Biomedical subjects

M M Husain

Publications and source records attributed to M M Husain.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Pituitary size in depression.

Magnetic resonance images centered at the pituitary stalk were used to measure pituitary gland size in 19 patients with major depression compared with that in age- and sex-matched controls. Depressed patients had significantly greater pituitary cross-sectional area (P = 0.0009) and volume (P = 0.007) than the controls. This difference was particularly prominent in elderly depressed patients compared to elderly controls. These results provide the first demonstration of structural alterations in the pituitary gland in major depression.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

MRI quantification.

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Alzheimer Disease↗

PubMed1990

Cerebral white matter disease in late-onset paranoid psychosis.

We examined magnetic resonance (MR) scans of the heads of 8 patients with late onset psychosis and 8 aged controls. Although some patients had mild cognitive impairment, none had depression or a history or examination suggesting focal brain disease. Thus, all patients met DSM-III-R criteria for late-onset schizophrenia. All 8 patients showed significant leukoencephalopathy or vascular pathology on MR imaging, and temporoparietal and occipital lesions were especially prominent. Little such pathology was evident on control scans. We suggest that focal brain disease of vascular origin may be associated with late-onset psychosis, and that MR scanning of such cases may provide important clues to pathogenesis.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

A brain magnetic resonance imaging study of pituitary gland morphology in anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was used to examine the morphology and dimensions of the pituitary gland in 18 patients with eating disorders (8 anorectics and 10 bulimics), in comparison with 13 healthy volunteers. None of the 18 patients with anorexia or bulimia had any radiological evidence suggestive of pituitary macroadenoma, cyst, or empty sella. Measurements revealed that the anorectics and bulimics had smaller pituitary gland cross-sectional areas (p less than 0.05) and smaller pituitary gland heights, compared with healthy controls. These preliminary findings in anorectics and bulimics are suggestive of pituitary atrophy secondary to nutritional or endocrine alterations, rather than a primary pituitary pathology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

In vivo stereological assessment of caudate volume in man: effect of normal aging.

Using intermediate weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a systematic sampling stereological method in 39 normal volunteers aged 24-79 years old, we demonstrated a marked age-associated decline in caudate nuclei volume (r = -0.69, p less than 0.0001). The mean absolute volume of the caudate nuclei in this study (9.4 cm3) was almost identical to that reported in a previous autopsy study and further confirms the validity of this stereological technique for use with MR images. This technique will provide a method for measuring the caudate and other nuclei in vivo, from brain images and, as such, a research tool to correlate age-associated changes in cognitive, sensory and motor function with caudate nucleus volume and other brain regions.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Neuropeptides and Alzheimer's disease.

Because of their putative roles as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neuroregulators in the central nervous system, neuropeptides have been the focus of considerable research over the past two decades. There is evidence that alterations in the synaptic availability of particular neuropeptides occur in certain neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and affective disorders. Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting a sizable proportion of our aging population. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the central nervous system. Postmortem studies have provided evidence that several neuropeptide-containing neurons are pathologically altered in this disorder. The purpose of this article is to describe recent advances in neuropeptide biology with a focus on the role of neuropeptides in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer Disease↗

PubMed1990

In vivo assessment of pituitary gland volume with magnetic resonance imaging: the effect of age.

We used sagittal and coronal T1 weighted magnetic resonance images, at 1.5 Tesla, to measure the height, width, length, and cross-sectional area and to generate two estimates of pituitary gland volume in 35 normal volunteers aged 26-79 yr (19 females and 16 males). Subjects over 50 yr of age had significantly smaller pituitary gland height (P = 0.03), area (P = 0.04), and volume (P = 0.04) than those under 50 yr (by two-tailed t test). Overall, age was negatively correlated with pituitary volume (V1: r = -0.51; P = 0.003; V2: r = -0.47; P = 0.008), area (r = -0.43; P = 0.009), and height (r = -0.46; P = 0.005), but not with pituitary length or width. There were no statistically significant differences in pituitary size between men and women (by two-tailed t test). These findings suggest that pituitary gland height provides a good single measure for the assessment of pituitary gland size and that age must be controlled for in studies of pituitary gland size.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Ultrastructure of metastatic rete testis adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis is a rare tumor. We describe the ultrastructural appearance of a retroperitoneal adenocarcinoma metastatic from the rete testis, and compare this appearance with that of normal human rete testis. Both normal rete epithelium and the tumor showed deep, narrow nuclear invaginations with apparent nuclear lobulation; small, pleomorphic, electron-dense, membrane-bound granules in the basal cytoplasm; lipid droplets in the apical cytoplasm; and distinctive bulbous cytoplasmic projections along the apical surfaces of the cells. In addition, more general features of glandular tissue were seen. Features notable for their absence were mucin granules, microvilli containing filamentous cores, glycocalyx, and glycocalyceal bodies. The ultrastructural appearance was sufficiently distinctive to suggest that, in the proper clinical context, electron microscopy may serve to support a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the rete testis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1987

