Biomedical subjects

M M Salama

Publications and source records attributed to M M Salama.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

Prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis haematobium among school children in respect of family social conditions in a village in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.

A probability sample (n = 2000) of primary and preparatory school children (6-15 years old) in a rural area, in the eastern part of Nile Delta, Egypt, were examined for S. haematobium eggs using the sedimentation technique. A sub-sample, consisting of all children whose urine samples were positive, was subjected to short interview and urine examination for egg counting using the modern monofilament polyamide (Nytrel) filters. The overall prevalence of S. haematobium was 5.5% with significant (P < 0.05) difference between males (7.9%) and females (3.1%). The sample mean egg count was 163 eggs/10 ml urine, while those of males and females were 625 and 52, respectively (P < 0.001). The age category 9-12 years old had the highest prevalence rate and mean egg count. Also, these patients had highest frequency distributions in the severe grade of infection intensity. Significant relationships were detected between fathers' occupation and mothers' education on one hand and mean egg counts and intensity grade of infection on the other hand.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Serological and histopathological studies on toxoplasma Gondii among the workers and the slaughtered animals in Tanta Abattoir, Gharbia Governorate.

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the important zoonotic parasite of worldwide zoological and geographical distribution. In this paper, Toxoplasma antibodies were investigated among workers (21) and slaughtered animals (258) in Tanta abattoir. The indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT) was positive among workers (52.4%) at titers 1/64, 1/256, 1/512 and slaughtered animals (44.1%), at titers > 1:64. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT done for animals only) was positive (48.8%) at titers 1/40. Histopathological study on infected prescapular lymph nodes of the examined animals showed different clinical pictures, which coincided with the serological results. It was concluded that meat should not be consumed uncooked or undercooked.

Abattoirs↗

PubMed1995

Four species of house dust mites recovered from houses of patients with allergic respiratory diseases.

Arthropods and their products are wide spread and considered one of the common allergens affecting man. Allergy to arthropod antigens is the major cause of respiratory allergy as rhinitis and bronchial asthma. The range of reaction depends on several factors which include the type and source of the material, the rate of intensity, the duration of exposure, the human immune response and history of prior exposure. Successful management of allergic disease depends on proper identification of the causative allergen and reduce exposure to this allergen. Generally speaking, the house dust is not a simple substance but an accumulation of living and non living parts as mites, pollens, molds, dander and decaying insects. In the present study, four species of mites were isolated from the dust collected from the houses of patients with allergic respiratory diseases. The species were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae, Ornithonyssus bacoti and Haemogamassus pontiger. The two species of Dermatophagoides. were the predominant mites which are known to produce the most potent allergies. Studying the serum immunoglobulins level showed that the IgE had a highly significant concentration among respiratory allergic patients (28) with (5) or without (23) atopic dermatitis. It was concluded that house dust mites, that cause inhalant allergens, are one of the main aetiological factors of allergic respiratory diseases, with or without atopic dermatitis.

Allergens↗

PubMed1995

Studies on the bionomics and vector competence of adult anopheline mosquitoes in El Faiyum Governorate, Egypt.

Malaria is by far the most important parasitic tropical disease, causing great suffering and loss of money and life. Its prevalence and incidence varies throughout the world. In Egypt, it is an ancient disease. Nowadays, it causes sporadic cases and sometimes limited outbreaks, mainly in El Faiyum Governorate where it has been endemic since several decades. It seems that the environmental and climatic conditions e.g. population habits and the fauna and flora favour the indigenous transmission in this governorate. To carry out feasible anti-vectorial measures, all vectorial activities should be critically known. This paper aimed to throw some light on the parasitological aspects of adult anopheline mosquitoes in El Faiyum Governorate. The results showed the presence of four species of Anopheles; (1) A. (C.) Pharoensis, (2) A. (C.) sergenti, (3) A. (C.) multicolor and (4) A. (A.) tenebrosus (= coustani). The most common species was A. pharoensis, followed by A. sergenti and A. multicolor. The least common was A. tenebrosus. The highly infested area with Anopheles species was Sinouris and the least was El Siliyien. The bionomics and the vector competence of the adults of the four species were studied.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Mucosal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in Saudi Arabia.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL.) which is called Espundia, and Uta is confined to South and Central America. In this form of leishmaniasis, the reticulo-endothelial system of the mucous membrane of the mouth, nose and throat is parasitized. It causes chronic ulceration of the mucous membranes with destruction of the bone and cartilage of the nose and mouth. In this study, two cases of mucosal leishmaniasis were recorded in two boys. In one patient, a primary lesion was identified on the patient's neck. In the second patient, no lesion or scar of old lesion or even history of leishmaniasis was reported. The causative agent was typed biochemically and proved to be Leishmania tropica.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Studies on anopheline larvae in El Faiyum Governorate, Egypt.

