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Biomedical subjects

M M Patel

Publications and source records attributed to M M Patel.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Interphenylene 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane oxazoles. Highly potent, selective, and long-acting thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists.

A series of interphenylene 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane oxazoles (2) were prepared and evaluated for their thromboxane (TxA2) antagonistic activity in vitro and duration of action in vivo. Examination of the carboxyl side chain indicated that the interphenylene ring substitution pattern and, to a lesser extent, chain length were important factors in determining TxA2 antagonistic potency. For the carboxyl side chain, ortho substitution, a single methylene spacer between the interphenylene and oxabicycloheptane rings, and a propionic acid side-chain length were determined to be optimal. With respect to the oxazole side chain a wide range of amide substituents with diverse structures and lipophilicities were compatible with potent antagonistic activity. Finally, an acidic functional group on the alpha-chain and a hydrogen bond acceptor on the 4-position of the oxazole ring were critical for potent activity. From the analogs prepared 42 (BMS-180,291: [(+)-1S-(1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha, 4 alpha)-2-[[3-[4-[(n- pentylamino)carbonyl]-2-oxazolyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2- yl]methyl]benzenepropanoic acid) was found to be a potent, selective, and orally-active TxA2 antagonist with a long duration of action and has been selected as a candidate for clinical development. In human platelet-rich plasma, 42 inhibited arachidonic acid (800 microM) and U-46,-619 (10 microM) induced aggregation with I50 values of 7 and 21 nM, respectively. Radioligand binding studies of 42 with [3H]-SQ 29,548 showed a Kd value of 4.0 +/- 1.0 nM in human platelet membranes. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated 42 was devoid of direct agonistic activity. In vivo 42 (0.2 mg/kg, po) showed extended protection (T50 = 14.4 h) from U-46,619 (2 mg/kg, iv) induced death in mice, and a single oral dose of 42 (3 mg/kg) abolished U46,619-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo in African green monkeys for > 24 h.

Animals↗

Humoral immunological profile of workers exposed to asbestos in asbestos mines.

Humoral immunological profile including immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies and circulating immune complexes were studied in a representative sample of 36 workers suffering from asbestosis (group A), 35 workers who are exposed to asbestos but not having evidence of asbestosis (group B) and 28 control workers (group C). Mean IgG and IgA levels were found to be significantly higher in the two exposed groups than in the controls. Circulating immune complexes of IgG, IgA and IgM class were detected in a significant percentage of cases in exposed groups than in controls. In groups A and B, the percentage of positive ANF cases was much higher than in the controls. The results suggest that immunological changes are associated with exposure to asbestos and these may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease process.

Adult↗

In vitro influence of hormones on transport of glucose and glycogen in liver and muscle of pinealectomised pigeons, Columba livia Gmellin.

To substantiate the increased peripheral utilization of blood glucose by pineal in wild pigeons, an in vitro study on the ability of liver and muscle slices of intact and pinealectomised wild pigeons (C. livia) in terms of uptake and release of glucose, and deposition and depletion of glycogen, in presence of insulin, acetylcholine, glucagon and adrenaline has been undertaken. A total insensitivity of liver and muscle of pinealectomised birds for glycogen deposition and insensitivity of liver for glucose uptake has been observed. Increased glucose release from liver in response to adrenalin has been observed. The results are discussed in terms of involvement of pineal in metabolic regulation associated with breeding activities.

Acetylcholine↗

Legionnaires' disease.

The Legionella bacillus is a relatively common pulmonary pathogen that has been responsible for a number of outbreaks of respiratory illness this century. Not until 1976, however, after exciting epidemiologic and microbiologic investigation, was the organism isolated and identified. Legionnaires' disease does not have a characteristic radiographic appearance, but certain features may alert the clinician to its presence. It often rapidly progresses to a lobar pneumonia that may not respond immediately to treatment. The radiographic findings lag behind clinical improvement, and radiographic resolution is prolonged. Organ transplantation patients often present with ill-defined, rounded, pleura-based opacities that may simulate pulmonary infarction and can cavitate.

Humans↗

Seasonal differences in glucose tolerance and insulin response of pinealectomized pigeons (Columba livia).

