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Biomedical subjects

M M Rahman

Publications and source records attributed to M M Rahman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

An infrared study of co-adsorption of N2O and CO on ZnO.

The absorption of N(2)O and CO at room temperature on finely divided ZnO surfaces gives reversible absorption bands from surface N(2)O species in the 2237-2245, 2265-2285 and 1245-1255 cm(-1) regions. The growth of the first band is at the expense of the second while its intensity and position depends on the extent of the surface carbonate, formed by the oxidation of CO by N(2)O. The order of introduction of CO and N(2)O, and whether the ZnO surface is oxidised or reduced, gave significantly different results in terms of carbonate formation. The strongest carbonate formation and implied decomposition of N(2)O, occurs at room temperature when CO is added to preadsorbed N(2)O on an oxidised ZnO surface. A single bidentate carbonate is formed under these conditions but on heating in the gas mixture to 200 degrees C an additional, possibly monodentate, carbonate occurs together with a surface formate species.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of IgG antibody against measles, mumps and rubella in bangladeshi children: a pilot study to evaluate the need for integrated vaccination strategy.

The present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies in Bangladeshi children against measles (irrespective of vaccination status), mumps and rubella (MMR) to assess strategic need of combined vaccination for these diseases. A total of 456 children of 1 month to 15 years, were studied. Serum IgG antibodies against MMR were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By 3 months, protective IgG antibody level (>40 AU for measles and mumps and >15 IU/ml for rubella) for the diseases found to be between 50% and 80% among the studied children. Protective measles antibody (IgG) was not detected in all the children of 3-9 months and significant number of children between 9 months and 5 years were unprotected (87-65%; P < 0.001). Moreover, children of 3-15 months had no protective antibody level against mumps and significant number of children between 15 months and 5 years were unprotected (92-71%; P < 0.001). Between 5 and 15 years of age, significant number of children became protective (63-85%, P < 0.001). Although, a majority of children between 3 months and 5 years had shown to have no protective antibody against rubella (89-71%; P < 0.01-0.001) between >10 and 15 years 71% children had protective level of antibodies (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in antibody prevalence regarding socioeconomic classes, nutritional status and parental education. The data showed that: (i) a significant number of children remain unprotected against MMR in childhood and (ii) an extensive nationwide survey is required to suggest an integrated vaccination strategy in order to implement appropriate control measures of the three infectious diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Gnathostomiasis: a rare nematode infection.

Gnathostoma, primarily an animal nematode, can infect human by the third stage larva by consumption of undercooked or raw fish, poultry, or pork. In Bangladesh gnathostomiasis is a very rare condition. The first case, an ocular infection by gnathostoma was reported in 2001 from Rangpur, a northern district. This is the second case report of gnathostomiasis which also is an ocular infection, occurred in an area of greater district of Rangpur. A female patient of 32 year of age of the northern district, Nilphamari has got infected with a species of Gnathostoma, manifested by the appearance of a live larva near the right lateral margin of anterior surface of iris of her right eye. The larva was removed surgically from her eye and the patient was cured from symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Spot morning urine protein creatinine ratio and 24 hour urinary total protein excretion rate.

