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Biomedical subjects

M M Goel

Publications and source records attributed to M M Goel.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

MIB-1 and PCNA immunostaining as a diagnostic adjunct to cervical Pap smear.

The present study was done to determine the role of MIB-1 (Molecular Immunology Borstel) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) proliferative index as a diagnostic adjunct to cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smear for the identification of ascending grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) developing into cancer in the human uterine cervix. A total of 49 adequate Pap smears with consensus diagnosis were destained for immunocytochemical staining (MIB-1 and PC10). Staining was done by streptavidin-biotin method after antigen retrieval. MIB-1 and PC10 labeling index (LI) were calculated in each case and divided into three groups, i.e., <10%, 10-20%, and >20%, respectively. Statistical analysis was done by using the SPSS 10.0 package. The comparisons were made using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample t-test. Bivariate and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to obtain correlations between different groups. Out of 49 cases, 40 cases (81.6%) showed positive immunostaining with MIB-1 and PCNA. Proliferative LI of MIB-1 and PCNA increased with the ascending grades of CIN lesions to carcinoma. The highest proliferative index (mean +/- SD) for PCNA and MIB-1 were observed for the carcinoma group (PCNA LI, 39.200 +/- 1.6865; MIB-1LI, 35.300 +/- 1.8886). A significant positive correlation between ascending grades of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and labeling indices of markers (r = 0.87 for MIB-1 and r = 0.88 for PCNA) suggests that MIB-1/PCNA proliferative markers can be used as an adjunct to cytomorphological interpretation of conventional cervical Pap smear.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Development of a new antigen detection dot-ELISA for diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis in fine needle aspirates.

A sandwich dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was standardized to detect mycobacterial antigen in fine needle aspirates of patients with tubercular lymphadenitis (TBLN). The assay was performed on nitrocellulose paper by using antibodies raised in mice and rabbits against crude soluble protein (CSP) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The test was able to detect as low as 5 ng protein/ml. A total of 225 suspected cases of tubercular lymphadenopathy were screened, out of which 96 were cytomorphologically confirmed as cases of tubercular lymphadenitis (50 acid-fast bacilli (AFB)-positive and 46 AFB-negative). These were considered as positive controls. Only 28 cases were proven to be of nontubercular etiology and were considered as negative controls. In the remaining 101 (39 scanty) aspirates, tubercular etiology could neither be ruled out nor confirmed. Out of 50 AFB-positive confirmed cases of tubercular lymphadenitis, 46 were ELISA-positive. Out of 46 AFB-negative but cytomorphologically confirmed aspirates, antigen could be demonstrated in only 42 aspirates. Four samples from patients with nontubercular etiology were also found to be ELISA-positive. Antigen was picked up in a total of 90.3% of aspirates with suspicion of tuberculosis and 79.5% of scanty aspirates. The assay was found to be 91.6% sensitive and 85.7% specific. The assay was found to be simple and rapid, and hence, could be performed in areas where health facilities are rudimentary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Overexpression of p53 protein in gallbladder carcinoma in North India.

AIMS: p53 mutations are one of the most frequent genetic alterations in human cancers and are thought to play a role in pathogenesis of several malignancies. Overexpression of p53 in gallbladder cancer has not previously been reported from North India which has one of the highest incidence of this malignancy in the world. The present work is aimed at studying the overexpression of p53 in gallbladder carcinoma occurring in North India. METHODS: p53 overexpression by immunohistochemistry was studied in 20 operative specimens of gallbladder carcinoma. The clinico-pathological observations of these patients were correlated with the extent of p53 overexpression. RESULTS: Seventy per cent (14/20) of specimens of gallbladder carcinoma overexpressed p53 protein. There was a significant correlation between presence of gallstones, T stage, grade of tumour and liver invasion with p53 overexpression. There was no significant correlation with other factors studied viz. age, sex, nodal status and histological type. CONCLUSIONS: The results show a strong association between gallstones and p53 protein overexpression in gallbladder carcinoma. The causal relationship in this association, however, still remains unproven.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Immunohistochemical localization and correlation of p53 and PCNA expression in breast carcinoma.

The object of the present study is to detect the p53 tumour suppressor gene and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry and correlate them with the prognostic parameters. Total 35 cases of primary breast carcinoma were studied and classified histologically. Paraffin sections were stained by using monoclonal antibody D07 for p53 protein and PC-10 for PCNA. Out of 35 cases, 16 (45.7%) were p53 positive and 25 (71.4%) were PCNA positive. The mean PCNA labelling index (PCNA LI +/- SD) was 58.97 +/- 22.72 in tumors positive for both p53+ and PCNA+ while cases negative for p53- and positive for PCNA+ has higher PCNA LI +/- SD (59.24 +/- 18.97). The difference in the two groups was not significant. Most cases were positive for both p53+ and PCNA+ in the age group < 30 with higher mean PCNA LI +/- SD (62.20 +/- 27.13) than in the group > 30 (57.88 +/- 18.47). In the pre-menopausal group 57.1% cases were positive for p53+ with higher PCNA LI +/- SD (59.94 +/- 24.22). Maximum p53 and PCNA positivity was observed in grade III tumors (63.2% and 84.2%). The mean PCNA LI +/- SD was also highest in grade III carcinomas (66.83 +/- 13.97). No significant correlation was found between p53 and PCNA status with morphological type and tumour size except that logistic regression showed a positive correlation with tumour grade. Therefore the present study suggests that both p53 expression and PCNA are markers of poor differentiation in breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Observer variation in AgNOR counts in neoplastic breast lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine interobserver and intraobserver variability of AgNOR quantitation in neoplastic lesions of the breast. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-five cases, 20 benign and 25 malignant lesions, were included in the study. Counts were performed on one slide from each case within a pre-marked area of about 1 cm2 in a standardized manner by two observers blind to the histopathologic diagnosis and independent of each other and repeated after two weeks. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement was assessed using the Bland-Altman method. RESULTS: Our results showed small mean interobserver and intraobserver differences but wide limits of agreement. CONCLUSION: Observer variation in AgNOR counts is too high for the method to be of any diagnostic or prognostic relevance.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, an uncommon lesion of bone and extraskeletal tissue, is rare in the orbit. A case of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit in a 28-year-old woman presenting with proptosis and diminution of vision in the left eye is reported. Histologically, the tumor showed areas of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells with islands of cartilage. Immunohistochemical analysis for S-100 protein showed focal positivity in chondroid areas. The eye was preserved and the patient has good vision after 2 years of follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Adverse foetal outcome in specific IgM positive Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy.

