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Biomedical subjects

M M Manore

Publications and source records attributed to M M Manore.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Energy expenditure at rest and during exercise in nonobese female cyclical dieters and in nondieting control subjects.

The purpose of this research was to determine if resting energy expenditure (REE) and exercise energy expenditure (EEE) differed between nonobese female cyclical dieters (n = 11) and nondieting control subjects (n = 12). Dieters were defined as having intermittent periods of caloric restriction (less than or equal to 4184 kJ/d, or less than or equal to 1000 kcal/d) for greater than or equal to 7-10 d four times in the preceding year. Dieters were significantly (P less than 0.01) heavier (66 vs 57 kg) and fatter (26% vs 21% body fat) than controls subjects whereas fat-free tissue was similar in both groups. Dieters had significantly (P less than 0.003) lower relative REE than did control subjects (2.8 vs 3.1 mL O2.kg-1.min-1; 79 vs 92 kJ.kg body wt-1.d-1, or 19 vs 22 kcal.kg body wt-1.d-1) but absolute REE (kJ/d, or kcal/d) was similar. Regardless of the workload examined, relative EEE was significantly (P less than 0.009) lower in dieters than in control subjects whereas absolute EEEs were similar at each workload. Results indicate an increased efficiency of food utilization during exercise in dieters but no difference in absolute REE. In addition, repeated bouts of dieting may alter body composition.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Development and testing of a carbohydrate monitoring tool for athletes.

Improving carbohydrate intake in athletes will increase muscle glycogen storage. This in turn can improve exercise time and performance by delaying fatigue. However, planning and consuming a diet that contains 60% to 70% carbohydrate is difficult for most athletes. To develop a simple carbohydrate monitoring tool for athletes, we analyzed three sets of 3-day diet records from 17 male endurance runners over a 10-week competitive period and 9 female endurance runners over a 9-week training period. We then developed a simple carbohydrate monitoring tool. To validate the instrument, we compared each athlete's carbohydrate intake as estimated using the instrument with the athlete's actual carbohydrate intake from the 3-day diet records. Mean estimated percents of energy from carbohydrate using the carbohydrate monitoring tool were not significantly different from the actual mean carbohydrate intakes. Examination of individual diets showed that the estimated carbohydrate was always within 2% of the actual carbohydrate. Therefore, the instrument did a good job of estimating the percent of energy from carbohydrate in the diets of endurance runners. This instrument will provide a quick method by which the athlete can assess and improve carbohydrate intake on a daily basis without the use of daily diet records.

Diet↗
PubMed1990

Differences in epinephrine and substrate responses between arm and leg exercise.

The purpose of this study was to determine epinephrine (EPI) and selected substrate responses during arm crank (AC) and leg cycle (LC) exercise at the same absolute and relative exercise intensity. Nine males performed 30 min AC and LC tests at 70% of ergometer-specific peak oxygen uptake (VO2), and a 30 min LC test eliciting a similar VO2 required during the AC test. Blood samples (30 ml) were collected via an indwelling arm catheter at rest, and at minutes 13 and 28 of exercise for determinations of plasma EPI, serum free fatty acid (FFA), serum glycerol (GLY), blood glucose (GLU), and blood lactate (LA) concentrations. At equivalent VO2, higher (P less than 0.05) EPI, LA, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) responses were obtained during AC than LC exercise. However, these physiologic responses were similar during AC and LC exercise at the same relative intensity. No significant differences over time were observed for FFA, GLY, and GLU between AC and LC exercise at either the same absolute or relative intensity. The results support previous hypotheses that AC exercise is physiologically more stressful than LC exercise at the same VO2. The data further indicate that adrenomedullary activity (EPI response) and substrate utilization (LA and RER responses) are regulated by relative exercise intensity and not the exercising muscle mass.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Contribution of various food groups to dietary vitamin B-6 intake in free-living, low-income elderly persons.

