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Biomedical subjects

M M Khalil

Publications and source records attributed to M M Khalil.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Topography and morphometry of the common bile duct and major duodenal papilla of man and principal domesticated animals.

A comparative topography and morphometry of the common bile duct and major duodenal papilla was studied on the extrahepatic biliary apparatus of human and major domesticated animals such as horse, ox, Black Bengal (BB) goat, sheep, dog and cat of local breed. In Black Bengal goat, sheep, dog and cat, the extrahepatic biliary system seemed to be the continuation of the cystic duct, which was found to continue as the common hepatic/common bile duct into which all the hepatic/lobar ducts open. In man, the mean length and the mean diameter of the common bile duct were 7.67+/-0.58 cm. and 7.27+/-0.77 mm. respectively. In the ox, these values were 1.57+/-0.72 cm. and 11.82+/-0.79 mm. respectively; in the Black Bengal goat, 7.23+/-0.74 cm. and 4.45+/-0.72 mm. respectively; in the sheep, 5.27+/-0.66 cm. and 3.75+/-0.79 mm. respectively; in the dog, 4.72+/-0.67 cm. and 6.43+/-0.55 mm. respectively and in the cat, 3.26+/-0.87 cm. and 5.63+/-0.43 mm. respectively. In man, the mean length and the mean diameter at the base of the MDP were 4.37+/-0.56 mm. and 3.97+/-0.72 mm. respectively. In horse, these were 52.36+/-0.67 mm. and 12.47+/-0.63 mm. respectively; in ox, 12.53+/-0.73 mm. and 8.83+/-0.68 mm. respectively; in Black Bengal goat, 14.36+/-0.55 mm. and 5.23+/-0.57 mm. respectively; in sheep, 11.27+/-0.69 mm. and 4.51+/-0.74 mm. respectively; in dog, 17.43+/-0.82 mm. and 6.72+/-0.64 mm. respectively and in cat, these values were 12.36+/-0.47 mm. and 7.12+/-0.87 mm. The distance of the Major Duodenal Papilla (MDP) form the pyloric end of the stomach was proportionately shorter in the meat-eaters, i.e., the omnivorous man (9.76+/-0.88 cm), and the carnivores, dog (6.37+/-0.73 cm) and cat (2.75+/-0.87 cm.) when compared to that of the herbivores, i.e., ox (55.37+/-0.68 cm.), BB goat (23.27+/-0.89 cm.) and sheep (25.62+/-0.77 cm.). In the horse, the major duodenal papilla was perpendicular to the duodenal mucosal surface with the largest mean length and the mean diameter. In all other animals, it was obliquely placed on the duodenal surface with its opening directed aborally.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Biochemical and technological studies on the production of isolated guar protein.

Guar seeds contain 32% crude protein. Therefore, attempts were made to prepare protein isolates from guar seed flour (GSF) by extraction in different media (distilled water, salt solution, alkali solution alone or in combination) followed by a precipitation at acid pH. From the four technologies adopted, mixed salt-alkali solution was found to be the most satisfactory for extraction of protein from GSF. The highest amount of product was obtained in the mixed technology along with the highest amount of protein (87.5%). Protein isolates were also nutritionally evaluated following well-established rat bioassay procedures in a comparative study with casein as standard. The protein isolates are rich in lysine but poor in sulphur-containing amino acids such as methionine and cysteine. Protein isolates obtained by mixed salt-alkali solution showed high water and oil absorption as well as good emulsifying and foaming stability. The results indicate that protein isolates can be used as a supplementary source of protein in different food industries.

Caseins↗
PubMed2001

Effect of soaking, germination, autoclaving and cooking on chemical and biological value of guar compared with faba bean.