The effects of a glucose tolerance test (GTT) and an insulin response test (IRT) on blood glucose levels were evaluated in pinealectomized and nonpinealectomized pigeons during the breeding and nonbreeding months. The tests revealed increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in pinealectomized birds during the breeding season. In the nonbreeding season, both the pinealectomized and the control birds tended to show more or less similar responses for both GTT and IRT. These changes confirm the anti-insulin role of the pineal in wild pigeons during the breeding season and the possible significance of the pineal gland in modulating seasonal changes in carbohydrate metabolism.

Animals↗

Long-term survival in tricuspid atresia.

A patient is described who, at the age of 39, was diagnosed by cardiac catheterization as having congenital tricuspid atresia. Now 57 years old, this patient has never had surgery to correct or change this abnormality. Her survival is the longest reported for a patient with tricuspid atresia without surgical intervention.

Ascites↗

Evaluation of serum alkaline DNase activity in treatment monitoring of head and neck cancer patients.

Our previously published data on breast cancer suggest that serum alkaline DNase, a known circulating tumour marker, can be used for treatment monitoring of cancer patients. Serum alkaline DNase activities were analyzed in 215 untreated head and neck cancer patients. The enzyme activity ranged from 0.17 to 97.97 IKU/l in untreated cancer patients. Responders (n = 314) showed significantly elevated activity of alkaline DNase as compared to untreated cancer patients (p < 0.001). While non-responders (n = 168) showed comparable activity with untreated cancer patients. Serum alkaline DNase activities were significantly elevated in responders as compared to non-responders (p < 0.001). Our clinical studies during follow-up of patients indicated that the variations in serum alkaline DNase activities in individual patients correlate closely with response to therapy. Serum alkaline DNase also appeared to be useful in predicting treatment response in the long-term follow-up of patients. Serum alkaline DNase was systematically examined as a possible indicator for recurrence in patients under complete remission. In conclusion, serum alkaline DNase may be useful as a treatment monitoring in patients with head and neck malignancies.

Adolescent↗

Role of sialic acid and alkaline DNase in breast cancer.

Serum levels of sialic acid and alkaline DNase (ADA) were analysed in 495 blood samples collected from 170 breast cancer patients before and during/after anticancer treatment. Fifty-six healthy females were included in the study to define the cutoff values. The markers were analysed by highly sensitive spectrophotometric methods. Statistical evaluation of the data was done using Student's 't' test, paired 't' test and ROC curve analysis. The total sialic acid (TSA), lipid bound sialic acid (LSA) and ADA in sera of untreated breast cancer patients were significantly higher than in controls. ROC curve analysis revealed TSA and LSA to be useful markers for diagnosis of breast cancer. Serum levels of TSA and LSA were significantly decreased in complete responders as compared to their pretreatment values. The pretreatment ADA values showed much individual variation. However, responders showed higher levels of ADA than untreated patients. In nonresponders the values of the biomarkers were comparable with pretreatment levels. The study suggested that TSA and LSA can be helpful in the diagnosis of breast cancer. All three markers can be used for assessment of response to anticancer treatment in breast cancer patients.

Adult↗

Alterations in plasma lipid profile patterns in head and neck cancer and oral precancerous conditions.

BACKGROUND: The changes in lipid profile have long been associated with cancer because lipids play a key role in maintenance of cell integrity. AIMS: The present study evaluated alterations in plasma lipid profile in untreated head and neck cancer patients as well as patients with oral precancerous conditions (OPC) and its association with habit of tobacco consumption. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This hospital-based case control study included 184 head and neck cancer patients, 153 patients with OPC and 52 controls. Plasma lipids including: (i) Total cholesterol, (ii) LDL cholesterol (LDLC), (iii) HDL cholesterol (HDLC) (iv) VLDL cholesterol (VLDLC) and (v) triglycerides were analysed by spectrophotometric kits. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Student's t-test was performed to compare mean values of the parameters. RESULTS: A significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol and HDLC was observed in cancer patients (P=0.008 and P=0.000 respectively) as well as in patients with OPC (P=0.014 and P=0.000, respectively) as compared to the controls. The plasma VLDL and triglycerides levels were significantly lower in cancer patients as compared to the patients with OPC (P=0.04) and controls (P=0.059). The tobacco habituates showed lower plasma lipid levels than the non-habituates. Our data strengthen the evidence of an inverse relationship between plasma lipid levels and head and neck malignancies as well as OPC. CONCLUSION: The lower levels of plasma cholesterol and other lipid constituents in patients might be due to their increased utilization by neoplastic cells for new membrane biogenesis. The findings strongly warrant an in-depth study of alterations in plasma lipid profile in head neck cancer patients.

Adult↗