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Biomedical subjects

M M Rodríguez

Publications and source records attributed to M M Rodríguez.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Resistance to organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides in Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in 2 municipalities of the City of Havana].

We determined the resistance of 2 Blattella germanica strains collected in 2 municipalities of City of Havana--Playa (P) and Centro Habana (CH)--to six insecticides: malathion, pyrimiphos-methyl, propoxur, cipermetrine, deltametrine, and lambda cialotrine. The P strain showed resistance only to deltametrine (FR = 80); the CH strain was susceptible to propoxur and lambda cialotrine and resistant to malathion (FR = 12), pyrimiphosmethyl (FR = 13), cipermetrine (FR = 16), and deltametrine (FR = 100). Gene frequency of increased esterases and of the modified acetylcholinesterase was determined in the 2 strains. The values of increased esterases in the two collected strains were: P = 0.90; and CH = 0.91. Values of the modified acetylcholinesterase in the two strains were: P = 0.47; and CH = 0.12.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

[Congenital hypothyroidism].

A case of primary congenital hipothyroidism, with acentuated symptoms of myxdema together with great psychic and physical deficiency, is referred to. The out standing clinical findings were an increase in pubic hair and sings to right ventricular hypertrophy, whose pathogeny is commented. The clinical evolution after three years of treatment, and the necessity of begining treatment as early as possible so as to obtain greater efficiency in the recuperation of psychic deficency, is also referred to.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Are personnel in transplant hospitals in favor of cadaveric organ donation? Multivariate attitudinal study in a hospital with a solid organ transplant program.

INTRODUCTION: A considerable number of professionals who work in a hospital could be against organ donation, which means that when the time comes, they could act as an obstacle to donation. The objective of this study was to analyze the attitude of hospital professionals toward organ donation and to determine the factors that influence this attitude in a Spanish center with a transplant program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in a third-level Spanish hospital with a solid organ transplant program. A random sample was taken (n = 1262) and stratified by job category and type of service. Attitude was evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Contact was made in each service with the person responsible for each of the job categories in order to distribute the survey. The survey was completed anonymously and was self-administered. Student's t-test, the chi-squared test, and logistic regression analysis were applied in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The survey completion rate was 93% (n = 1168). Most respondents were in favor of donation [69% (n = 808)]. Of those who are not in favor, 29% (n = 105) provide fear of apparent death as the reason whilst most do not give a reason (negative assertion; 57%; n = 206). There are many factors related to this attitude toward donation, which are evident in the multivariate analysis: (i) job category, in which physicians are twice as likely to be in favor of donation than ancillary personnel (OR = 2.02); (ii) a respondent's knowledge of brain death (OR = 1.64); (iii) having discussed the matter of organ donation and transplantation within the family (OR = 1.89); (iv) a preference for other options apart from burial (OR = 3.66); (v) being in favor of the performance of autopsy if it were necessary (OR = 2.76); (vi) not being concerned about mutilation of the cadaver (OR = 2); and (vii) having a partner with a favorable attitude toward donation (OR = 2.2). CONCLUSIONS: Attitude toward cadaveric organ donation among personnel in a transplant hospital is similar to that described in the general public and is determined by many factors. The following factors are most noteworthy: (i) job category; (ii) knowledge of the concept of brain death; (iii) consideration of the matter of donation in the family; and (iv) fear of manipulation of the cadaver. In view of this attitude, which is similar to that of the general public, it is necessary to carry out promotion activities if we want to increase cadaveric donation rates.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infections in children with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an autopsy study of 30 cases in south Florida, 1990-1993.