A study was undertaken to determine the adverse foetal outcome in antichlamydial IgM positive asymptomatic pregnant females. An indirect immunoperoxidase assay was done to detect IgM in 78 apparently normal asymptomatic pregnant women during the third trimester and follow up was done till delivery to study the effect of chlamydial infection on foetal outcome. A total of 28 (35.9%) women were positive for antichlamydial IgM while only 3.33 per cent asymptomatic non-pregnant normal women (controls) were positive. 28.7 per cent IgM positive mothers delivered low birth weight (LBW) babies (P less than 0.05), 9.7 per cent had premature labour (PTL) and 4.7 per cent had intrauterine death (IUD). The findings are significant as none of the IgM negative mothers had PTL and IUD and only 2.6 per cent had LBW babies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Resistant coagulase negative staphylococci from clinical samples.

Antibiotic susceptibility testing against 17 antibiotics was done on 96 strains of various species of coagulase negative staphylococci by Stokes method. Hundred per cent sensitivity was found against vancomycin and cefotaxime and about 90 per cent against ciprofloxacin, clavulanate potentiated amoxycillin, cloxacillin and clindamycin. Strains showed highest resistance against cotrimoxazole (77.08%) and tetracycline (64.59%). Clavulanate potentiated amoxycillin was found to be highly active against penicillin, ampicillin and amoxycillin resistant organisms. The results highlight the importance of antibiotic resistance typing among coagulase negative staphylococci species which are increasingly being reported from serious clinical infections making empiric therapy and selection of antibiotics difficult in these infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polymerase chain reaction vs. conventional diagnosis in fine needle aspirates of tuberculous lymph nodes.

OBJECTIVE: To compare four conventional methods of diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenophathy (TL)--namely fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), Zeihl-Neelsen staining of smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and lymph node biopsies--with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in order to assess the practicability and advantage of its use in routine diagnosis in a developing country. STUDY DESIGN: Fine needle aspirates from 142 consecutive patients presenting with lymphadenopathy (mainly cervical) without any known systemic involvement underwent cytomorphologic diagnosis, AFB smears, culture for MTB, confirmatory biopsy and PCR for MTB. The aspirates from cases other than TL served as controls for PCR. RESULTS: Correct diagnosis of tuberculosis could be made in 94.87% of cases by a combination of the four methods. PCR was done in 52 cases, 39 confirmed TL and 13 controls. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of PCR were 94.44%, 38.23%, 44.73% and 92.85%, respectively, when culture alone was considered the gold standard. However, specificity (38.23-92.30%) and PPV (44.73-97.36%) of PCR increased remarkably when response to treatment was taken as the final arbiter. CONCLUSION: The four conventional tests were found to be the methods of choice for the diagnosis of TL in developing countries. PCR should be reserved for problem cases.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictive value of fine needle aspiration cytology of bone lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of bone lesions. STUDY DESIGN: The study consisted of data retrieval on 200 cases of bone lesions and their cytohistopathologic correlation to assess the diagnostic efficacy of FNAC in these cases, considering histopathology as the gold standard. The diagnostic indices were calculated by a decision matrix comparison. RESULTS: On cytohistopathologic correlation of 200 cases, 106 (53.0%) were malignant bone tumors (MBT): 97 primary and 9 metastatic; and 76 were benign bone lesions (BBL), 58 neoplastic (29%) and 18 nonneoplastic (9%). The aspirated material was adequate in 181 cases, whereas in 18 cases cytohistopathologic examination revealed no bony lesion. Thus, there were 163 evaluable cases, of which the specific morphologic diagnoses on FNAC were possible in 141 cases (86.5%), with a solitary false positive and 8 false negatives. The percentage of inadequate aspirates was more with BBL (13.2%) than MBT (8.5%). The overall diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of bone lesions were 95.0%, whereas specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 94.7%, 99.4% and 69.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of FNAC was better (95.8%) with MBT as compared to BBL (91.7%), whereas specificity and PPV were almost equal (98.8% and 99.2%) in both cases. The NPV in cases of BBL was higher (97.8%) than in MBT (95.2%). These diagnostic indices were calculated excluding the inadequate cases. CONCLUSION: High PPV and NPV indicate the reliability of FNAC for the diagnosis of bone lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlative study of histopathology and bacteriology in patients of tubercular lymphadenitis.

Histopathology as well as bacteriology of lymph node specimen are useful diagnostic tools for tuberculous lymphadenitis. In the present study, a total of 71 cases of lymphadenitis were selected for histopathological and bacteriological studies. Only 46 patients had caseating type and 4 had non-caseating type of tuberculous lymphadenitis while 21 patients revealed non-specific chronic lymphadenitis on histopathological examination. Only 6 lymph node smears were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB), 19 cases were positive for mycobacterial culture growth. Thus, it is not necessary that the cases which are histopathologically positive will be positive for culture as well. Therefore, both bacteriology and histopathology are complimentary diagnostic tools for tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Adult↗