Ventricular septal defect in a rhesus monkey.
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Angiocardiography↗
Biomedical subjects
M M Swindle
Publications and source records attributed to M M Swindle.
Spontaneous mitral valve prolapse in a breeding colony of rhesus monkeys.
Mitral valve prolapse was observed in 26 of 92 animals in a harem breeding colony of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The affected animals had a systolic murmur best auscultated over the mitral region with the animal in a sitting position. Mid-to-late systolic clicks were also heard. Phonocardiographic examination also demonstrated systolic murmurs and clicks in six of 16 animals. Twenty-three of the animals were studied by M mode and/or two-dimensional echocardiography. The diagnosis was confirmed in 12 animals that had a murmur during the examination. Electrocardiograms revealed T wave abnormalities in five animals and left or right ventricular hypertrophy in five. Four adult animals that died during the course of the study were confirmed at necropsy as having prolapse of the posterior and/or anterior mitral valve leaflets into the atrium. Analysis of the breeding records suggested that mitral valve prolapse was a dominant genetic trait with an approximate birth incidence of 16% to 20% in the colony. The existence of mitral valve prolapse in a nonhuman primate species provides a unique opportunity to study the disease in an experimental animal.
Animals↗
Haematology and pathology of captive southern grasshopper mice (Onychomys torridus).
A colony of Onychomys torridus was evaluated for the prevalence of infectious, parasitic and congenital diseases. Multiple limb defects including brachydactyly, syndactyly, and hemimelia were observed in offspring from the colony. The colony was parasitized by Ornithonyssus bacoti (tropical rat mites) on 2 occasions. No infectious diseases were detected. Normal haematologic values were determined in healthy adult animals.
Animals↗
Surgical correction of genital prolapse in three rhesus monkeys.
Three adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in a breeding colony of approximately 75 adult females developed a clinical condition characterized by protrusion of the cervix through the vulva during pregnancy and/or following parturition. The Gilliam round-ligament uterine ventro-suspension procedure (hereafter called the Gilliam uterine suspension or uterine suspension procedure) was used to return the cervix to a normal anatomical position. Following the procedure, one female delivered a normal live infant, but reprolapsed. After a second suspension procedure, she again became pregnant and delivered a normal live infant without a reoccurrence of the prolapse. A second animal never became pregnant despite repeated breedings to different males for two years. The third animal became pregnant twice following the procedure. The first pregnancy terminated in abortion at two months of gestation, while the second pregnancy ended in an apparent dystocia, necessitating a cesarean section and delivery of a dead fetus. The animal died post-operatively. This surgical procedure successfully salvaged one of these animals which otherwise had no reproductive future.
Animals↗
Mitral valve prolapse and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a pup.
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Animals↗
Swine as replacements for dogs in the surgical teaching and research laboratory.
Commercially produced swine were successfully used to replace dogs in several surgical research projects at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. They were especially successful as replacements for dogs in the basic operative surgery course offered as an elective to medical students. Advantages of swine over dogs included anatomic and physiologic characteristics shared with man, better health, and economic considerations.
Animals↗
Incomplete abortion and hydrometrosis in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).
A 6-year-old, primiparous female squirrel monkey, diagnosed as being at approximately 100 days of gestation, developed clinical signs of pregnancy toxemia. An ovariohysterectomy was performed and complete recovery followed supportive treatment. Based on histopathology, a diagnosis of incomplete abortion and hydrometrosis was made.
Abortion, Incomplete↗
Intraductal mammary carcinoma and benign ovarian teratoma in a rhesus monkey.
A benign ovarian teratoma and an intraductal mammary carcinoma were found in an adult rhesus monkey that had been used in reproductive studies and received human luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin.
Animals↗
Ascending intrauterine infections in rhesus monkeys.
Seventeen cases of abortions and stillbirths from a harem breeding colony of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were studied to determine the role of aerobic bacteria in their etiology. Using histopathologic criteria correlated with bacterial cultures, the cause in 11 of 17 cases was found to be ascending infection with normal vaginal flora, most commonly gram-positive cocci, especially an alpha-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus viridans). Actively breeding animals in the colony were screened for Str viridans, and it was determined to be a normal vaginal inhabitant that had the potential of becoming an opportunistic pathogen.
Abortion, Veterinary↗
Hemorrhagic streptococcal pneumonia in newly procured research dogs.
An acute necrotizing hemorrhagic pneumonia syndrome was recognized among 14 newly arrived research dogs. Typically, there were acute deaths without clinical signs. Necropsy revealed diffuse hemorrhagic pneumonia, and Lancefield group C Streptococcus zooepidemicus was isolated consistently from the lungs. In many cases, septic thrombi were seen in the small vessels of the kidneys, lymph nodes, spleen, brain, and adrenal glands. The syndrome was reproduced by intratracheal inoculation of the isolant into a susceptible dog.
Animals↗
Pathogenesis of contagious streptococcal lymphadenitis in cats.
Transmission and pathogenesis studies were undertaken in cats inoculated orally with Lancefield group G beta-hemolytic streptococci. These bacteria, which had been isolated from cats during a natural episode of lymphadenitis, rapidly colonized the tonsils of inoculated cats and disseminated along lymphatic channels. Acute purulent inflammation of lymph nodes on the head and neck was followed by toxemia, which coincided with pyrexia and other signs of clinical illness.
