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Biomedical subjects

M M Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to M M Pedersen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Acute effects of a somatostatin analogue on kidney function in type 1 diabetic patients.

Suppression of growth hormone by means of somatostatin has been suggested as a possible adjunct therapy in Type 1 diabetes. To assess the acute effect of the somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 on kidney function in uncomplicated Type 1 diabetes, 13 normoalbuminuric, normotensive diabetic patients were investigated before and during IV infusion of SMS 201-995 (8 micrograms h-1). A control experiment with infusion of carrier only was also performed. The SMS infusion induced a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (clearance of 125I-iothalamate) and renal plasma flow (131I-hippuran) from 140 +/- 15 (mean +/- SD) and 550 +/- 69 to 131 +/- 14 (2p less than 0.005) and 492 +/- 73 ml min-1 1.73-m-2 (2p less than 0.001), while filtration fraction and total renal resistance rose (both 2p less than 0.001). Urinary albumin excretion rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose concentration were unchanged. Plasma growth hormone and glucagon were significantly suppressed. The reduction in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow correlated with the fall in glucagon concentration (r = 0.57, 2p = 0.04, and r = 0.63, 2p = 0.02). The urinary flow rate was markedly reduced, urine osmolality increased, and fractional excretion of sodium, calcium, and phosphate were reduced. Arginine vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were unchanged by the SMS infusion. Thus SMS 201-995 acutely reduces glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in uncomplicated Type 1 diabetes and has an antidiuretic effect. The effects may be related to suppression of glucagon secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Renal effects from limitation of high dietary protein in normoalbuminuric diabetic patients.

Glomerular hyperfiltration may be a risk factor for late nephropathy. It has been shown that considerable protein restriction can lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR). To elucidate the effect of moderate protein limitation in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetics with normoalbuminuria, eight such patients were selected for the study (age 38 +/- 7 years SD, diabetes duration 21 +/- 9 years). The patients were randomized to follow, alternately, four weeks of their usual protein intake (19% of energy) and four weeks of a limited protein intake (12% of energy). Kidney function was investigated after the two dietary periods. GFR and renal plasma flow (RPF) were measured using a constant infusion technique (125I-iothalamate/131I-hippuran), and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) by radioimmunoassay. It was found that the limited protein diet reduced GFR from 146 +/- 23 to 132 +/- 24 ml/min/1.73 m2 (2P less than 0.005). A tendency towards a fall in RPF was seen (549 +/- 128 vs. 503 +/- 125 ml/min; 2P = 0.06), while total renal resistance rose from 0.17 +/- 0.03 to 0.20 +/- 0.05 mm Hg/ml/min (2P = 0.05). No significant changes in filtration fraction, UAE and blood pressure were seen. HbA1c, fructosamine, insulin dose and body weight were unchanged during the two diets; also serum protein, albumin, phosphate and calcium remained unaltered. Serum urea was significantly reduced on the limited protein intake. Patients were generally pleased with the limited protein diet. Thus, limitation of the often high protein intake in diabetics might be valuable and realistic. The long-term renal protective effect remains to be investigated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Acute and long-term renal effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in normotensive, normoalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (thalamate clearance), renal plasma flow (RPF) (hippuran clearance), and urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) were measured in 10 normoalbuminuric, normotensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients and 8 normal subjects before and during acute angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition by means of enalapril (10 mg IV). The effect of placebo versus enalapril (30 mg day-1) was also studied for 3-month treatment periods in the insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Acute ACE-inhibition caused a decline in filtration fraction (FF) from 0.259 +/- 0.011 (+/- SE) to 0.237 +/- 0.013 (2p less than 0.01) in the diabetic patients, and from 0.210 +/- 0.010 to 0.188 +/- 0.006 (2p less than 0.02) in the normal subjects. Mean arterial blood pressure was lowered from 90 +/- 1 to 84 +/- 2 mmHg (2p less than 0.01) and from 91 +/- 1 to 86 +/- 2 mmHg (2p less than 0.05). No significant change in blood glucose, AER or fractional albumin excretion (theta Alb) was seen in either group. After 3 months of enalapril treatment FF was decreased from 0.253 +/- 0.011 to 0.235 +/- 0.011 (2p less than 0.05), AER from 5.6 x/ divided by 1.7 to 4.3 x/divided by 1.6 micrograms min-1 (2p less than 0.01) and theta Alb from 1.22 +/- 0.22 x 10(-6) to 0.92 +/- 0.12 x 10(-6) (2p less than 0.02). The decline in total renal resistance was not significant (0.175 +/- 0.013 to 0.165 +/- 0.012 mmHg ml-1 min-1) and significant changes in GFR, RPF, mean arterial pressure or HbA1c were not observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1988

Chemotactic response of neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes in juvenile periodontitis measured by the Leading Front method.