In Egypt, malaria is still reported as sporadic cases or small outbreaks particularly in El Faiyum Governorate. This paper aimed to identify and to study the breeding and seasonal activities of anopheline larvae. Spot light surveys were carried out in five different ecological areas (Karoun Lake, El Fedemean, El Siliyien, Kom-Osheim and Sinouris) from September 1991 to August 1992. Three species of Anopheles larvae were encountered: A. (Cellia) pharoensis (43%), A. (Cellia) sergenti (29.8%) and A. (Cellia) multicolor (27.2%). Several type of breeding places were encountered for the three species. A. pharoensis preferred clear, shallow, stagnant water with thick growth of vegetations an shae especially in rice fields. A. sergenti preferred clean, shallow to deep stagnant or slow-moving water with vegetations especially in small water collections in grassy areas and under palm trees. A. multicolor preferred shallow, stagnant water, sometimes partially exposed to sunlight especially in seepage water. The breeding waters for the three species were alkaline. Seasonal study of the anopheline larvae were conducted in three villages: Abheit El Hagar, El Zawia El Khadra and Tersa, in Sinouris Center during the year 1993. A. pharoensis larvae were abundant in the three villages in June, July, August and September with a peak in June. No breeding was noticed in January and February. A. sergenti larvae were abundant from September to November in the three villages, the lowest density was recorded in January and July in Abheit, in April in El Zawia and in June in Tersa. No breeding in February in the three villages was noticed and also in March in Abheit and Tersa. A multicolor larvae were recorded in Abheit and Tersa. In Abheit, the highest density was recorded in November with no breeding in January, February, March and June while in Tersa, the highest density was recorded in October and November with no breeding in January, February, March, April, July and December. The whole results were discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) versus immunoglobulins (IgG., IgM., and IgE.) in Egyptian scabietic children.

The tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha or Cachectin) is a protein produced mainly by macrophages, with a wide range of biological activities and in inflammatory process. On the other hand, scabies is a skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei which is typified by severe itching (particularly at night), red papules and often secondary infection. The female mite tunnels in the skin to lay her eggs and the newly hatched mites pass easily from person to person by contact. Commonly the infested areas are the groin, penis, nipples and the skin between the fingers. In this paper, the serum levels of TNF-alpha versus IgG., IgM., and IgE. were estimated in parasitologically proven scabietic male children (8-13 years) with no secondary infection or other parasitic infection. The results showed high significant elevation of serum TNF-alpha in 94.1% (P = 7.763E-04) and IgE in 100% (P = 1.530E-07) in the scabietic patients than in the control group, and non significant increase in IgG in 47% (P = 0.0605) and in IgM in 5.9% (P = 0.9404). It was concluded that TNF-alpha plays a role in the pathogenesis of human scabies. Extensive study is ongoing to clarify the outcome of TNF-alpha in human scabies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Cervicovaginal prolactin: a marker for spontaneous preterm delivery.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether the presence of prolactin in cervicovaginal washings is associated with preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort of 80 patients underwent a washing of the ectocervix and vaginal fornices with a normal saline solution. The cohort consisted of two groups: 40 inpatients requiring tocolysis and 40 asymptomatic outpatients. The saline solution aspirates were centrifuged, the supernatant was stored at -70 degrees C, and a radioimmunoassay for prolactin was run in batch fashion. A prolactin concentration greater than the detection limit of the assay was considered a positive test result. RESULTS: Prolactin was identified in significantly more symptomatic patients than asymptomatic controls (50% vs 5%, p < 0.0001). In symptomatic patients cervicovaginal prolactin had an 80% positive predictive value and a 65% negative predictive value for delivery at < or = 34 weeks' gestation. Patients testing positive for prolactin had significantly shorter latency from testing to delivery (16 +/- 17 vs 34 +/- 24 days, p = 0.02) and had significantly lower birth weights (1985 +/- 729 vs 2583 +/- 696 gm, p = 0.01) compared with patients testing negative. Prolactin was also identified in two asymptomatic patients, both of whom were delivered before term. CONCLUSIONS: Cervicovaginal prolactin is a biochemical marker for preterm delivery, a shorter latency period to delivery, and lower birth weight in symptomatic patients. This test may also prove to be a valuable marker for preterm birth in asymptomatic women.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Scanning electron microscope observations on Parapharyngodon bulbosus (Linstow, 1899) (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) from Egyptian Chalcides ocellatus.