Thirty autopsies performed on infants and children with HIV infection and/or AIDS were reviewed for the presence and type of infection. Twenty-six (87%) demonstrated evidence of infection in addition to HIV at the time of postmortem examination. Pathogenic bacterial infectious were the most frequently encountered, seen in 15 of the cases. Nine of the 15 (60%) were due to gram-negative rods, most commonly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infections with gram-negative organisms often involved multiple organ systems and were frequently undiagnosed both pre- and postmortem because of variability in culture results and difficulties in identification both clinically and in tissue sections. Discussion is presented of unusual staining characteristics and filamentous morphology found with these pathogens. Other pathogenic bacteria encountered were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., and Staphylococcus. Fungal infections due to Candida species were present in nine cases (31%) but were invasive in only two of these. One instance of Aspergillus meningo-encephalitis was noted. Proven viral infections were present in five children (three cytomegalovirus, one herpes simplex, and one adenovirus). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in five of the patients (17%), and one instance of disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare was encountered.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative analysis of resistance to insecticides in strains of Culex quinquefasciatus, from Camagüey].

The organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid resistance levels in 14 strains of Culex quinquefasciatus from Camagüey were studied by bioassays and biochemical tests in larvae with or without synergists. The use of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel (PAGE) allowed to identify 8 patterns of esterases, among which A3A6B6, BiB6 and B1A6B6 were the most frequent. It was observed that 6 years after the suspension of malathion, there is still resistance to this product. There was also cross resistance to propoxur. Detoxification mechanisms for deltamethryn are being developed. The most important physiological mechanisms were: elevated esterases in the resistance to malathion, modified AchE for propoxur and oxidases of multiple function for deltamethryn. In relation to the genic frequencies, the modified AchE mechanisms was more extended than that of the elevated esterases in these populations of mosquitoes of the central region of Cuba.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Levels of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in a strain of Aedes aegypti of Santiago de Cuba].

As a result of the most recent dengue outbreak in Santiago de Cuba province, a strain of this vector was studied to determine the levels of sensitivity and/or resistance to organophosphate and pyrethoid insecticides. The results of bioassays showed low levels of resistance to fention, malathion and deltametrine, moderate levels of resistance to temephos, metyl-pirimifos and cipermetrine and high levels of resistance to chlorpirifios. According to the results obtained from the use of S.S.S. phosphotrithiate trybutil synergist, it was shown that esterases play an important role in resistance to temephos and chlorpirifos. Piperonyl butoxide synergist disclosed that multifunction oxidases were not involved in the resistance to any of the evaluated insecticides. Biochemical techniques were applied to detect esterase-, glutathione-S-transferase- and acetylcholineaterase-mediated resistance mechanisms of Aedes aegypti. In accordance with the high frequency values observed in each of the mechanisms, it was proved that esterases and glutathione-S-transferase were involved in the insecticide resistance but acetylcholinesterases were not. However, acetylcholinesterase gen was found in Aedes aegypti for the first time though at low frequency. The polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis made it possible to observe a well-stained band with a relative mobility value of 0.779; this band was called A4 it was not observed in the reference strain and may be associated to organophosphate resistance which remains to be proved in future research.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characterization of resistance to organophosphate insecticides, carbamates, and pyrethroids in Culex quinquefasciatus from the State of Miranda, Venezuela].

Resistance of Culex quinquefasciatus from Miranda, Venezuela to the organophosphate insecticides malathion and chlorpirifos was higher than 30x whereas resistance to pyrethroids metylpirimifos, fention, cipametrine, deltametrine, permetrine and lambdacyalotrine and to organochlorate DDT was lower than 4x. Resistance mechanisms were analyzed with piperonyl butoxide synergist (multifunction oxidases) and S.S.S. phosphotrithiate tributyl (DEF, esterase inhibitor). Multifunction oxidases did not play a significant role in resistance to organophosphate insecticides and carbamate; however, esterases were only mechanisms of resistance to malathion and chlorpirifos. The only insecticide affected by DEF and PB was cipermetrine. Biochemical tests revealed a very low frequency of the altered acetylcholinesterase mechanism (0.13). Esterase frequencies were high (1). Electrophoresis exposed the B1, A6 and B6 esterase phenotypes.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Resistance to insecticides in Blattella germanica species strains from Santiago de Cuba].

