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Biomedical subjects

M M Kennedy

Publications and source records attributed to M M Kennedy.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Surviving a new CEO.

In the emerging era of integrated networks and alliances, as health care entities merge and re-form themselves, changes can be expected in management teams, particularly at the top. For those in senior management positions below the CEO, these times are fraught with peril. A new leader can frequently mean a new team. And in many cases, the best advice is to move on. But how can a manager navigate these treacherous waters, so that the decision to leave or stay belongs to the manager and not to the new leadership. In this regular column of the journal, the author offers some advice on what is apt to become a recurrent issue.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1995

Seven deadly assumptions for new physician managers.

You've just been, or are about to be, named to a management position, your first. Success will not be easy, but it can be achieved. Just avoid seven common assumptions that are the chief culprits in the demise of many a physician executive: All human beings make rational decisions, so the way to resolve conflicts is by giving people more data. Clinical teams are the same as management teams. Your new title confers all the decision-making authority, trust, and power needed to do the job. Bedside communication techniques are the same ones used in the board room. A financial statement is pretty much the same as a checking account statement. There are no politics in management. Just reading every important management text will make you a great manager.

Communication↗
PubMed1994

Are you ready for virtual organizations?

Success, and maybe even survival, in the future will go to those health care organizations that can respond to constant and rapid change in a timely fashion. And timely doesn't mean what it once did. Years and months may no longer be a satisfactory response time. Even weeks may not always do. Opportunities will have to be seized quickly, or they will disappear forever. One possible answer to the leaden nature of most bureaucratic, hierarchical organizations may be a new kid on the block--the virtual organization. Formed solely to work on a single opportunity, these organizations can be used to position the parent organizations for almost any conceivable change.

Hospital Administration↗
PubMed1994

Managing the new technical employee.

We live in an age of information. Almost every element of society is dominated by information and the need for information. No person can expect to thrive in the future unless he or she knows and understands information processing, particularly computerized information processing. The growth of medical informatics in the health care field is a further indication of the pervasiveness of the information age. With this technology, however, comes a new and very different cadre of employees. Physician executives who desire to succeed in this new and changing world will have to understand how these employees are different and how management must change to accommodate them. Marilyn Kennedy begins the understanding process in this column.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Altered lymphocyte phenotypes and proliferative responses in chimpanzees infected with hepatitis C virus.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from three chimpanzees infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and from two uninfected animals were analyzed by monoclonal antibody phenotyping using flow cytometry. Significant differences in numbers of MNC's expressing cluster designation (CD) phenotypes CD4, CD14, CD19, and CD45RA were found. Additionally, significant differences in MNC proliferation in response to mitogens were also found. This altered proliferative capacity and cellular phenotype profile may be important markers in studying the pathogenesis of chronic HCV disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Discrimination of HIV-2 infection from HIV-1 infection by western blot and radioimmunoprecipitation analysis.

Serum and plasma samples were collected from blood donors who were confirmed positive for antibodies to HIV-1 in the United States, and from blood donors and individuals in West Africa and Portugal who were positive for antibodies to HIV-1, HIV-2, or both. Western blots and sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) radioimmunoprecipitation assays (RIPA) utilizing native HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteins were performed on these specimens to determine the ability of these procedures to discriminate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. Extensive serologic cross reactivity between HIV-1 and HIV-2 p24 was found in both populations. Antibody reactivity to the envelope protein gp120 was able to discriminate 20 of 20 (100%) U.S. specimens as HIV-1 infections. In specimens from West Africa and Portugal, Western blot and RIPA were in complete agreement on 33 of 42 samples (78.6%). Among these 33 specimens, 10 were found to be reactive for antibodies to HIV-1 only, 10 were reactive to HIV-2 only, and 13 were considered to be dually reactive, having antibodies reactive with both HIV-1 gp120 and HIV-2 gp120. Nine of the 42 specimens were discordant by Western blot and RIPA classification, being dually reactive by one procedure and reactive with only one viral gp120 by the other technique. Because of the serological cross reactivities between HIV-1 and HIV-2, in certain populations it is difficult to ascertain whether an individual is infected with HIV-1, HIV-2, a new viral type, or whether the individual is infected simultaneously with multiple viruses. More specific tests such as viral isolation or molecular probes may be necessary to distinguish between infections with these viruses in certain populations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

The effect of interleukin 4 (BSF-1) on infection of peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages with HIV-1.

