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Biomedical subjects

M M Ravitch

Publications and source records attributed to M M Ravitch.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Differences in susceptibility of rat strains to experimental infection with Taenia teaniaeformis.

Age-matched, outbred, female, Sprague-Dawley-derived rats from different commercial suppliers were compared for their susceptibility to the establishment and growth of Taenia taeniaeformis. Two of the strains, Spb:[SD] and Kng:[SD], gave very similar results, but the third, Hap:[SD]f, was considerably less receptive. Approximately one in eight of the Hap:[SD]f rats proved refractory to infection, and worm growth was slower and more variable than in Spb:[SD] rats. Male Spb:[SD] rats were not detectably different from females in susceptibility or parasite growth rate. Female rats of four different inbred lines all accepted infection, though the proportion of infective eggs giving rise to hepatic cysts differed. These differences, however, were overshadowed by variations observed in susceptibility of inbred rats of the same strain (Wistar-Lewis) purchased from different commercial suppliers. The results emphasize the need for careful standardization of laboratory procedures and rat strains for experimentation with this host-parasite system. In addition, they illustrate the dangers of extrapolation from the extensive literature of the influence of rat strain and sex on susceptibility to infection with T. taeniaeformis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Experimental evaluation of techniques of gastric partitioning for morbid obesity.

Fifty stapled gastric partitions were performed upon dogs using five techniques, three of which used strips of Marlex or Teflon to reinforce the staple line. At autopsy, five weeks after operation, 22 of 50 partitions were intact and 19 of 50 were completely disrupted. Nine of 50 dogs died of leak and peritonitis within three days of operation. The incidence of disruption was not significantly reduced by reinforcing the stapled partitions with Teflon or Marlex, but the incidence of leak and peritonitis which resulted in death was significantly higher with reinforced partitions, P less than or equal to 0.05. Disruption of the staple line appears to begin at the partition opening and proceeds laterally from that point. Distortion of staples was noted in most of the intact partitions, and in several, the staples remained closed but pulled through the full thickness of the anterior gastric wall. Dilation of the partition opening was noted with each technique. It is our impression from the experiments and the reported clinical experience with ever-changing operative techniques that mucosa-to-mucosa stapling of the undivided stomach is not a reliable technique for gastric partitioning and that additional measures to ensure the success of this simple technique may lead to other complications. At this point, we do not know of an operative technique for the treatment of morbid obesity which we consider to be both safe and effective enough for us to use.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Studies in intestinal healing VI. Effect of pharmacologically induced peristalsis on fresh intestinal anastomoses in dogs.

This study was devised to disclose any harmful effect of stimulation of the bowel by neostigmine (Prostigmin), alone, or in combination with castor oil in 220 canine anastomoses (60 stapled, 60 two-layer silk and catgut inverted, and 100 one-layer silk everted) performed in enteroenterostomies, ileocolostomies, and colocolostomies. Two techniques were used for the one-layer everted anastomoses--a through-and-through simple interrupted ("Navy") and a horizontal mattress interrupted. One hundred and ten experimental dogs received neostigmine intramuscularly on each of the first three postoperative days. Forty-five of these dogs also received castor oil orally on the first two postoperative days. Peristalsis induced by neostigmine, alone or in combination with castor oil, has no deleterious effect on stapled or conventional two-layer inverted or one-layer Navy everted anastomoses of small bowel or colon, but adversely affects the one-layer "mattress" closure in the colon. Dogs with induced peristalsis had their first evacuation sooner and ate sooner.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Laminated Marlex-methyl methacrylate prosthesis for massive chest wall resection.

Room temperature-curing methyl methacrylate has been sandwiched between two layers of Marlex mesh and molded in the operating room to achieve chest wall stability following an extensive anterolateral resection. Reliable coverage with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap has made this simple, aesthetically pleasing, and firm reconstruction practical, even in a patient who received high-dose irradiation.

Breast↗
PubMed1980

Mechanical sutures in esophageal surgery.

Precise, safe and expeditious suturing of the esophagus to the stomach or the small or large bowel is required in procedures designed to re-establish continuity following esophagogastrectomy, partial or total esophagectomy and total gastrectomy, and to control exsanguinating hemorrhage from ruptured esophageal varcies. In the anastomosis of the esophagus to the stomach, small or large bowel, and in the control of hemorrhage from bleeding esophageal varices by a modified Tanner-Boerema procedure, the EEA, the GIA (loaded with SGIA cartridges) and the TA-55 stapling instruments significantly facilitate and simplify these operations.

Colostomy↗
PubMed1980

Asymmetric congenital deformity of the ribs. Collapse of the right side of the chest.

A congenital deformity of the chest is described in which all of the ribs and costal cartilages on the right side are deeply depressed, the apex of the depression being much farther lateral than is usual in pectus excavatum. The sternum is not depressed or scaphoid but is usually rotated to the right, sometimes markedly. The right breast is smaller than the left breast. Four of the patients were female and one was male. A single unsatisfactory experience demonstrated that rigid internal fixation is required. In the other four patients, triple section of the costochondral elements and appropriate elevation and fixation to Steinmann pins passed through the derotated sternum and to a Rehbein splint passed anterior to the sternum have given excellent results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A stapling instrument for end-to-end inverting anastomoses in the gastrointestinal tract.

A stapling instrument is described for end-to-end inverting anastomoses applicable principally to low rectal anastomosis or esophagogastric or esophagojejunal anastomosis. The instrument creates an inverting anastomosis held by a double staggered row of stainless steel wire staples creating an anastomosis 21.2 mm internal diameter with no significant inverted flange. The early experience is encouraging.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The price of weight loss by jejunoileal shunt.

In the performance of end-to-end jejunoileal shunt, operative mortality can be nearly eliminated and late deaths largely prevented by assiduous care and follow-up. We attempted to prevent serious complications by regular outpatient visits. However, 703 outpatient visits costing $49.00 per visit failed to improve results. There were 170 readmissions among 64 patients lasting 4--57 days (average hospital stay--16 days per admission at $3,000.00). Twenty-four of those patients alive and followed 18 months or more (53%) sustained adequate weight loss and were free of major problems. Patient satisfaction nevertheless appears high, and when there has been a good weight loss, even severe problems tend to be glossed over by the patient. The ultimate outcome is still unknown, but it seems clear that many of the patients are in a state of controlled malnutrition, which may lead to progressive penalties. We have documented gross pathologic lesions in the bypass enteritis syndrome and draw attention to neurologic sequelae of the bypass, which probably represents deficiency manifestations. Despite brilliant results in some patients and satisfactory results in perhaps half, the cost in life, suffering, dollars, patient and physician time, the uncertain long-term effects, and the unpredictability of the weight loss, all place in question the appropriateness of jejunoileal shunt as the remedy for morbid obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Intussusception.

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Humans↗