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Biomedical subjects

M Ménard

Publications and source records attributed to M Ménard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Ectopic expression of cyclin D1 amplifies a retinoic acid-induced mitochondrial death pathway in breast cancer cells.

All-trans retinoic acid inhibits growth associated with downregulation of cyclin D1 and can cause low level apoptosis in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell lines. The cyclin D1 gene is amplified and/or the protein overexpressed in about one-third of breast cancers. Constitutive expression of cyclin D1 in estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 and ZR-75 breast cancer cells (MCF-7(cycD1) and ZR-75(cycD1)) Increased the fraction of cells in S phase and reduced the G1 accumulation following retinoic acid treatment compared with control cells. However, culture of MCF-7(cycD1) with 1 microM all-trans retinoic acid resulted in about threefold greater growth inhibition compared with vector-transfected cells. Hoechst staining of DNA and in situ DNA end-labeling analysis indicated that MCF-7(cycD1) and ZR-75(cycD1) cultures contained 4-6-fold more retinoic acid-induced apoptotic nuclei as vector-transfected cells. Retinoic acid treatment of vector-transfected clones resulted in Bax protein activation as assessed by exposure of the NH(2)-terminus of Bax but the proportion of cells containing activated Bax was increased in cyclin D-expressing cells treated with retinoic acid. The latter cells also displayed both immunocytochemical and biochemical evidence of translocation of cytochrome c into the cytosol following RA-treatment. Retinoic acid markedly decreased the Bcl-2 levels in MCF-7 and ZR-75 cells. Accordingly, coexpression of Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 rendered the cells resistant to retinoic acid-induced apoptosis. We conclude that constitutive expression of cyclin D1 sensitizes ER-positive breast cancer cells to a retinoic acid-induced mitochondrial death pathway involving Bax activation, cytochrome c release and caspase-9 cleavage.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2001

[Treatment of recurrent unilateral paralysis with thyroplasty with Montgomery implant].

OBJECTIVES: An analysis of thyroplasty with Montgomery implant under local anesthesia for unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: An inception cohort of 21 patients was operated on with a minimum follow-up of 9 months. All patients had severe dysphonia and breathlessness. Seven patients had aspiration with a non efficient cough. RESULTS: The only adverse side effect was a subcutaneous cervical hematoma in one patient. Aspiration disappeared immediately after completion of the thyroplasty. Immediate improvement of speech, cough, and breathlessness was achieved in all patients. Over time, speech and voice remained stable in all patients. Recurrence of aspiration was not encountered. CONCLUSION: Such data supported the notion that the thyroplasty with Montgomery implant under local anesthesia is an extremely valuable option in patients with unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Cooperation of fuzzy segmentation operators for correction aliasing phenomenon in 3D color Doppler imaging.

The study described in this paper concerns natural object modeling in the context of uncertain, imprecise and inconsistent representation. We propose a fuzzy system which offers a global modeling of object properties such as color, shape, velocity, etc. This modeling makes a transition from a low level reasoning (pixel level), which implies a local precise but uncertain representation, to a high level reasoning (region level), inducing a certain assignment. So, we use fuzzy structured partitions characterizing these properties. At this level. each property will have its own global modeling. Then, these different models are merged for decision making. Our approach was tested with several applications. In particular, we show here its performance in the area of blood flow analysis from 3D color Doppler images in order to quantify and study the development of this flow. We present methods that detect and correct aliasing phenomenon, i.e. inconsistent information. At first, the flow space is partitioned into fuzzy sectors where each sector is defined by a center, an angle and a direction. In parallel, the velocity information carried by the pixels is classified into fuzzy classes. Then, by combining these two partitions, we obtain the velocity distribution into sectors. Moreover, for each found path (from the first sector to the last one), we locate and correct inconsistent velocities by applying global rules. After extracting some meaningful sector features, the fuzzy modeling, applied to the aliasing correction, makes it possible to simplify and synthesize the blood flow direction.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed2000

Spontaneous retinoic acid receptor beta 2 expression during mesoderm differentiation of P19 murine embryonal carcinoma cells.