Animals↗
Intrauterine mummified fetus in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
A case of an intrauterine mummified fetus in a Macaca mulatta is described. The condition was detected in a member of a harem breeding colony, which exhibited vaginal bleeding. The mummified fetus was surgically removed and the mother made an uneventful recovery.
Abortion, Missed↗
Contagious streptococcal lymphadenitis in cats.
A Lancefield group G beta-hemolytic streptococcus was isolated from a group of laboratory cats with acute lymphadenitis of the head and neck and systemic signs of sepsis. The infection appeared to be transmitted by the oral route and was experimentally reproduced in cats after the isolant was inoculated by oral and subcutaneous routes.
Animals↗
Atrial septostomy: stationary angioplasty balloon technique--experimental work and preliminary clinical applications.
A new approach to creating an interatrial communication using a stationary fixed-diameter angioplasty balloon is presented. Stationary balloon septostomy was used to create an atrial communication in 19 young swine using a transseptal technique through a closed atrial septum, and in 18 newborn lambs through a patent foramen ovale. In animals with an intact septum, there was persistent patency of the atrial communication using balloons larger than 12 mm in diameter. The average diameter of the atrial communication was 96% of the expanded diameter of the angioplasty balloon. For newborn lambs with a patent foramen, a smooth oval atrial communication was noted by 4 weeks, and there was persistent patency of the opening using balloons larger than 15 mm in diameter. The average diameter of the opening was 81% of the diameter of the angioplasty balloon used. The new procedure was used successfully in five patients. All five showed resolution of the clinical symptomology. In conclusion, stationary angioplasty balloon atrial septostomy has been effective in producing interatrial communications, which remained patent for 4-14 weeks, in animals with intact septum, as well as in those with a patent foramen ovale.
Angioplasty, Balloon↗
Surgically induced urologic models in swine.
The porcine urological system is similar anatomically and physiologically to that of humans. Swine have a true multirenculate, multipapillate kidney with a calyceal system like that of humans. The gross anatomic and histologic characteristics of the porcine and the human kidney are more similar than most other commonly used laboratory animals. The physiologic functions of the urinary system including urodynamic parameters are also similar to humans. Swine have been used extensively as models of urologic conditions in humans, most commonly in obstructive urologic syndromes. A large number of investigative procedures can be performed in one experiment both in acute and chronic models. Recently, a new technique of surgically induced antenatal lower urinary tract obstruction in swine has been developed.
Animals↗
Hanford miniature swine model for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is now an accepted therapy for neonatal respiratory failure due to reversible lung disease. There is a continued need to train ECMO team members using animal models. Hanford miniature swine are an appropriate model for this purpose because of the availability and size as well as anatomic and physiologic similarities to humans. This article describes training ECMO team members in venoarterial and venovenous bypass utilizing Hanford miniature swine.
Animals↗
Perioperative care protocols for a canine model of a new gastrocolonic pouch for continent urinary diversion.
Traditionally, in continent urinary diversion (CUD), the ileum, ascending colon, or sigmoid colon is utilized to construct a urinary reservoir with a continence mechanism. When CUD was performed in women who had undergone extensive pelvic irradiation therapy for gynecologic cancer, the complication rate was exceedingly high due to the poor vascularity of the irradiated bowel incorporated in the reservoir. In order to avoid this very high complication rate, an animal study was conducted to test the feasibility of constructing a CUD utilizing nonradiated stomach, transverse colon, and proximal ureters. The development of this model in the canine necessitated prolonged abdominal surgery involving both the gastrointestinal and urinary systems. The immediate postoperative challenge included the need for continuous intravenous fluid infusion, maintenance of patent renal stents and neobladder stomal catheters, prevention of hypothermia and hypokalemia, and reduction of postoperative discomfort. Re-establishing an adequate plane of nutrition, preventing colonic ulceration from gastric secretions in the pouch, monitoring renal function, maintaining a patent stoma during healing, and managing the gradual expansion of the pouch were among the chronic care considerations. This procedure required the institution of unique and intensive perioperative care protocols. Using the methods discussed in this paper, three of four dogs in a pilot study survived the procedure and were included in an ongoing study of the new gastrocolonic continent urinary diversion.
Animals↗
High-dose narcotic anesthesia using sufentanil in swine for cardiac catheterization and electrophysiologic studies.
A protocol for high-dose narcotic anesthesia using sufentanil by intravenous infusion was developed in swine undergoing cardiac catheterization and intracardiac electrophysiologic studies. In experiments involving cardiac conduction system ablation, nine swine received intramuscular ketamine, 33 mg/kg, and intramuscular acepromazine, 1.1 mg/kg, as premedication. An infusion of sufentanil (15 mcg/kg/h) was started followed by a loading dose of sufentanil (7 mcg/kg) given as a bolus intravenously. A continuous infusion of sufentanil (15-30 mcg/kg/h) was used for maintenance anesthesia. Since the development of this protocol, we have been able to achieve stable hemodynamics and cardiac rhythms for intracardiac electrophysiologic studies.
Anesthesia, Intravenous↗