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Biomedical subjects

M M Slusher

Publications and source records attributed to M M Slusher.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation combined with lensectomy-vitrectomy and intraretinal foreign-body removal.

Two patients with intraretinal foreign bodies and traumatic cataracts were treated with pars plana lensectomy, vitrectomy, and removal of the foreign body. In each case, it was technically possible to preserve the anterior capsule despite small but obvious rents caused by the foreign body. This allowed support for the placement of a posterior chamber intraocular lens at the time of the initial repair. Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation may be a useful adjunctive step in the treatment of selected patients with intraocular foreign bodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related primary intraocular lymphoma.

A 37-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus retinitis developed primary intraocular and central nervous system lymphoma. Intraocular involvement was documented before death with vitrectomy. Autopsy demonstrated the presence of cytomegalovirus retinitis in the right eye and lymphoma in both eyes and the brain. We believe this is the first report of autopsy-confirmed primary intraocular lymphoma in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Vitreoretinal surgical technique for transplanting retinal pigment epithelium in rabbit retina.

Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells has been proposed as a potential remedial procedure for previously untreatable retinal diseases. In this study, a vitreoretinal surgical technique was used to transplant pigmented RPE cells obtained from pigmented rabbits into the subretinal space of New Zealand White rabbits. At the time the animals were sacrificed, the retina was re-attached in all but 4 of the 24 experimental eyes. Histologically, by one week the transplanted RPE cells had formed a monolayer in patchy areas beneath the attached retina. By electron microscopy, RPE cells with prominent melanin granules were found attached to Bruch's membrane. Three weeks after transplantation, grafted RPE cells had formed apical microvilli and tight junctions with adjacent cells. The nucleus of the cells containing pigment had become oval, and their contact with Bruch's membrane appeared to be composed of bsal infoldings that were well formed. Our findings demonstrated the functional appearance of the transplanted RPE cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the choroid.

Cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the eye is a well-documented occurrence in the ophthalmic literature. Typically, ocular metastatic disease occurs concomitantly with or following the documentation of disseminated metastases. We present the clinical and histopathologic findings in a 62-year-old man whose first manifestation of metastatic cutaneous melanoma was his choroidal lesion.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Surgical removal of massive subretinal hemorrhage associated with age-related macular degeneration.

The authors report on 11 patients with age-related macular degeneration associated with massive subretinal hemorrhage, who were treated with surgical removal of the hemorrhage and associated fibrosis. Preoperative visual acuity ranged from 20/400 to hand motions. Postoperative visual acuity ranged from 20/200 to light perception with a minimum of 3 months of follow-up. Complications included partial or total retinal detachment in four patients (36%) and cataract in four patients (36%). Four of 11 patients showed some improvement in vision (36%). All four of these patients had surgery within 1 week of the onset of severe visual loss. Although surgical removal of large subretinal hemorrhages is technically feasible, visual recovery is limited, even in uncomplicated cases, by macular degenerative changes.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Protein S deficiency and bilateral branch retinal artery occlusion.

A macular branch retinal artery occlusion developed in the right eye of a 25-year-old woman when she was 38 weeks pregnant. She subsequently presented 5 days postpartum with a branch retinal artery occlusion in her left eye. Although her initial work-up did not reveal a source for her occlusions, subsequent studies have documented a deficiency of protein S.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Intraretinal foreign bodies. Management and observations.

Foreign bodies embedded in the retina and choroid such that they cannot be extracted by a magnet and require vitreous surgical techniques for removal comprise a distinct sub-type of retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB). A retrospective evaluation of 16 such intraretinal foreign bodies (IRFBs), suggests that these injuries are frequently accompanied by extensive ocular damage, including corneal perforation, disruption of the lens, significant vitreous hemorrhage, retinal and choroidal hemorrhage and retinal detachment, all of which require immediate surgical attention. Delayed cataract and retinal detachment are often observed in these cases. More than 60% of this series developed macular pucker after IRFB removal. Visual outcomes were discouraging, with seven patients (44%) retaining only 20/200 or worse visual acuity. This review suggests that the structural and visual outcomes of such eyes are uncertain, are the products of complex processes involving numerous technical elements other than sophisticated surgery and prompt removal of the foreign body.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The use of intravitreal air in selected retinal detachments.