Proteinuria helps to establish the diagnosis of most renal diseases and also to predict the outcome of such diseases. Proteinuria is biochemically represented by measuring the protein concentration in timed collection of 24 hour urine. But, 24-hour timed urine collection is time consuming, cumbersome and often unreliable due to collection errors and also results in undue delay on diagnostic process. An alternate approach avoiding arduous and inaccurate timed urine collection can be the measurement of protein creatinine ratio in spot morning urine. This study was aimed to evaluate whether the spot morning urine protein creatinine ratio can be a reliable alternative to 24-hour urinary total protein (UTP) estimation. The study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka on 50 (fifty) non-diabetic Chronic Renal Disease (CRD) patients with an age ranging from 18 -70 years. The study subjects were grouped into mild, moderate and severe CRD on the basis of GFR. Urinary protein and creatinine concentrations were measured in spot morning urine samples and their ratios were calculated. Urinary protein measured in 24-hour timed collected urine samples gave the 24-hour UTP excretion rate. In our study, spot morning urine protein creatinine ratio significantly correlated with 24-hour UTP excretion rate in all CRD patients. Severe CRD patients gave significant positive correlation (p<0.05), whereas mild and moderate CRD patients gave very highly significant positive correlation (p<0.001). Therefore, it may be suggested that protein creatinine ratio in spot morning urine can be accepted as a reliable and alternative to 24-hour UTP excretion rate in non-diabetic chronic renal disease patients. This simple and inexpensive procedure will thus simplify the way of establishing the severity of renal disease along with its prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Rationality of drug uses: its Bangladeshi perspectives.

This review article was made on the basis of different articles, government & non- government documents. Clinically inappropriate & inefficient use of medicine is a very serious problem. It is estimated that more than half off medicines are inappropriately prescribed, dispensed or sold. Lack of access to medicines and inappropriate dose result in serious morbidity & mortality. WHO provided adequate guidelines for formulation of national use of drugs by every nation. Accordingly, Bangladesh still trying to achieve the standard, even with all hindrance. Government has given emphases on price, quality, safety, efficacy & access to drugs. Some new drugs are always introducing again some drugs are withdrawing such as rofecoxib. Monitoring use of medicines, a mandated multidisciplinary activities and sufficient government funding is critical to success.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed2006

Pygomelia or supernumerary limbs in a crossbred calf.

A crossbred (Sindhi x local indigenous) calf that was 12 days old was admitted to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chittagong Government Veterinary College, Bangladesh, with two accessory hind limbs attached to the pelvic region in between the hind legs. This was clinically identified as a congenital anomaly popularly called pygomelia. The pygomelia was successfully corrected by surgical excisions.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Soil-to-plant transfer of radiocaesium for selected tropical plant species in Bangladesh.

Soil-to-plant transfer factors (TF) of radiocaesium (137Cs) were determined under field condition for grassy vegetation grown in Bangladesh at contaminated land in the Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) campus. TF values for rice, grass and grassy/root vegetations grown in the same type of soil were also measured under pot condition. TF values of 137Cs for grassy vegetation (2.4 x 10(-2) -4.2 x 10(-2) with an average of 3.1 x 10(-2) +/-0.005) obtained under field condition were slightly lower than the values for grass and grassy/root vegetations (2.9 x 10(-2) -6.6 x 10(-2) with an average of 4.8 x 10(-2) +/-0.01 for grass and grassy vegetations and 2.3 x 10(-2) -5.6 x 10(-2) with an average of 4.0 x 10(-2) +/-0.009 for root vegetations, respectively) obtained under pot condition. However, TF values (9.0 x 10(-3) -2.6 x 10(-2) with an average of 1.9 x 10(-2) +/-0.004) obtained for rice were about a factor of 4 lower than the values obtained for grass and grassy/root vegetations. When the properties of the AERE soils as input parameters were used in the soil-plant transfer model of Absalom, the estimated TF values (4.5 x 10(-2) -6.7 x 10(-2) with an average of 5.3 x 10(-2) +/-0.006) were consistent with the measured values obtained for grass and grassy vegetations under pot condition, however, the model overestimates the TF values for rice.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2005

Arsenic and selenium in human hair: a comparison of five countries with and without arsenicosis.