The oxyurid nematode Parapharyngodon bulbosus was collected from the lizard Chalcides ocellatus from Egypt. Male and female worms were described by light and scanning electron microscopes. The specific characteristics of the worms were defined, including; mouth opening, cuticular surface of the body, genital cone and genital papillae in the male.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Congenital toxoplasmosis among premature infants with different clinical pictures in Saudi Arabia.

No doubt, toxoplasmosis is a prevalent infection in all the Arab countries. However, the incidence differs from one country to another and even within the same country. Congenital toxoplasmosis is the most important form of the infection. In the present study, some 78 premature infants with different clinical pictures were examined for Toxoplasma IgG (by IHAT and ELISA) and Toxoplasma IgM (by ELISA). The results showed Toxoplasma IgG ranging between 32.1% (IHAT) and 46.2% (ELISA) while IgM (ELISA) was 23.1%. The highest positivity rate was among those suffering jaundice and the lowest was among those suffering fever of unknown origin. Protection of women particularly pregnant ones, from Toxoplasma infection is a must.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Scaning electron microscopy of Capillaria muris sylvatici from Clethrionomys glareolus with reference to the zoonotic species.

Species of the genus Capillaria are numerous. Many of them are parasites of different species of vertebrates, including man, causing various pathological manifestations. The taxonomy of the capillariids is a complicated one. In the present study, light and scanning electron microscopes were used to illustrate and clarify the taxonomic features of Capillaria muris sylvatici. This capillus or hair nematode was recovered from the vole Clethrionomys glareolus. The results were discussed with reference to the species encountered in the medical and veterinary fields.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Laboratory study on the molluscicidal effect of Earth Tec: an environmentally responsible copper sulfate product.

Studies were carried out, under laboratory conditions to evaluate the molluscicidal activity of Earth Tec on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. Earth Tec is an environmentally responsible copper sulfate product manufactured and marketed as an algicide/bactericide with an active ingredient form of copper ion (Cu++). A single application, of 1 ppm of copper equivalent, for 24 hours caused 100% mortality rate of the snails. Exposure for 48 hours to 1 ppm and 2 weeks to 0.25 ppm caused mortality rates of 84% and 100% respectively. It was concluded that this chemical compound is a promising molluscicide. Field studies are ongoing and will be published in due time.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Seropositivity against pediculosis in children with cervical lymphadenopathy.

Unlike most arthropod ectoparasites, all human lice spend their entire lives on their hosts. This paper aimed to study the correlation between lice infestation and lymphadenopathy on one hand, and the serum levels of immunoglobulins on the other hand. The association of lymphadenopathy (cervical) and lice infestation is explained by the fact that lymph nodes are stimulated as part of an immune response evoked by the saliva secreted by lice. A marked correlation was found between high serum levels of IgE and pediculous children with cervical lymphadenopathy. This may suggest a new aetiological factor for the enlargement of lymph nodes in Egyptian children.