Raw, soaked, germinated, autoclaved and cooked both of guar and faba bean were chemically and biologically evaluated. Crude protein, crude fiber and ash contents of guar and faba bean decreased as a result of all treatments with the exception of protein content in both germinated guar and faba bean. A slight decrease in lipid content was noticed during germination, while there were no changes in lipids after soaking, autoclaving and cooking. Protein content of guar was higher than of faba bean, and showed higher values for all amino acids than faba bean protein except for lysine and tryptophan. Germination caused a slight increase in total essential amino acids, while soaking caused a slight decrease in both of guar and faba bean. There was a slight decrease in the mineral contents by the heat processes with the exception of Mg and Mn for guar and Na, Mn for faba bean due to the cooking process. Germinated guar and faba bean showed noticeable decrease in Na, K, Cu, Mn and Mg and a slight increase in Fe and Zn than the raw materials. Germination was more effective in reducing phytic acid than heat treatment, and therefore it improves the nutritional quality of both guar and faba bean. Protein efficiency ratio (PER), true digestibility (DT) and biological value (BV) were estimated in all treatments under study using rat bioassay procedures. Data revealed pronounced improvements of the nutritive value as a result of all processes under study especially germination being the most effective.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

Isolation, functional properties and potential use of protein preparations from lupin.

Protein isolates were prepared by extraction with diluted NaOH (resulting the highest yield) and precipitation with HCl from lupin seeds grown in Egypt and Hungary. Protein content, amino acid composition, biological value and functional properties of isolates were studied. The proteins were high in lysine but relatively low in sulfur-containing amino acids. Good solubility and moderate emulsifying, foaming and gel-forming properties of isolates were observed. Enrichment of fruit- and vegetable-based baby foods with these isolates resulted in products with excellent organoleptic properties and moderate biological value. Additional enrichment with small quantities of methionine increased significantly the biological value without any negative changes of organoleptic characteristics.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

Spectro- and electrochemical studies of some ruthenium and osmium complexes of 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole; complexes with intra-molecular charge transfer.

Reaction of Ru3(CO)12, with 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole (HPBI) resulted in the formation of Ru(CO)3(HPBI) (I) complex. In presence of pyridine or dipyridine, the two derivatives [Ru(CO)3(HPBI)].Py (II) and [Ru(CO)3(HPBI)].dpy (III) were isolated. The corresponding reactions of Os3(CO)12 yielded only one single product; Os(CO)2(HPBI)2 (IV). Spectroscopic studies of these complexes revealed intramolecular metal to ligand CT interactions. Reactions of RuCl3 with HPBI gave three distinct products; [Ru(HPBI)2Cl2]Cl (V), [Ru(HPBI)(dipy)Cl2]C1 (VI) and [Ru(PBI)2(py)2]Cl (VII). The UV-vis studies indicated the presence of intramolecular ligand to metal CT interactions. Electrochemical investigation of the complexes showed some irreversible, reversible and quasi-reversible redox reactions due to tautomeric interconversions through electron transfer.

Benzimidazoles↗
PubMed2000

Socioclinical profile of children with asthma in Al-Majmaah Health Province.

