Biomedical subjects

M M Pavletic

Publications and source records attributed to M M Pavletic.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Axial pattern flap based on the genicular branch of the saphenous artery in the dog.

Axial pattern flaps based upon the genicular branch of the saphenous artery and medial saphenous vein were developed in eight dogs. On one hind limb of each dog, the experimental flap was raised and immediately transferred to a cutaneous defect created over the lateral aspect of the lower limb distal to the stifle. A control flap was elevated and transferred on the opposite hind limb with the genicular branches of the saphenous artery and vein ligated and divided at the base of the flap. Eighty-nine per cent of the length of the flap survived in those flaps in which the genicular vessels were left intact, whereas only 54% of the flap's length survived in the control flaps. Postoperatively, all dogs were bearing weight on the limbs normally. The genicular axial pattern flap may have special clinical application in cases of cutaneous defects involving the lateral aspect of the tibia.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the cutaneous trunci myocutaneous flap and latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in the dog.

Latissimus dorsi and cutaneous trunci myocutaneous flaps of equal dimension and location were randomly elevated on opposite sides of the thorax in 10 dogs (group 1) and resutured to their respective bed. The procedure was repeated in four additional dogs (group 2); however, the short perforating branches of the thoracodorsal artery and vein were divided at the base of each cutaneous trunci myocutaneous flap, whereas the cutaneous pedicle and underlying cutaneous trunci muscle were divided in the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps to determine subsequent skin survivability and the major source of circulation of each myocutaneous flap. There was little difference in the percentage of skin survival between the latissimus dorsi and cutaneous trunci myocutaneous flaps in group 1 dogs. Circulation to the "skin island" of group 2 latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps originated from intramuscular anastomotic connections between the major branch of the thoracodorsal artery entering the latissimus dorsi muscle and the proximal lateral intercostal arteries perforating the muscle. Ligation of the short perforating branches of the thoracodorsal artery resulted in partial skin necrosis in all group 2 cutaneous trunci myocutaneous flaps. Results from this study indicate that it is unnecessary to elevate the latissimus dorsi muscle for major skin flap elevation and survival. The thicker latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is more difficult to develop surgically and appears to have no clinical major advantage over the more mobile cutaneous trunci myocutaneous flap or the adjacent thoracodorsal axial pattern flap for closure of large skin defects within the radius of flap rotation.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Caudal sartorius muscle flap in the dog.

An anatomic study was performed on canine cadavers to define the blood supply to the caudal sartorius muscle. The vascular supply to this muscle was segmental with the saphenous artery and vein providing a distal vascular pedicle. Anastomotic channels existed between distal and proximal capillary beds within the muscle belly. This anatomic information was used to determine the feasibility of performing caudal sartorius muscle flaps in dogs. The caudal sartorius muscle was transposed to the medial tibial region in four dogs. The muscle flap was based on a singular vascular pedicle of the saphenous artery and vein. The muscle transpositions were all successful on day 14 as evidenced by gross appearance and results of histologic examination. Grossly, the muscles were well adhered to the recipient sites and were covered by connective tissue. Histologically, the specimens were characterized by viable skeletal muscle fibers, large amounts of granulation tissue, varying degrees of inflammatory response, and small foci of myocyte necrosis (2 cases). Seroma formation was a consistent postoperative complication.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Axial pattern flap based on the superficial brachial artery in the dog.

An axial pattern flap based on the superficial brachial artery and vein (brachial axial pattern flap) was developed on the forelimbs of five dogs. The flap was immediately transferred to a distal cutaneous defect created on the antebrachium of that limb. A control flap was elevated on the opposite limb and transferred to a similar distal site after ligation of the superficial brachial artery and vein at the base of the flap. Mean brachial axial pattern flap survival (98%) was significantly more than mean control flap survival (77%) (p less than 0.05). Results of this study suggest that the brachial axial pattern flap has potential application for closure of major cutaneous defects involving the canine antebrachium above the carpus.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cranial sartorius muscle flap in the dog.

An anatomic study was performed on canine cadavers to define the blood supply to the cranial sartorius muscle. The vascular supply to this muscle was found to be a single dominant pedicle branching from the femoral artery at the proximal portion of the muscle. This anatomic information was applied in designing a study to determine the feasibility of performing a cranial sartorius muscle flap in the dog. The cranial sartorius muscle was transposed to the caudal abdominal region in four dogs. The muscle flap was based on the singular vascular pedicle defined in the anatomic study. All muscle transpositions were successful on day 19 as evidenced by gross appearance and histologic examination. Grossly, the muscles were well adhered to the recipient sites and were covered by connective tissue. Histologically, the specimens were characterized by viable skeletal muscle fibers, proliferative and maturing granulation and fibrous connective tissue, and mild to moderate mononuclear inflammation. Seroma formation and infection were the two postoperative complications noted. The cranial sartorius muscle flap has potential clinical application for repair of traumatic caudal abdominal hernias and large inguinal hernias in the dog.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Open nasal cavity and frontal sinus treatment of chronic canine aspergillosis.