Previous studies have implied that chemotaxis defects of neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) can be found in approximately 75% of patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP). In the present study, the Leading Front (LF) method was used to study whether the chemotactic response of PMNs from JP-patients differed from that of adult periodontitis (AP) patients and periodontally healthy control individuals (C). Sixteen JP-patients, 21 AP-patients, and 13 C-individuals were studied. PMNs from each individual, and from a daily reference person were tested against three chemoattractants (N-f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP), casein (CA), bacterial chemotactic factor (BCF] and a neutral buffer (Gey's solution (GEY]. Regardless of the test solution a greater difference among individuals could be observed in the JP-group than in the other groups. Apart from this, there were no differences among the groups as regards CA, BCF, and GEY. However, with FMLP, the PMNs of the JP-group had a significantly greater migration distance as compared to the other groups. This finding can probably be ascribed to the fact that the LF method detects other aspects of the PMN response than do the methods used for earlier studies of JP. The finding, in this study, of an enhanced PMN response in JP as regards FMLP may be a reflection of the presence of a non-uniform PMN population whose composition in JP differs from that of the other groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Low-dose dopamine infusion, renal haemodynamics and urinary albumin excretion rate in insulin-dependent diabetics and in normal man.

The effect of experimental renal vasodilatation by means of low-dose (2.0 micrograms/kg/min) intravenous dopamine infusion was investigated in 28 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with normal basal urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) (less than 15 micrograms/min), 9 IDDM patients with UAE between 15-200 micrograms/min (microalbuminuria), and 7 normal subjects. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (thalamate clearance) showed a small increase with dopamine infusion, in the normoalbuminuric IDDM patients from 140 +/- 20 to 146 +/- 20 ml/min (2p less than 0.01), in the microalbuminuric IDDM patients from 146 to 151 ml/min (NS), and in normal subjects from 115 +/- 16 to 122 +/- 15 (2p less than 0.05). A marked increase in renal plasma flow (RPF) (hippuran clearance) was seen in all three groups--533 +/- 82 to 724 +/- 120 ml/min (2p less than 0.01), 574 +/- 69 to 777 +/- 140 ml/min (2p less than 0.01) and 523 +/- 87 to 749 +/- 145 ml/min (2p less than 0.05), respectively. Urinary albumin excretion rate (radioimmunoassay) increased from 5.3 x/divide 1.5 (tolerance factor) to 6.5 x/divide 1.8 micrograms/min (2p less than 0.05) in the normoalbuminuric IDDM patients and from 6.1 x/divide 2.1 to 7.8 x/divide 2.3 micrograms/min (2p less than 0.05) in the normal subjects, while no significant change was seen in the microalbuminuric group of diabetics. Kidney volume (ultrasonic scanning) was significantly enhanced in IDDM patients (294 +/- 73 ml vs. 196 +/- 49 ml). There was no significant correlation between kidney volume and the renal haemodynamic response to dopamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of two methods for measurement of chemotaxis of neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro.

Measurement of chemotaxis of neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) is often performed by micropore-filter methods. However, most of these methods seem to involve considerable inter-individual, intra-individual, and day-to-day variations. The aim of this study was to compare two frequently used micropore-filter methods - the Lower Surface Count (LSC) and the Leading Front (LF) methods - in order to find the more reproducible one. Blood samples from the same individual were drawn on two different days. PMN chemotaxis and random migration was tested by a micropore-filter assay. The chemotaxis chambers were incubated for 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes, respectively. In all, 144 filters were read by both methods. The LSC method showed large variations both among identically treated filters and among readings from the same filter. These variations were as much as 10 times higher than the variations shown by the LF method. Also, the day-to-day variation was higher with the LSC method than with the LF method. Furthermore, data from the LF method were normally distributed, in contrast to data from the LSC method. Thus, the present study suggests the LF method to be superior to the LSC method in terms of reproducibility.

