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Biomedical subjects

M M al-Qattan

Publications and source records attributed to M M al-Qattan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Implications for the hand surgeon.

Prolonged ischaemia sometimes occurs in replantation and free flap surgery. The re-establishment of circulatory flow to the ischaemic tissue leads to a cascade of events which augments tissue necrosis. This paper reviews the pathophysiology of this ischaemia-reperfusion injury and discusses different methods to modulate this injury.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1998

Variables affecting axonal regeneration following end-to-side neurorrhaphy.

The concept that end-to-side nerve coaptation can induce collateral sprouting was recently reintroduced by Viterbo. However, other authors have reported conflicting results with this technique of nerve repair. The current paper studies some of the variables affecting axonal regeneration following end-to-side repair. The first part of the study compares the rate of axonal regeneration following end-to-side neurorrhaphy with nerve grafts using epineurial versus perineurial sutures. The rat sciatic nerve model was used and fresh autogenous nerve grafts were sutured to the side of intact sciatic nerves. A total of 20 rats were divided into 2 groups. In group A (n = 10), suturing of the nerve graft was done to the epineurium. In group B (n = 10), suturing was done to the perineurium. Histological and electron microscopic evaluation of the nerve grafts was done 50 days following the repair. In group A, none of the nerve grafts showed regenerating axons. In group B, 50% of grafts showed evidence of axonal regeneration. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Electron microscopy showed that the repair process following end-to-side neurorrhaphy was structurally similar to axonal regeneration following end-to-side neurorrhaphy. It was concluded that axonal regeneration following end-to-side nerve coaptation is more likely to occur when the nerve graft is sutured to the parent nerve using perineurial rather than epineurial sutures. The second part of the study focused on investigating the feasibility of inducing collateral sprouting by silicone tubes sutured in an end-to-side fashion to the epineurium or perineurium of intact sciatic nerves. Following a 50-day recovery period, the site of silicone tube attachment was exposed and the tube carefully removed. The silicone tube contained soft tissue which was firmly attached to the side of the nerve and this was called the Attached Soft Tissue Segment (ASTS). Histological and electron microscopic examination showed no evidence of any nerve regeneration within the ASTS. The failure to demonstrate collateral sprouting within the ASTS may be explained by the absence of Schwann cells in the transplanted silicone tubes.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Alterations in nasal sensibility following open rhinoplasty.

Alterations of nasal sensibility following open rhinoplasty were studied both subjectively and objectively. In a prospective study, 25 patients were included. All patients underwent open rhinoplasty using a middle columellar incision. Subjective questioning and objective testing of nasal sensibility using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments were obtained preoperatively and both 3 weeks and 1 year after surgery. The match-paired Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. At 3 weeks after surgery, there was subjective and significant objective alteration of sensibility in the area of skin supplied by the external nasal nerve (nasal tip and adjacent upper columella). This altered sensibility, however, recovered by 1 year after surgery. The recovery was thought to be due either to recovery of the external nasal nerve itself, or to collateral sprouting from the nerves supplying the adjacent areas of nasal skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Abdominoplasty in multiparous women with severe musculoaponeurotic laxity.

The results and complications of abdominoplasty in 20 consecutive multiparous women with very severe musculoaponeurotic laxity are presented. All patients presented with an abdomen that resembled a full-term pregnancy when the patient was in the erect posture. This very severe laxity was the end result of repeated pregnancies. All patients underwent a standard abdominoplasty with wide longitudinal plication using size 1 prolene sutures. Follow-up averaged 1 year. None of the patients had a major complication. However, all the patients had recurrence of the musculoaponeurotic laxity. Causes and classification of this recurrent laxity are discussed along with possible solutions.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1997

Predisposing factors to industrial hand injuries in Saudi Arabia.