The selenium (Se) content of the diet and/or selenium supplements might have an ameliorating effect on arsenic (As) toxicity as recently shown by Wang et al., Yang et al., and as reviewed by Spallholz et al.. The underlying principles of the ameliorating effect is the complexation of Se with As forming the seleno-bis (S-glutathionyl) arsinium ion excreted in bile and the complexation of Se with As in tissues forming nontoxic insoluble selenides. Additional protection afforded by Se supplementation from arsenicosis could be the elevation of glutathione peroxidase activity reducing the oxidative stress induced by As. The present study assessed the status of Se and As in hair by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Human hair samples were collected from the United States, Canada, The People's Republic of China (PRC), Bangladesh, and Nepal, the latter two countries now engaged in a struggle to find relief from human arsenicosis resulting from extensive domestic groundwater contamination by As. No statistically significant differences were observed in the samples between the Se and As content of hair from, Lubbock, Texas (USA) or Winnipeg, Canada. The concentration of As in all hair samples analyzed correlated (r = 0.960, p < 0.001) with the amount of As in the drinking water. Selenium levels in hair were highest from Nepal. The results demonstrate the viability of hair as a noninvasive biomonitor in assessing aspects of dietary Se and environmental As exposure. The hair data confirmed the known low intake of Se in the Keshan disease area of the PRC, the very high accumulation in hair of As from subjects consuming contaminated groundwaters, and an adequate Se status in subjects from North America consuming municipal water of low As content. The high As content of hair from people in Bangladesh is the result of a high As consumption from contaminated water compounded by a less than desirable intake of Se. From Nepal, the As content of hair corresponded to the known low and high intake of As from contaminated groundwater. The very high Se content found in all hair samples from Nepal might be the result of the use of henna.

Arsenic↗
PubMed2005

Camptomelic dysplasia with sex reversal.

Camptomelic dysplasia is a disorder of the newborn characterized by congenital bowing and angulation of long bones together with other skeletal and extraskeletal defects. The affected newborn had dysmorphic features with bowing of the legs and bilateral talipes equinovarus. Radiology showed marked anterior bowing of both tibia with disproportionately short fibula, anterolateral bowing of the femurs and wide pelvic outlet with small iliac wings. She had sex reversal with normal female genitalia and 46, XY karyotype. Camptomelic dysplasia is generally considered to be a lethal skeletal dysplasia and most patients die in the neonatal period due to severe respiratory distress. Survivors may have learning difficulties, developmental delay, conductive hearing loss, myopia and recurrent chest infections. Because of its high associated mortality, prenatal diagnosis of camptomelic dysplasia is mandatory. The birth of a child with skeletal dysplasia is an emotionally difficult experience for parents.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

Competitive binding of ibuprofen and naproxen to bovine serum albumin : modified form of drug-drug displacement interaction at the binding site.

The competitive binding characteristics of ibuprofen and naproxen with respect to binding site on bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by equilibrium dialysis method at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C. We studied the effect of one drug on the free concentration of another in vitro during concurrent administration. There was remarkable increase in free concentration of naproxen when ibuprofen (2x10(-5) M) was added to a 1:1 naproxen-BSA mixture (2x10(-5) M: 2x10(-5) M), suggesting that ibuprofen displaced naproxen from its binding sites. However free fraction of naproxen was not increased up to the level expected from direct competitive displacement. Free concentration of ibuprofen was hardly increased by naproxen when naproxen (2x10(-5) M) was added to the ibuprofen-BSA (1:1) mixture. But in both cases, in presence of ranitidine (site I specific probe), the free concentration of the displaced drug increased more prominently compared to that in absence of ranitidine. This result suggests that, ibuprofen displaces naproxen and vice versa from its high affinity binding site (site II) and the displaced drug rebounds to its low affinity binding site (site I) on BSA molecule. This form of modified displacement has been arbitrarily referred to as site-to-site displacement.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Radiocaesium soil-to-plant transfer in tropical environments.