Child↗

PubMed1994

Assessment of intact Sarcocystis cystozoites as an ELISA antigen.

Intact cystozoites extracted from naturally infected bovine flesh were used as an antigen to develop an ELISA for serodiagnosing sarcocystosis. The antigen appeared non- reactive with known non specific rat sera. Comparative testing of intact and sonicated antigens using known positive and control rat sera showed the former to be more sensitive in detecting specific antibodies at high serum dilutions. Thus, ELISA using intact cystozoites seems promising as a screening method for the epidemiological investigations of the infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Residual effect of four insecticides applied for indoor control of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli).

The residual effect of four known insecticides prepared in olive oil and sprayed on cement plastered walls was estimated against the Egyptian strain of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli). The results showed that propoxur reduced the number of the tested sandflies to 16.5%, 24.1%, 46.4%, 53.4% and 76.7%, 75 days post treatment after an exposure time for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes. Permethrin caused zero, 17.5%, 25.0%, 41.4% and 51.9%; malathion caused 4.3%, 10%, 26.7%, 35.9% and 49.1% and B H C caused zero, 10%, 30%, 36.3% and 48.1% for the same exposure time respectively. This indicated that propoxur had the highest residual effect and B H C had the lowest one. The results were discussed in relation to leishmaniasis control.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Rodents and their arthropod ectoparasites in South Sinai Governorate, Egypt.

From the scientific point of research, little attention has been paid to South Sinai Governorate. In this paper, it was aimed to study the rodent population and their arthropod ectoparasites in three selected areas; St. Catherine, Wadi Sahab and Wadi Feran. The highest rodent trap index was in St. Catherine, followed by Wadi Sahab and then Wadi Feran. Mus musculus was predominant mainly indoors in the three areas while Acomys C. dimidiatus was predominant mainly outdoors. Dipodillus dasyurus was found in St. Catherine and Wadi Sahab, Eliomys quercinus in St. Catherine and Wadi Feran and Meriones sacramenti in Wadi Feran. The commonest arthropod ectoparasites in a descending order were Xenopsylla cheopis, X. ramesis, Ctenocephalides canis, Rhipicephalus sp., Hyalomma sp., Ornithonyssus bacoti (on M. musculus), Haemogamasus pontiger, Hirstionyssus isabellinus (on A.c. dimidiatus and Meriones sacramenti). The medical and veterinary importance of the results were discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Leishmania major in Meriones sacramenti Thomas 1922 in Nakhel, North Sinai, Egypt.

Leishmania major is a protozoal parasite of desert and savanna rodents, the vectors being mainly Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi and very closely related species. Man in an incidental host, in whom usually it causes zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this paper, spot light survey was carried out in Nakhel to identify the role of animal reservoir(s) where a sudden outbreak occurred in Nakhel center. The trapped rodents were M. musculus, Meriones Sacramenti and Gerbillus pyramidum. Three isolates were obtained from the ear and/or spleen of 3 M. sacramenti. Isoenzyme characterization of the isolates using five enzymes showed the isolates to be identical with the L. Major reference strain. The results were discussed on the light of the work previously done in Sinai Peninsula.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Plasma fibronectin and serum complement C3 levels in chronic active hepatitis following virus "B" versus virus "C" infection.

Plasma fibronectin and serum complement C3 levels were estimated in 30 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) post virus "B" and another 30 patients with CAH post virus "C" as well as 20 normal healthy subjects. Fibronectin level was significantly increased in CAH when compared to normal controls. Moreover, fibronectin level was significantly increased in CAH following virus "C" when compared to CAH following virus "B" hepatitis. Concerning complement C3 there was no significant changes in the different groups studied. We may conclude that CAH following virus "C" may lead to vigorous inflammatory damage than CAH following virus "B" infection.

Adult↗