A prospective study was performed on 108 consecutive cases of industrial hand injuries in Saudi Arabia to highlight predisposing factors to injury. Traumatic amputations and fractures of the radial three digits were the commonest injuries. Eighty patients (74%) worked for more than 8 hours per day, which is against Saudi labour law. Only 5% of the injured workers had similar jobs previously or formal training prior to employment. The majority (81%) admitted that safety measures were not being followed at the time of injury. Ten workers (9%) had a previous history of industrial hand injury. It was concluded that strict implementation of safety measures and Saudi labour law, proper training of employees, and the development of agencies for the prevention of occupational accidents would be important in the prevention of industrial hand injuries in Saudi Arabia.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1997

Classification of limb anomalies in oral-facial-digital syndromes.

A classification of limb anomalies in oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndromes is offered to help differentiate between the various types of OFD syndromes. A clinical case is presented with clinical features consistent with both OFD syndrome type I (Papillon Leage-Psaume syndrome) and type VI (Váradi syndrome). The final diagnosis as a new mutation of type I syndrome was established after reviewing the radiological findings in the hands.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Clinical features of Crouzon's syndrome patients with and without a positive family history of Crouzon's syndrome.

Crouzon's syndrome occurs in 1 in 25,000 live births and follows an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. However, 30 to 60% of cases are sporadic and represent fresh mutations. Previous reports involving large series of Crouzon's syndrome patients mixed sporadic and familial cases. In this article, the clinical features of 17 familial cases of Crouzon's syndrome were compared with another 27 sporadic cases. Furthermore, familial cases were studied to document (1) expressivity in members of the same family; (2) the skull base angle in unoperated members of the same family, and (3) the presence of germinal mosaicism. In familial cases of Crouzon's syndrome, craniosynostosis and proptosis were seen in 76% and 88% of patients, respectively. On the other hand, these two features were observed in 100% of sporadic cases. Variability of expression in members of the same family was a common finding. The cranial base angle was also variable in the affected members of the same family. In the series, germinal mosaicism was suspected in one family. Possible explanations for our findings are discussed as well as the implications of genetic mapping in Crouzon's syndrome.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1996

Electrical burns to the oral commissure: does splinting obviate the need for commissuroplasty?

Two groups of children who had sustained electrical burns to the oral commissure were compared. The first group (n = 20) underwent splinting of the commissure and the other group (n = 22) did not have splints as part of their treatment regimen. The mean age at the time of burn was 3 years in both groups. The need for commissuroplasty was significantly decreased in the splinted group (P = 0.0007 by Fisher's exact test). Further analysis of the duration of splinting in the splinted group (n = 20) revealed that all seven children who required commissuroplasty underwent splinting for less than 4 months while all 13 children who did not require surgery used their splints for more than 4 months (range 4-8 months).

Burns, Electric↗
PubMed1996

Opportunistic mycotic infections of the upper limb. A review.

Opportunistic fungal infections of the upper limb are rare and require a host who is immunologically compromised. A review of these rare mycotic infections is presented. The hand surgeon should be aware of these infections and should have a high index of suspicion in order to establish an early diagnosis and institute an appropriate management.

Arm↗
PubMed1996

Mucormycosis of the upper limb.

A rare case of mucormycosis of the upper limb in a patient with AIDS is described. The pathophysiology and natural history of the disease are described along with a classification of its clinical stages.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Obstetrical brachial plexus injury in newborn babies delivered by caesarean section.

The hand surgeon is frequently involved in the medicolegal assessment of birth palsy cases. Although brachial plexus injury has been reported in newborns delivered by Caesarean section, it is difficult to determine if these cases are due to excessive force when delivering the infant from the uterus or whether the palsy is related to other factors. We have studied our series of 16 cases of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy with special attention to the newborn baby delivered by Caesarean section. We have reviewed the English literature over the last decade and found that birth palsy in newborns delivered by Caesarean section is extremely rare (1% of all birth palsy cases). The differentiation between brachial plexus injury caused by forcible delivery and congenital upper limb palsy from other causes is discussed.

Brachial Plexus↗