Elderly persons are reported to have low dietary intakes of vitamin B-6. Knowing which foods are the primary contributors of dietary vitamin B-6 may be useful to health professionals working to improve the nutritional status of the elderly. Therefore, we examined the contribution of five food groups--flesh foods (including all meat/fish/poultry), grains/cereals, legumes/nuts, fruits/vegetables, and dairy products/eggs--to dietary vitamin B-6 intake in 198 free-living elderly persons aged 60 years or older. Subjects were primarily Caucasian, low-income non-smokers; their mean age was 72 years. Mean dietary vitamin B-6 intake, determined from 3-day diet records, was 1.6 +/- 0.6 mg/day. The fruit/vegetable group was the largest dietary contributor of vitamin B-6 (0.69 mg/day). Flesh foods and cereals/grains contributed equally to the vitamin B-6 intake (0.35 and 0.34 mg/day, respectively). The lowest contributors were dairy products/eggs and legumes/nuts. Approximately 96% of the vitamin B-6 intake could be accounted for by the five food groups. Twenty percent of the population (no. = 39) consumed less than 66% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin B-6; their vitamin B-6 intake from fruits/vegetables and grains/cereals was 0.36 and 0.10 mg/day, respectively. Individuals with vitamin B-6 intakes greater than or equal to 100% of the RDA (no. = 69) consumed greater amounts of fruits/vegetables (primarily bananas) and grains/cereals (primarily breakfast cereal) than did persons who consumed less than 66% of the RDA for vitamin B-6; their vitamin B-6 intake from fruits/vegetables and grains/cereals was 0.98 and 0.55 mg/day, respectively. In the elderly population studied, plant foods were the major dietary contributors of vitamin B-6.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentration and dietary vitamin B-6 intake in free-living, low-income elderly people.

Free-living, elderly persons (aged greater than or equal to 60 y, n = 198) were recruited to determine the effects of age, sex, health status, dietary vitamin B-6 intakes, and B-6 supplement use on plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Vitamin B-6 intakes were determined from 3-d diet records; supplementation was based on self-reported brand and frequency data. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for PLP. Subjects were primarily low-income Caucasians. There was no linear relationship between dietary vitamin B-6 intake, age, sex or health status, and PLP while accounting for supplemental vitamin B-6 use. PLP, however, was negatively correlated with age (p less than 0.001) in individuals with PLP values between 32 and 90 nmol/L. Vitamin B-6 status was low (PLP less than 32 nmol/L) in 32% of this elderly population (n = 198) and could be attributed to low dietary vitamin B-6 intakes and/or the presence of health problems reported to alter vitamin B-6 status. This research suggests that low vitamin B-6 status is prevalent in low-income, elderly persons, especially those with multiple health problems.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Development and testing of a statistical and graphics-enhanced nutrient analysis program.

The authors have developed and tested a nutrient analysis program that will compute and present graphically summary statistics of population and population subgroup nutrient intakes. The program analyzes for 44 nutrients from 5,800 separate food items. Capabilities of the program include: storage of large numbers of diet records and evaluations of their nutrients; calculation of nutrient means and standard deviations; data sorting based on subject characteristics, such as age, sex, and supplement use; and generation of bar graphs and line plots for individual and/or group data. To test this computerized nutrient analysis program, two sets of 3-day diet records from 200 elderly individuals were analyzed. The program was then used to generate means, differences between means, and distribution frequencies of designated nutrients for various population subgroups (e.g., men greater than or equal to 65 years vs. men greater than or equal to 80 years) as well as comparisons with individual files (e.g., Mr. Smith vs. all men greater than or equal to 65 years). The statistical and graphics capabilities also function within the context of recipe analysis and menu planning, which enhances the application of this program in institutional and community nutrition settings.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Effect of carbohydrate and vitamin B6 on fuel substrates during exercise in women.

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is an essential co-factor for glycogen phosphorylase and certain enzymes in the alanine-glucose cycle. Glycogen phosphorylase is also proposed as a storage reservoir for vitamin B6. To examine the effect of vitamin B6 and carbohydrate on fuel substrates during exercise, 5 young/trained, 5 young/un-trained, and 5 post-menopausal/un-trained women were alternately fed four diets (varying carbohydrate and B6 level) over a 7-wk period. Subjects were exercised at the end of each dietary period at 80% VO2max for 20 min on a cycle ergometer. Blood was drawn pre-, post-, post-30, and post-60 min of exercise and analyzed for plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, glucose, free fatty acid, and lactate. ANOVA showed no difference among groups or diets for lactate, although lactate was significantly different over time (P less than 0.0001) on all diets. ANOVA showed significant time x group x diet inter-actions for free fatty acid (P less than 0.05) and significant diet x time (P less than 0.04) and time x group (P less than 0.03) inter-actions for glucose. Supplementation and/or increased carbohydrate resulted in lower free fatty acid during exercise in all groups. ANOVA showed no difference in pyridoxal 5'-phosphate for groups with respect to diet or time, but did show a significant increase from pre- to post-exercise and a significant decrease from post- to post-60 min of exercise. These results indicate that a high-carbohydrate diet and/or supplemental vitamin B6 can alter plasma fuel substrates during exercise in women; however, the effect depends on age and level of training.

Age Factors↗