The effects of various cytokines were examined in an in vitro model of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Monocytes were obtained from blood of normal donors by Ficoll/hypaque gradient centrifugation and adherence. These cells were allowed to mature in the presence of varying concentrations of cytokines. After five days in culture, cells were harvested, counted, and inoculated with S5G7, an HTLV-IIIB subclone. The cells were replated in the presence of the same concentrations of cytokines. Culture supernatants were sampled over 28 days for p24 antigen (Ag) as measured by Ag capture assay. In repeat experiments, the following observations were made: 1. MDM from some donors could be infected only in the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin 4 (IL-4); 2. The effect of GM-CSF was variable; TNF alpha also enhanced HIV replication above controls; 3. IL-4 was the most potent enhancer of HIV-1 replication in MDM of the cytokines tested, inducing p24 Ag levels 75-230 times those seen in control cultures run simultaneously. This effect was dose dependent. Ag production was not observed until Day 14 postinfection in most experiments. Multinucleated giant cell formation was observed only in the presence of IL-4.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1978

Suppression of an in vitro humoral immune response by cultured fetal thymus cells.

We studied the function of fetal thymocytes, derived from thymus progenitor cells of 14-day-old fetuses in an organ culture system, in an in vitro humoral immune response. The unprimed cultured fetal thymocytes suppressed the T-dependent primary immune response to adult syngeneic spleen cells against sheep red blood cells, but failed to suppress the response against the T-independent antigen NIP-POL [4(hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenyl)acetyl-coupled polymerized flagellin]. The suppression was abolished by anti-Thy-1 serum and complement treatment. Using a differential killing procedure, the suppressor cells were characterized as "low" Thy-1 cells. In addition, they were resistant to hydrocortisone. Suppression could only be achieved when the cultured fetal thymocytes were added during the first 48 h of culture, suggesting that their action occurred during the induction phase of the response. The implications of the high frequency of suppressor cells during fetal life are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The differentiation of murine thymocytes in vivo and in vitro.

The differentiation of lymphoid cells in the early foetal mouse thymus was studied in vivo and in organ culture. The lymphoid precursors found in the 13 and 14 day foetal thymus constituted about 50% of the total thymus cell population. These T precursors were large blast-like cells which already expressed the Thy-1 antigen but were mostly TL negative. Both in vivo and in vitro the blasts were rapidly replaced by a population of typical small lymphocytes which were strongly Thy-1 and TL positive but Ig negative. In organ cultures grown under optimal conditions, large bimodal increases in cell numbers occurred. An initial population of about 2 x 10(4) T precursors per thymus lobe gave rise to nearly 10(6) predominantly Thy-1 and TL positive small lymphocytes by the 6--8th day in vitro. After this time lymphocyte numbers decreased until about the 10th day when they again increased to form a second peak of small lymphocytes on the 12--13th day. These cells were also predominantly Thy-1 positive but the majority were now TL negative. No Ig positive B lymphocytes were detected either by immunofluorescence or by autoradiography using polyvalent anti-MIg sera and no plasma cells were detected by electronmicroscopy. At all times however, minor subpopulations of Thy-1 negative small cells were present. The production of small lymphocytes during the 1st week of culture was critically dependent on culture conditions and particularly on the batch of FCS used. The population developing during the 2nd week required less stringent conditions and was less dependent on FCS. The culture systems described should prove useful in the study of T-lymphocyte differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hirer, hiree, beware: new hiring trends.

What are the three hiring trends that trouble both human resources people and top management? From the "exploding job offer," to new hires who renege on their acceptances, to "front loading," these trends are predicted to continue, so where does this leave you in the salary negotiation process? From communicating often to interviewing more carefully, some suggestions are explored to help physician executives address these disturbing trends. There's still a sub rosa theory that only undesirable candidates back out of an offer. But that's no longer true and that attitude may make you short-handed!

Communication↗