy values at higher serum bilirubin levels (> 16 mg/dl).

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1993

Omphalitis neonatorum.

Clinicobacteriological profile of omphalitis neonatorum was analysed in this prospective study which comprised 4776 neonates (4410 hospital-born, 366 deliveries at home). The incidence of omphalitis in the hospital-born babies was 2.3%. About 21.3% babies delivered at home were admitted for neonatal sepsis, meningitis, birth asphyxia, etc. They were found to be concomitantly suffering from omphalitis. Improper severing of the umbilical cord, application of oily substances on the umbilical stump and unhygienic rearing practices during neonatal period were some of the important predisposing factors. The fall of the umbilical stump and the diagnosis of omphalitis neonatorum was made significantly earlier (p < 0.001) in the hospital-born babies and none of them developed sepsis. The institution of therapy for umbilical sepsis was considerably delayed in the babies delivered at home and the omphalitis was the probable cause of sepsis in 46.6% cases. The Gram-negative organisms were responsible for omphalitis in 57.1% cases. Klebsiella was the commonest Gram-negative organism. Its incidence was more among the babies delivered at home signifying a potentially infective environment in the community. Gram's stain was a reliable and easy method for grossly identifying the organism in the umbilical smear.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Chest radiographs in neonatal septicemia.

Chest radiographs of 63 culture proven cases of neonatal septicemia were evaluated in this prospective study. Gram negative septicemia was responsible for 76.2% cases. Radiological abnormalities were observed in 27 cases (42.8%). Seven of these had no respiratory distress. The findings were right sided infiltrates (27%); hyperinflation (7.9%), bronchopneumonia (6.3%) and pneumothorax (1.6%). Increasing gestational age, late onset of illness (greater than 3 days) and presence of respiratory signs of distress had a positive correlation with presence of X-ray findings. Term newborns with respiratory distress of late onset sepsis (greater than 3 days) had significantly higher number (p less than 0.05) of abnormal radiographs. Presence of radiological abnormality neither influenced the clinical outcome nor was affected by the causative organisms. The practice of doing a chest radiograph routinely in cases of neonatal septicemia is justified irrespective of presence of respiratory signs of distress.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1989

Renal function in acute malaria in children.

Tests for renal function were performed in 75 smear positive children with acute malaria together with 10 control children. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 52 and 46 per cent cases, respectively. Renal impairment in the form of decreased endogenous creatine clearance (less than 65 ml/min/m2) was noted in 36 of the 75 children with malaria. Plasmodium falciparum was responsible for 66 per cent and P. vivax accounted for 30 per cent cases of renal impairment. Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia produced significantly greater reduction in endogenous creatine clearance (r = 0.198). Fourteen of 36 patients with decreased endogenous creatine clearance who attended for follow-up showed that their creatinine clearance had returned back to normal.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Spontaneous pneumothorax in children--a review of 95 cases.

We reviewed the records of 95 consecutive patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. The children, 75 boys and 20 girls, ranged in age from newborn to 12 years. The average duration of symptoms, cough, chest pain and breathlessness, was 5 days. Pyogenic lung infection (74.8%) and pulmonary tuberculosis (21%) were the commonest underlying causes of pneumothorax. All children underwent tube thoracostomy drainage along with supportive treatment. Five died owing to sever infection present at the time of admission. Except for the five (5.21%) who died, all children (94.79%) had full relief of pneumothorax. We conclude that pyogenic pulmonary infection and pulmonary tuberculosis are still the commonest causes of pneumothorax in the tropics. Tube thoracostomy drainage is very successful and thoracotomy in selected patients is safe.

Age Factors↗