A study was conducted on the level of resistance to seven insecticides, namely, 3 organophosphate compounds (malathion, chlorpyrifos and pirimiphos-methyl), one carbamate (propoxur) and 1 pyrethroid (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and lambdacialotrine) of three field-collected strains of Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767) from Santiago de Cuba. These strains showed high resistance levels to malathion, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and lambdacialotrine and low resistance to pirimiphos-methyl, and also they were susceptible to chlorpyrifos and propoxur. The levels of resistance to tested organophosphate insecticides such as malathion and pirimiphos-methyl and to pyrethroid compounds like cypermethrin, deltamethrin and lambdacialotrine may be related to the increased production of esterases as a mechanism of resistance. The value of frequency of the resistant genes for enzyme acetylcholinesterase was very low, therefore, the modified acetylcholinesterase is not involved in resistance to insecticides tested in the studied strains from Santiago de Cuba.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Course of insecticide resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a region of La Habana].

The use of malathion to control mosquitoes in Cuba during 7 years until 1986 selected 2 resistance mechanisms: that of elevated activity of nonspecific esterases and that of altered acetylcholinesterase (Ache) in Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). In Havana, specifically in the area under study (Quibú River), malathion was replaced by cypermethrin in 1987 and cycles of treatment with cypermethrin have been intensively used since 1987 up to now when the populations of Aedes or Culex increase. In Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) from the Quibú River the resistance levels, mainly to malathion, declined significantly from 1986 to 1997. An increase of resistance to pyrethroid was observed during that period of 11 years. The mechanism of elevated esterases rose to a frequency of 1 and there was also an increase in the frequency of the mechanism of Ache. The esterase B1, responsible for the resistance to malathion, but not to pyrethroid, was selected in this population until 1986. Starting from the use of pyrethroid for the control in this area, 2 new phenotypes of esterases named A6 and B6, apparently related to pyrethroid resistance, were selected.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adaptation of microtitration plate methods for quantification of the activity of esterases and glutathione-s-transferase in Aedes aegypti].

The detection techniques for the activity of non-specific esterases and glutathione-s-transferase in Culex quinquefasciatus were modified to detect such enzymes in Aedes aegypti(L). The optimal concentration values of substrate (saturating concentration) and the optimum reading time for reaction were determined for each enzyme by using 4 Aedes aegypti strains: one from Cuba 2 from Venezuela and one susceptible reference strain. The frequency of non-specific esterases turned out to be 0.76 in MIRANDA 0.42 in ARAGUA and 1 in SANTIAGO DE CUBA in which the highest frequency value of this mechanisms was reached. The frequency of glutathione-s-transferase mechanism was 0.45 in ARAGUA 0.043 in MIRANDA and 1 in SANTIAGO DE CUBA. For the first time in Cuba a set of biochemical techniques was available for detecting the resistance mechanisms of Aedes aegypti which made it possible to create sound foundations for the easy rapid detection of the resistance of this species the main dengue vector in the Americas.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[High esterases as mechanism of resistance to organophosphate insecticides in Aedes aegypti strains].

Five strains of Aedes aegypti L. one from Cuba and 4 from Venezuela were evaluated to determine their resistance to organophosphate insecticides (temephos, chlorpiriphos and pirimiphos methyl). In the Venezuelan strains only APURE showed resistance to temephos. In TACHIRA and MIRANDA moderate resistance values were noted (FR50 5 to 10x) for chlorpiriphos and high levels of resistance (FR > 10x) to this insecticide were found in ARAGUA. All the Venezuelan strains showed high levels of resistance to pirimiphos methyl. The Cuban strain from Santiago de Cuba revealed moderate resistance to temephos and pirimiphos methyl, but high resistance to chlorpiriphos. The results of the biochemical tests proved the presence of esterase and glutathione-s-transferase at high frequency in almost every strain. By the polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis, a strongly stained band was observed in all the strains with a Rf value of 0.779; it was named esterase A4 and was not seen in the susceptible reference strain. The meaning of this esterase in the resistance to organophosphate insecticides is yet to be determined. Resistance to these insecticides in Aedes aegypti is a serious problem for the control of this species therefore integrated management strategies were proposed to prevent or delay the appearance of this species in Cuba and Venezuela.

Aedes↗