Exposure of aggregated murine P19 embryonal carcinoma cells to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) induces mesoderm and both embryonic cardiac and skeletal muscle differentiation, while retinoic acid (RA) is an inducer of neuroectodermal differentiation. P19 cells constitutively express the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) and RAR gamma mRNAs while RAR beta expression is induced by RA through a consensus RA-response element in the RAR beta promoter. In the present study we show that the RAR beta transcript is strongly expressed in both P19 cells and in a RA-nonresponsive derivative of P19 cells, called RAC65, during DMSO-induced mesoderm and muscle differentiation. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that RAR beta 2 is the predominant isoform expressed in DMSO-differentiated cells, providing the first evidence for RA-independent regulation of RAR beta 2 transcript levels. Immunoblot analysis showed a 3-fold increase in the RAR beta protein expression over basal levels in differentiated cells, and immunohistochemistry indicated that all cells in the culture including muscle reacted positively for the RAR beta protein. RAR beta 2 transcript expression was differentiation-dependent and occurred without transactivation of a transfected RARE beta 2 reporter gene. Little transcription of the RAR beta gene was detected in nuclear run-off assays of undifferentiated P19 cells and only a small increase in transcription was observed in nuclei from DMSO-treated cells. RA treatment of P19 cells stably transfected with the RA-responsive element from the RAR beta gene showed that RAR beta 2 mRNA expression during DMSO differentiation was associated with increased sensitivity to RA. Together these data show that RAR beta 2 is expressed spontaneously in an apparently RA-independent manner in differentiating mesoderm and mesoderm derivatives, resulting in increased sensitivity to RA in these cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Replacement of tracheo-esophageal Provox prosthesis].

OBJECTIVES: To compare anesthesic techniques used between 1992 and 1997 at Laënnec Hospital for replacement by tracheo-esophageal Provox prosthesis: local and general anesthesia. Theoretical financial cost for replacement was estimated according to anaesthetic techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Provox in situ lifetime was calculated in 58 patients who underwent 115 and 49 replacements under general and local anaesthesia respectively. Age, sex, surgical and radiotherapy backgrounds, complications and anaesthetic techniques were studied as potential factors correlated with Provox in situ lifetime. Theoretical financial cost for replacement was estimated according to anaesthetic techniques. RESULTS: In 1992, 12% of Provox prosthesis were inserted under local anaesthesia and 54% in 1997. Provox in situ lifetime was either not influenced by anaesthetic techniques or other factors under analysis. The theoretical financial cost was estimated at 14, 341 FFrs and 6,048 FFrs for replacement under general and local anaesthesia respectively. CONCLUSION: Due to increased control of health care costs, we advocated local anaesthesia for Provox prosthesis replacement if control endoscopy is not required.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Litchi chinensis fatty acid diversity: occurrence of the unusual cyclopropanoic fatty acids.

Litchi chinensis (Sapindaceae) is a tree that originates from China and is cultivated for its sweet fruits all over the world in warm climates. Unusual fatty acids such as cyclopropanoic fatty acids have been identified in the seeds of Litchi. Because of their potential value for industry (as inks, cosmetics, detergents, lubricants, etc.), the variability in the relative levels of unusual fatty acids in the seeds of 28 different Litchi varieties was analysed at two locations (on Réunion Island in the Indian Ocean) and on two different harvest dates. Except for one variety, all the seeds contained cis-9,10-methylene-octadecanoic acid (C(19)CA) at a relative level of 35-48%. The only variety that contained no or only traces of C(19)CA was Groff, seeds of which were significantly much smaller than those from all other varieties.

China↗
PubMed1999

Local recurrence after vertical partial laryngectomy, a conservative modality of treatment for patients with Stage I-II squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis.