X-linked myotubular myopathy: intrafamilial variability and normal muscle biopsy in a heterozygous female.

The myotubular myopathies are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders in which x-linked, autosomal recessive, and autosomal dominant inheritance have been reported. Female carriers of x-linked myotubular myopathy have been reported to have abnormal muscle biopsies. We report a woman who had a normal muscle biopsy but who had 2 sons with myotubular myopathy by different fathers, indicating that a normal muscle biopsy of the mother cannot exclude x-linked inheritance. The quantity of fetal activity correlated with the severity of the disorder in this pedigree.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Uptake of indium-111-labeled leukocytes by brain metastasis.

Uptake of indium-labeled leukocytes was seen in two cases of histologically proven brain metastasis. In one, this led to misdiagnosis of the lesion as an abscess. On histological evaluation, a large number of white blood cells or macrophages was seen at the neoplastic sites. Reasons for leukocyte accumulation around metastatic brain neoplasms are discussed. In contrast to the current reports that indium-labeled leukocyte scans can differentiate intracranial infection from tumor, these cases demonstrate their lack of specificity in the detection of brain abscess.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Multiple intraparenchymal brain plasmacytomas with spontaneous intratumoral hemorrhage.

The case of a patient with two intraparenchymal brain plasmacytomas without cranial or dural attachment and with intratumoral hemorrhage is presented. Computed tomographic (CT) findings are described. Autopsy revealed two discrete intraparenchymal plasmacytomas with intratumoral hemorrhage, one cerebral and one cerebellar. There have been few case reports of brain plasmacytoma without cranial or dural attachment, and this case of multiple such intracranial, intraparenchymal plasmacytomas with hemorrhage is certainly unique. Intratumoral hemorrhage with intracranial plasmacytoma is extraordinarily rare. The literature of intracranial involvement with myeloma and plasmacytoma and the CT appearance of intracranial plasmacytoma are surveyed.

Brain↗

PubMed1986

Suppression-burst pattern associated with generalized epileptiform discharges and alpha-theta pattern coma.

In this paper we reported a patient with multisystem failure, whose EEG immediately preceding death demonstrated a unique combination of suppression-burst pattern, generalized epileptiform discharges, and alpha-theta pattern coma. Post-mortem examination showed ischemic-anoxic lesions involving cortical and sub-cortical gray matter. The lack of white matter pathology in our patient indicates that white matter lesions may not be involved in the pathogenesis of the above EEG patterns in anoxic encephalopathy.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs): a possible role for metabolic factors in pathogenesis.

Periodic, lateralized, epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) in the electroencephalogram have been reported in association with a variety of structural lesions of the brain. Although a great deal of attention has been directed to the neuropathological basis of PLEDs, little emphasis has been placed on the functional basis of this EEG syndrome. In this paper, we reported a patient with multiple systemic problems whose EEG showed PLEDs. However, radiological and pathological studies revealed no neuropathological basis for the occurrence of this EEG syndrome. Thus, we presented evidence that metabolic factors may play a part in the pathogenesis of PLEDs.

Acidosis↗

PubMed1985

The calcium ionophore A23187 evokes and potentiates antiviral activity of interferon.