Statistically controlled studies substantiating the current widespread acceptance of intravitreal air injection as an adjunct to traditional or standard scleral buckling techniques in the repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment are unavailable. The surgical success rate of a prospectively chosen group of patients who received intravitreal air was compared with that of a retrospectively chosen but comparable group of patients who did not receive air injection in their detachment repair. The 100% retinal reattachment rate in the air group at six weeks was found to be statistically significant for comparable configurations of retinal detachment and superiorly located breaks in patients without significant proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The spectrum of cavitary optic disc anomalies in a family.

The current classification of cavitary optic disc anomalies including the morphologically related entities--optic nerve pit, morning glory disc anomaly, coloboma of the optic nerve, and retinochoroidal coloboma involving the optic nerve--is inexact and confusing. Traditionally, these disc abnormalities have been regarded as distinct morphologic anomalies. Thirty-five members of a five-generation kindred with autosomal dominantly inherited optic disc anomalies were examined. Observed abnormalities in this pedigree comprised a spectrum of morphologic variants ranging from large anomalous discs to typical pits and colobomas. The findings in this family suggest a variable expression of a single autosomal dominant defect rather than the chance occurrence of three separate, distinct, but morphologically similar entities occurring in a single pedigree.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1988

Epiretinal membrane release and posterior vitreous detachment.

The spontaneous release of epiretinal membranes is a rare clinical phenomenon, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. The authors present three patients with epiretinal macular membranes associated with peripheral retinal lesions, in whom spontaneous release of the membrane occurred in conjunction with detachment of the posterior vitreous. In each patient, the membrane remained attached to the posterior vitreous face, and in each eye there was a decrease in retinal striae and an improvement in vision. The authors postulate that posterior vitreous separation was the mechanism by which these membranes detached from the macula.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.

Three patients had documented fundus changes conforming to those of the recently described multiple evanescent white dot (MEWD) syndrome. All three patients were unilaterally affected with variously sized, soft, single, and coalescent white lesions at the level of the RPE and the deep retina. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated early staining and hyperfluorescence of the white dots and delayed staining around the optic disc. Some degree of optic disc edema could be seen in all three eyes, two of which had corresponding field defects. In all three eyes, characteristic "stippling," or granularity, of the affected macula developed rapidly and vitreal cells were observed. One eye had signs of previous perivascular inflammation. ERG studies performed on one patient indicated a reduction in the a-wave and depression of the ERP, findings that correlated with the clinical observations of RPE affectation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Congenital retinal arteriovenous anastomoses.

We report a rare type of retinal vascular abnormality--retinal arteriovenous anastomoses--and discuss the associated pathoanatomy and hemodynamics of the retinal vascular anomaly itself as demonstrated by fluorescein angiography. We emphasize our preference for using infused computed tomographic scanning rather than cerebral arteriography to rule out the existence of associated intracranial vascular lesions in such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Extended-wear lenses, biofilm, and bacterial adhesion.

While medical scientific knowledge pertaining to bacterial adhesion to biomaterials has become a rapidly growing field in most areas of medicine, its significance in ophthalmic infections has not been emphasized. Corneal bacterial ulceration in patients wearing extended-wear contact lenses has become a problem of epidemic proportions. The designation of the contact lens itself as a suitable substratum for bacterial colonization and as a source of subsequent inoculum to compromised epithelial cells are important factors in the pathophysiology of corneal ulcer formation. We demonstrate polysaccharide- (biofilm-)mediated adhesion to two ophthalmic pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis) to the surface of a typical extended-wear contact lens in vitro using cytochemistry and scanning and transmission electron microscopic techniques. This interaction between the biomaterial and bacterial organisms, which represents a favorable self-protective environment for propagation and inoculation, is a previously overlooked area of importance in the mechanism of corneal ulceration associated with hydrophilic (soft) contact lenses.

Bacterial Adhesion↗