Five dogs with nasal aspergillosis were treated by surgical exposure and delayed closure of the nasal cavity and involved frontal sinus. Diseased tissue was excised, and 10% povidone-iodine solution was applied three times daily with cotton-tipped applicators. Skin wounds were closed at weeks 6 through 8. In one dog, the frontal sinus was partially obliterated with a temporalis muscle flap before skin closure. At months 6 through 34, all dogs were clinically free of aspergillosis. Open treatment has potential clinical application as a primary approach to nasal aspergillosis or for cases that are unresponsive to previous medical management.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Partial gastrectomy with an automatic stapling instrument for treatment of gastric necrosis secondary to gastric dilatation-volvulus.

A gastrointestinal anastomosis stapling instrument was used to perform partial gastrectomy in nine dogs undergoing emergency surgery for gastric dilatation-volvulus. The amount of necrotic stomach resected was 20% to 50%. Permanent gastropexy was performed, and six dogs also required partial or total splenectomy. Six dogs (67%) were normal after surgery, with follow-up periods of 6 to 16 months for five dogs. One dog died and two dogs were euthanatized because of postoperative complications unrelated to the surgical technique. There were no complications involving the partial gastrectomy staple line.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Abdominal wall reconstruction with a vascular external abdominal oblique myofascial flap.

A myofascial island flap for abdominal wall reconstruction was based on the lumbar component of the external abdominal oblique muscle and supplied by a major neurovascular pedicle consisting of branches of the cranial abdominal artery, cranial hypogastric nerve, and a satellite vein. The flap was elevated and sutured into a 10 cm x 10 cm body wall defect in five dogs. The dogs were observed for 26 to 28 days. Abdominal wall contour and function were preserved. All dogs developed seromas, two of which became infected. One dog developed a hernia at the dorsal margin of the flap, which was repaired. At necropsy, there was no evidence of dehiscence in any of the dogs. Loose adhesions of omentum to the inner surface of the flap occurred in four dogs. Results of histologic examination confirmed the clinical impression of flap viability. The myofascial island flap has a wide range of mobility over the ventral and caudal areas of the abdomen and lateral thoracic wall. It has potential clinical use for reconstruction of defects within its arc of rotation.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Open intestinal anastomosis with surgical stapling equipment in 24 dogs and cats.

Surgical stapling equipment was used to perform open antiperistaltic side-to-side ("functional end-to-end") entero-anastomoses in 20 dogs and 4 cats. Twenty-one anastomoses healed uneventfully. Seven animals with severe bacterial peritonitis required open peritoneal drainage and delayed abdominal closure. There was postoperative leakage at the anastomotic site in two dogs and a localized abscess at the staple line in one cat. No long-term complications occurred in follow-up periods of 3 to 29 months.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Controlled tissue expansion in the distal extremities of dogs.

Controlled tissue expansion using a 100 cc rectangular silicone elastomer expander was performed in the mid-antebrachium and mid-crus of eight adult mixed-breed dogs. Two expander inflation schedules were followed. Group 1 dogs (n = 4) underwent expander inflation using 10 cc sterile saline every other day, and group 2 dogs (n = 4) underwent expander inflation using 15 cc sterile saline every other day until the nominal volume (100 cc) was attained. Significant mean postexpansion increases in skin surface area of 94.1 cm2 (35.9%) and 108.9 cm2 (37.3%) were measured in the antebrachium and crus, respectively (p < .05). In a second procedure, the expanders were removed and skin flaps were developed from the redundant tissue generated during the expansion process. Single pedicle advancement flaps and transposition flaps were used to cover surgically created defects measuring 5 x 10 cm in the antebrachium and crus. Single pedicle advancement flaps consistently measured 10 x 10 cm and could be advanced to cover defects involving one third of the mid-antebrachial or mid-crural circumference. Transposition flaps were rotated up to 170 degrees and the donor site defects were easily closed under minimal or no tension. Complications included an abscess in one dog and seroma formation in four dogs. Differences in success or complication rates between group 1 dogs and group 2 dogs were not observed; an accelerated inflation schedule using 15 cc sterile saline every other day was recommended.

Abscess↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Subtotal colectomy with surgical stapling instruments via a trans-cecal approach for treatment of acquired megacolon in cats.

Surgical stapling equipment was used to perform an end-to-end colonic anastomosis in 15 cats for the treatment of acquired megacolon. An end-to-end stapling device was passed to the anastomotic site by a trans-cecal approach. Subsequent closure of the cecal incision was accomplished with a thoracoabdominal stapling device. Two cats had hemorrhagic episodes immediately after surgery that required blood transfusions. All 15 cats have had good to excellent health after subtotal colectomy and colocolostomy performed using this stapling technique. Results of this study have demonstrated that "single surgical field" placement of the end-to-end stapling device has the primary advantage of simplicity and a lower chance of contamination compared with (dual field) rectal passage of similar devices. Closure of the cecal access incision is easily performed without reducing the diameter of the large intestinal lumen. The stapling technique provided an efficient and consistent method for anastomosis of the large bowel in cats.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reconstruction of a facial defect using the ear pinna as a composite flap.

A four-month-old, female pit bull was evaluated for multiple, resolving, second- and third-degree burn wounds. The convex surface of the left pinna was severely burned and distorted. Contraction of a large (6 cm by 4 cm), facial cutaneous defect had resulted in contracture of surrounding normal skin and dorsal displacement of both upper eyelids. Decreased ability to blink predisposed the puppy to exposure keratitis. The cutaneous facial defect was repaired using the left pinna as a composite skin flap. Surgery resulted in a successful repair of the defect and immediate return of normal eyelid function.

Animals↗