Calcium ionophore A23187, which causes a rapid efflux of Ca2+ from cells, evokes an antiviral response in mouse LB, simian COS-1, Hela, human amniotic (U), baby hamster kidney (BHK), and VERO cells against Sindbis (SBV) and vesicular stomatitis (VSV) viruses. The degree of antiviral activity depends on the type of cell, virus, and the dose of A23187. A23187 inhibits the production of infectious VSV; however, VSV particle production was not significantly inhibited as measured by viral RNA and viral proteins. The VSV released from the A23187-treated cells is deficient in VSV glycoprotein (G) and membrane (M) protein. A23187 potentiates the antiviral activity of interferon (IFN) against SBV and VSV in mouse LB and human U cells. It is possible to postulate that a change in intracellular Ca2+ may play an important role in the antiviral activity of IFN.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Release of low infectivity vesicular stomatitis virus particles from tunicamycin-treated cells.

The effect of tunicamycin (TM) treatment on the production, glycosylation, morphology and infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) released from mouse (LB), monkey (Cos-1 and VERO), bovine (MDBK), hamster (BHK) and human (HeLa, U and GM2504) cells was investigated. The yield of VSV particles released from TM treated cells, as measured by total viral proteins, was inhibited only 2-10 fold while the infectivity of these particles was greatly reduced (10-1000 fold). The morphology of VSV particles formed in the presence of TM appeared similar to that of VSV particles released from untreated cells as demonstrated by electronmicroscopy. Analysis of intracellular and extracellular virus specific proteins by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that TM blocks the glycosylation of VSV glycoprotein G in all cells tested. These results suggest that inhibition of glycosylation of VSV G protein could affect the biological infectivity of the VSV particle released from the treated cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Hepatic mixed-function oxidase activities of wild pigeons.

Hepatic mixed-function oxidase activities of wild pigeons were determined and compared with those of rat to assess the apparent differences in avian and mammalian drug metabolism. Aminopyrine N-demethylase, benzphetamine N-demethylase, ethylmorphine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, glutathione S-transferase activities and cytochrome P-450 levels in pigeon liver were 30-80% lower than the corresponding activities in rat liver. p-Nitroanisole O-demethylase activity in pigeon liver was similar to that of rat liver. Wild pigeon-liver benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity was approx. five times higher than that in the rat. Pigeons did not reveal any noticeable sex differences in mixed-function oxidase activities. Administration of 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital to pigeons resulted in the induction of demethylase and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities and in cytochrome P-450 levels.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Low infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles released from interferon-treated cells is related to glycoprotein deficiency.

We have investigated the mechanism for the low infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) released from interferon (IFN) -treated cells. With 10-30 units/ml of IFN there was an approximately 5-30 fold reduction in the production of virus particles, as measured by VSV proteins; however, the infectivity of the VSV released from IFN-treated mouse LB, JLS-V9R, or human GM2504 was drastically reduced (2 to 4 logs). The low infectivity of VSV was directly related to a deficiency in virion glycoprotein (G). IFN treatment did not change the specific infectivity of the VSV particles released by HeLa cells; their G protein was also not reduced. A further effect of IFN to reduce the amount of virion M protein appeared to be secondary and was probably not related to the reduced infectivity of VSV.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Tunicamycin treatment inhibits the antiviral activity of interferon in mice.

Earlier we reported that tunicamycin (TM) treatment of L cells in vitro significantly enhances the antiviral activity of interferon (IFN) against viruses (such as vesicular stomatitis, Sindbis, and herpes simplex) which bud from membranes. However, no such enhancement of the antiviral activity of IFN by TM was observed against encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) (nonbudding). We were interested to know whether TM would similarly enhance the antiviral activity of IFN and IFN inducers in vivo against Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and EMCV infections in mice. It was observed that TM alone (0.001 to 5.0 micrograms per mouse) did not protect mice against infections of SFV and EMCV; instead, TM-treated mice died with virus-specific paralytic symptoms earlier than untreated animals. The enhanced mortality in TM-treated and SFV- or EMCV-infected mice was associated with the concomitant increase in virus titer in brain tissue. IFN significantly protected mice against SFV and EMCV infections. The antiviral protection of mice by IFN against both the viruses was markedly inhibited by TM administration. IFN inducers (polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid, 6-MFA [a mixture of proteins, polysaccharides, and double-stranded DNA isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus ATCC 28706]) protected a significant number of mice against SFV infection. However, no such protection was observed in mice injected with a combination of TM and IFN inducer. These results indicate that TM treatment inhibits the antiviral action of IFN or IFN inducers in vivo.

Animals↗