In this work, soil-to-plant transfer factors of radiocaesium are predicted based on soil properties such as pH, organic matter content, exchangeable K+ and clay content valid for the tropical environments in Bangladesh, China and Japan, and using a previously published model. Due to insufficient data of soil properties in the selected regions, the average values of pH, organic matter content, exchangeable K+ and clay content were taken as the input model parameters within the ranges given for Asia. Nevertheless, a complete set of soil properties of Japanese soils was used to compare the measured and calculated TF values of radiocaesium for radish. The calculated TF values for radiocaesium are comparable with the measured values especially for leafy parts of a plant. However, calculated values for rice, an important crop in Asia are found to overestimate the measured values due to an overestimate of calculated CECs in soils in the selected regions. The empirical parameters used in the model need to be re-evaluated for the specific part of a plant and/or for a variety of different plants. Alternatively, a general conversion factor for each part of a plant and/or for a variety of different plants for a specific region is suggested for tropical environments.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2004

The prevalence of glaucoma in Bangladesh: a population based survey in Dhaka division.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Few studies have reported on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of glaucoma in south Asia. This project aimed to determine the prevalence of glaucoma of Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHOD: A multistage, stratified, clustered sample was drawn from Dhaka Division, Bangladesh, using systematic sampling to identify individual subjects aged 35 years and older. Examination of all subjects included Snellen visual acuity, slit lamp examination (including gonioscopy and applanation tonometry) and a stereoscopic assessment of the vertical cup:disc ratio (CDR). In selected subjects, a threshold visual field examination was performed. Glaucoma was diagnosed on the basis of statistical abnormality of the vertical CDR combined with an abnormal visual field test, or in subjects with advanced glaucoma who could not complete field testing, a grossly abnormal CDR. If it was not possible to examine the optic discs and the subject was blind, glaucoma was diagnosed on the basis of a raised intraocular pressure. RESULTS: Of 3562 eligible subjects, 2347 were examined (66%). Among people aged 40 years and older, the prevalence of definite glaucoma was 2.1% (95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 2.9; 39 people). The prevalence of definite and probable glaucoma was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.4 to 4.0; 58 people) in subjects of the same age. Primary open angle glaucoma was the most common form of glaucoma, accounting for 75% of the total. Among cases of blindness not attributable to refractive error, 5% were caused by glaucoma. Glaucoma prevalence was higher in men than women, but did not show the typical increase with age. CONCLUSION: Glaucoma prevalence is relatively high in Bangladesh, although it accounts for only a small proportion of blindness in the community. It is estimated that there are approximately 586 000 people 40 years and older with definite or probable glaucoma in Bangladesh.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology for diagnosis of mass lesions of liver.

The therapeutic and prognostic evaluation of malignant neoplasia of liver depends mostly on morphologic diagnosis. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of liver has been proved to be a rapid, reliable and cost-effective method for cytological diagnosis of hepatic mass lesions. This study was undertaken to find out the frequency of different benign and malignant space occupying lesions (SOL) of liver from patients attending for FNAC in Mymensingh. Ultrasound guided FNAC was performed on 108 patients with hepatic mass lesions from September 2, 2001 to August 19, 2003. There were 67 (62.0%) males and 41 (37.96%) females with a mean age 53 year (SD +/- 14) ranging from 2 to 83 years. Samples were adequate in 101 (93.5%) and inadequate in 7 (6.5%). Out of 101 adequate samples only one was benign (liver abscess) and 100 were malignant. Of the malignant lesions hepatoblastoma was in 1 (1%), hepatocellular carcinomas in 8 (8%), metastatic adenocarcinomas in 73 (73%) and unclassified malignancies were in 18 (18%). Most of the hepatocellular carcinomas occurred in males (7 in 8). The frequency of metastatic adenocarcinoma was more in males (39 vs. 34) but the difference is not significant (p > 0.05). Ultrasound guided FNAC of liver is a rapid, reliable and cost-effective diagnostic method. It can be practice in any centres where ultrasound facility and specialist pathologists are available.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Metabolic and stress responses of the body to trauma: produced by the laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is regarded as gold standard therapy for symptomatic gall stone disease. This study was done to compare the metabolic and stress responses between open and lapraroscopic cholecystectomy and to evaluate their significance in postoperative recovery. Thirty patients with symptomatic gall stone disease were treated with open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy on elective basis (14 versus 16). Three samples of blood were collected from each patient to investigate serum cortisol, adrenaline, nor-adrenaline, C-reactive protein and blood glucose level. The mean age of patients was 41.86+/-10.13 blood glucose and stress hormones (cortisol, adrenaline, nor adrenaline) and C-reactive protein all were found significantly raised in the postoperative period in open cholecystectomy than laparoscopic cholecystectomy group. The postoperative recovery was also prolonged in the open group. The obvious clinical advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy over open cholecystectomy is mainly because of less metabolic and stress response.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Antimicrobial use in paediatric wards of teaching hospitals in Bangladesh.