Caseins↗
PubMed1982

Lymphocyte and granulocyte function in zinc-treated and zinc-deficient hemodialysis patients.

Lymphocyte blast transformation and granulocyte motility were studied in 20 clinically stable hemodialysis patients, 10 of whom were receiving 50 mg of zinc (as zinc acetate) per day and 10 of whom were not. Plasma zinc concentration was significantly higher in zinc-treated than in untreated patients (108 +/- 5 vs. 82 +/- 2 micrograms/dl). Mononuclear cell subpopulation analysis showed equivalent proportions of T lymphocytes and monocytes in both groups, but B lymphocytes were reduced in untreated patients (10 +/- 0.7 vs 14 +/- 0.5%). Lymphocyte blast transformations in response to nonspecific mitogens, soluble antigen and mixed lymphocyte culture were not significantly different in the two groups, nor was lymphocyte zinc concentration. Zinc-treated patients showed significantly greater granulocyte responsiveness to zymosan-activated serum (21 +/- 1 vs. 14 +/- 2 mean), greater chemokinetic activity (50 +/- 4 vs. 27 +/- 3 mean) and higher granulocyte zinc concentration (114 +/- 6 vs. 47 +/- 2 micrograms/10(6) cells) than untreated patients. Granulocyte zinc correlated significantly with plasma zinc (r = 0.81, P less than 0.001) and with granulocyte motility (r = 0.63, P = 0.001). Moderate zinc deficiency in hemodialysis patients does not result in abnormal lymphocyte blast transformation in vitro, but it does result in granulocyte zinc depletion and impaired granulocyte motility.

Acetates↗
PubMed1968

Characterization of bacteria by their degradation of amino acids.

A procedure for detecting the degradation of amino acids by microorganisms is described, and examples of its use in the characterization of bacteria are presented. The procedure involves inoculating a buffered solution of amino acids with a suspension of bacteria, incubating, chromatographing a sample of the suspension, and detecting degradation in terms of absence of ninhydrin-positive spots.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal and glycemic determinants of glomerular hyperfiltration in normoalbuminuric diabetics.

Glomerular hyperfiltration is a characteristic feature of insulin-dependent diabetes. We examined the relative roles of renal size, as well as glycemic parameters (HbA1c, glycosylated albumin, plasma glucose) in addition to growth hormone, somatomedin C, beta-hydroxybutyrate, alanine, and glycerol in determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Sixty-two insulin-dependent patients with normal urinary albumin excretion rates (AER less than 15 micrograms/min), who were less than 50 years of age, were included in the study. Data were subjected to multiple regression analysis with GFR as a dependent variable. Renal volume was the primary statistical determinant of hyperfiltration, but HbA1c also significantly correlated with GFR. No correlation was found with glycosylated albumin or blood glucose, but RPF correlated strongly with GFR, and borderline correlation was found between renal volume and HbA1c. Renal hyperfiltration, defined as a GFR greater than 150 ml/min, was found in approximately 50% of patients with HbA1c values greater than 9.5%. Other studies suggest that such patients have a much higher risk of developing clinically evident diabetic nephropathy over the ensuing years. Renal volume appears to be the major determinant of GFR, but long-term metabolic control, as evidenced by the level of HbA1c, also contributes, partly independent of renal volume. Short-term metabolic control, as evaluated by blood glucose and serum-fructosamine, did not correlate with GFR. We suggest that exact determination of GFR and renal volume should be included in long-term prospective controlled intervention trials in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lipoproteins and diuretics in type II diabetes.

This double-blind cross-over study was performed to investigate whether the lipoproteins in plasma were different on furosemide (Lasix Retard) and thiazide (hydrochlorthiazide) treatment in patients suffering from type II diabetes. Twenty-four patients were randomly allocated to either furosemide-hydrochlorthiazide (LR-HCT) or HCT-LR treatment. The treatment period was 12 months: 6 months on each sequence. After inclusion, the patients were seen every second month. Laboratory data were recorded at each visit. The only significant treatment effect was observed for high-density-lipoprotein3 cholesterol concentration (HDL3 cholesterol concentration), which was higher when patients were on furosemide therapy (p less than 0.05). We conclude from the present study that blood-glucose HbA1c, and the concentration of lipoproteins connected to development of atherosclerosis is unaffected whether type II diabetes patients are treated with HCT or furosemide.

Aged↗