OBJECTIVE: Although asthma in children constitutes a major health problem, there is a dearth of literature on different aspects of asthma in rapidly developing countries. This cross-sectional research aims to study the socioclinical profile of asthmatic children and the impact of asthma symptoms on their life style. METHODS: The sample of this study, drawn from pediatric clinics of a general hospital and primary health care centers during a period of six months, comprised of children under 13 years of age who met the operational diagnostic criteria for asthma. The data collected from multiple sources on a semistructured questionnaire was analyzed by using different statistical tests. RESULTS: The results showed that male children represented 69% of the sample and children under one year of age manifested significantly severe degree of asthma. The frequency of asthma symptoms decreased in most of the studied children with increasing age. Further, they have insignificant family history of asthma (48.5%) but a significant smoking at home in severely affected children (59%). Moreover, most of them (88%) were mainly characterized by a combination of asthmatic symptoms of variable severity that adversely affected their sleep pattern and significantly resulted in school absences and increased days stay in hospital. CONCLUSION: The revealed socioclinical profile of studied children with asthma has adverse impact on certain components of their life style, which shows the need for re-activating relevant treatment modalities including health education and changing certain habits like parental smoking at home, which adversely affects asthma.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Phacotrabeculectomy versus two-stage operation: a matched study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens, combined with trabeculectomy (phacotrabeculectomy) in patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 53 consecutive eyes which underwent phacotrabeculectomy and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) were matched and compared with 53 eyes that had trabeculectomy followed by phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (mean interval 3.2 month). The 2 groups were first matched by diagnostic group and subsequently for the closest possible match with other successive variables, including age, gender, race and preoperative glaucoma medications. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, visual acuity, antiglaucoma medications, and surgical success as well as complications were compared in both groups. RESULTS: Mean IOP reduction was 14.5+/-4.1 mmHg in the two-stage group compared to 15.1+/-3.9 in the phacotrabeculectomy group at 6 months follow-up (P<0.1) and 13.8+/-3.9 and 14.6+/-3.7 respectively at 1 year (P<0.1). Visual acuity and complications were comparable. CONCLUSION: Phacotrabeculectomy provides IOP control statistically comparable to two-stage surgery with earlier visual rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Electrocardiographic changes in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) has acute and chronic effects on the cardiovascular system. Both right and left sides of the heart are affected. Electrocardiographic pattern was studied in 190 OSAS patients. One or more of the following were found: persistent deep S in lateral chest leads V5, V6 (79%), left anterior hemiblock (71%), RS pattern with deep S wave in leads aVf, I, II and III (71, 55, 26 and 22% respectively), right axis (6%), right bundle branch block RBBB (5%), QRS voltage criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy (4%), QR pattern in V1 (4%) and none of the above (11%). The most common patterns were deep S wave in leads I, aVf, V6 with left axis (27%), deep S wave in leads II, III, aVf and V6 with left axis (12%), and deep S wave in leads I, II, III, aVf and V6 with left axis (11%). There was statistically significant difference in polysomnographic data and daytime PaO2 between OSAS patients with and without ECG findings. The latter had the mildest evidence of disease (P < 0.01). The findings suggest prevalence of late depolarization of hypertrophied right outflow tract and/or left anterior fascicular block. With progression of OSAS, there is evolution of an ECG pattern that is peculiar for the disease, and helpful in diagnosing OSAS patients when other disease entities are excluded.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1994

Micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations and aflatoxin-albumin adducts in experimental animals after exposure to aflatoxin B1.

Rats and mice differ markedly in sensitivity to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) hepatocarcinogenicity, the former being sensitive and the latter resistant. Animals were treated with single doses of different concentrations of AFB1, between 0.01 and 1.0 microgram AFB1/g body weight. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in the bone marrow was measured and compared to the level of AFB1 bound covalently to albumin in the peripheral blood. Both chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei were significantly increased in treated rats compared to the control group at doses above 0.1 microgram/g. In contrast, in mice, a slight increase in chromosome aberrations was seen in the highest dose group (1.0 microgram/g) but no increase in micronuclei was observed at any of the doses. The level of chromosomal aberrations was about 10 times higher in rats than in mice at the highest dose of AFB1. AFB1-albumin (AF-alb) adducts did not show a strong dose-response increase after treatment in mice, whereas in rats the levels increased linearly with dose of AFB1 and there were strong correlations at the individual rat level with both chromosomal aberrations (r = 0.92; p < 0.0001) and micronucleus frequency (r = 0.86; p < 0.0001). These data suggest that the AF-alb may reflect the level of genetic alteration resulting from the initial binding of this carcinogen to cellular DNA. Therefore, this adduct used as a biomarker in studies of human exposure to aflatoxin may provide information not only on exposure but also on the risk of genetic alterations consequent to that exposure.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1988

Studies on Egyptian cottonseeds: fatty acid-composition and protein patterns.

Fourteen Egyptian cottonseed varieties were analysed to study some properties of their lipids and proteins. Lipid contents of the kernels ranged from 29.0 to 35.1%. The mean value of the iodine number was 110.9. The tested varieties showed little or no differences regarding to their fatty acid content. A slight higher proportion of linoleic acid was recorded for the triglycerides whereas the polar lipids components contained a lower amount of this fatty acids compared to that found in the total lipids. Protein contents in the examined varieties ranged from 32.3 to 37.9%. The amount of water-soluble protein ranged from 12.8 to 23.0% of the total protein. An almost complete recovery (94.5-100%) of the total protein was yielded when the extraction was performed with 0.02 N NaOH instead of water. The electrophoretic patterns of the water-soluble proteins gave only two bands, having a molecular weight between 14,000 and 25,000 dalton. A clear differentiation between the varieties was noticed when the alkaline soluble protein extracts were subjected to electrophoresis. Accordingly, the examined varieties were classified into five groups each of them having a similar spectrum.

Dietary Proteins↗