To ascertain the pattern of antimicrobial use and to assess its appropriateness a 4-month prospective study was conducted from January through April 1998 in paediatric wards of five selected medical college hospitals in Bangladesh. The hospitals were selected by simple random technique. Every patient in the paediatric wards of the selected hospitals who was being treated with antimicrobials during the data collection period was considered for the study. The treatment charts of 2171 admitted paediatric patients were reviewed. Pneumonia and diarrhoea were the two most common infectious diseases among them. The most commonly used antimicrobials were ampicillin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin and ceftriaxone. The majority of the admitted paediatric patients (56.1%) included in this study received two or more antimicrobials in combination for their treatment. The percentages of appropriate antimicrobial treatment of pneumonia, and diarrhoea were 57.1% and 67.8% respectively across the hospitals. The evident of high percentages of inappropriate antimicrobial treatment for the most common infectious diseases suggested the need for intervention to improve antimicrobial use in hospitals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy.

This was a prospective analytical study done from October'99 through December 2000 to observe the clinical profile of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy. Sixty epileptic children with cerebral palsy were studied and their results were compared with the results of epilepsy in 30 developmentally normal children. Ages of all children studied were 1-15 years. Majority were below five years of age and male out numbered female. Spastic quadriplegia (60%) was the commonest type of cerebral palsy. Generalized tonic-clonic seizure (66%) was the commonest seizure type in both groups. Second most common type of seizure was partial (13%) and myoclonic (29%) in developmentally normal and cerebral palsy children respectively. Mental retardation (63%) and speech delay (58%) were the two common associated problems in cerebral palsy patients. Ventriculomegaly (55%) was the commonest computed tomographic findings in cerebral palsy patients. In electro encephalography generalized epileptiform activity was the commonest finding in both groups. Clinical pattern is different in many ways when epilepsy is associated with cerebral palsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Why a hexabromodiquinoline host preferentially includes small aromatic hydrocarbon guests.

The preparation and properties of the new hexabromodiquinoline derivative 4 are described. This lattice inclusion host shows a strong preference for trapping small aromatic hydrocarbons. The X-ray crystal structures of the benzene, toluene, o-xylene, and p-xylene compounds are reported, and are analysed from a crystal engineering perspective. Crystallisation of 4 from the dual-nature solvent trifluoromethylbenzene yields the solvent-free material. Comparison of the parent crystal structure with those of its inclusion compounds reveals why inclusion of aromatic hydrocarbon guests is such a favoured process. The high concentration of Br...Br interactions in the structure of pure 4 is diluted and increasingly replaced by aromatic offset face-face (OFF) and aromatic edge-face (EF) interactions in the inclusion compounds, and this results in better lattice packing energies. For toluene, o-xylene, and p-xylene the host-guest ratio is 1:1. Inclusion of the smaller benzene molecule results in a change to 2:3 stoichiometry. This increase in guest content is assisted by replacement of host-host OFF and EF motifs with host-host pi-halogen dimer (PHD) interactions, which provide space for inclusion of the additional guest molecules. These changes result in the most efficient lattice packing of the series for compound (4)2.(benzene)3.

Journal Article↗