BACKGROUND: Based on an inception cohort of 103 patients who had local recurrence (Group I) and a witness group of 311 patients who achieved local control (Group II) after vertical partial laryngectomy for Stage I-II glottic carcinoma, the current retrospective study documented the consequences and management of local recurrence. METHODS: Three hundred two patients (97.1%) in Group II and all 103 patients (100%) in Group I were followed until death or for a minimum of 10 years. Statistical analysis of survival, lymph node control, and distant metastasis was based on the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. RESULTS: The 10-year actuarial survival estimate was 30.8% for Group I patients and 63.1% for Group II patients. Survival was statistically more likely to be reduced in Group I patients (P < 0.0001) than in Group II patients. The percentage of patients who died of their initial disease was 44.6% in Group I and 6.3% in Group II. The 10-year actuarial lymph node control estimate was 70.2% for Group I and 96.1% for Group II. Lymph node recurrence was statistically more likely to occur in Group I patients than in Group II patients (P < 0.0001). The 10-year actuarial estimate for patients without distant metastasis was 80.2% for Group I and 96.7% for Group II. Distant metastasis was statistically more likely to occur in Group I patients than in Group II patients (P < 0.0001). Salvage treatment was unsuitable for 4.7% of patients with local recurrence; for other patients, it yielded a 86.7% local control rate, a 21.4% laryngeal preservation rate, a 4.5% death rate, and an 11.2% rate of incidence of severe complications. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with Stage I-II glottic carcinoma managed with vertical partial laryngectomy, local recurrence results in a reduced rate of survival as well as a high rate of necessity for salvage total laryngectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Results of intracordal injection of autologous fat in postoperative laryngeal paralysis].

OBJECTIVES: An analysis of the results achieved with intracordal autologous fat injection for unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A study group of 46 patients with unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis was treated by intracordal injection of autologous fat with a minimum follow-up of eight months. All patients had severe dysphonia and 39 had breathlessness. Twenty-nine patients had aspiration problems with difficulties in swallowing. RESULTS: The only adverse side-effect was a subcutaneous abdominal hematoma in two patients and the development of an intracordal cyst in two patients. Aspiration disappeared immediately after the intracordal injection. Immediate improvement of speech, cough, and breathlessness was achieved in all patients. Over time, speech and voice, and swallowing remained stable in 67% and 80% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Such data suggest that the intracordal injection of autologous fat is a valuable method in patients with unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis after surgery.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1999

Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning and tissue expression of BSP-A3 and BSP-30-kDa: phosphatidylcholine and heparin-binding proteins of bovine seminal plasma.

BSP-A1, BSP-A2, BSP-A3, and BSP-30-kDa are four major proteins of bovine seminal plasma (BSP protein family). These heparin- and phosphatidylcholine-binding proteins potentiate the capacitation of spermatozoa. Here we determined the complete sequences of the two cDNAs coding for the BSP-A3 and BSP-30-kDa proteins. Degenerate oligonucleotides designed on the basis of the primary sequences of the proteins were used as primers in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, with cDNA preparations of bovine seminal vesicles as templates, to amplify an internal fragment of each BSP cDNA. Specific oligonucleotides designed on the basis of these partial cDNA sequences were used to clone the two complete cDNAs by using the 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and 5' RACE methods. We also verified the expression of all members of the bovine BSP protein family in several adult bovine tissues by RNase protection assays. The results indicated that each BSP protein mRNA is expressed only in seminal vesicles and in the ampullae. Homologous genes were detected in human, rat, hamster, and rabbit genomic DNA, using high-stringency Southern hybridization with a specific BSP-30-kDa cDNA probe.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Simplified deceleration method for assessment of resistive forces in cycling.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a simplified deceleration technique for measurement of aerodynamic and rolling resistances in cycling. METHODS: Coast-down tests were performed in level hallways with an experienced cyclist as the rider. Average initial velocities were 2.5-12.8 m x s(-1)) The deceleration technique was simplified by the use on only three switches and a derivation that did not require an assumption that deceleration is constant. The effective frontal area (AC(D)) and coefficient of rolling resistance (CR) were then calculated through a derivation from the equation for resistive forces opposing motion. Method reproducibility was tested by comparison of results for four tests of 30 trials under identical conditions. Method sensitivity was tested by performing 30 trials with three different rider head positions and four different transported mass conditions. RESULTS: Analysis of variance revealed that there were no differences among the results in the reproducibility study for either AC(D) or C(R). Furthermore, the reproducibility tests revealed mean errors of only 0.66% and 0.70% for AC(D) and CR, respectively. ANOVA identified a significant increase (P < 0.001) in rolling resistance with external loading and a significant effect (P < 0.001) of head position on AC(D). Mean (+/-SD) values for AC(D) and C(R) from tests in a racing aeroposture with the head up, the head in line with the trunk, and the head in an intermediate position were 0.304 +/- 0.011, 0.268 +/- 0.010, and 0.262 +/- 0.013 m2, respectively. C(R) averaged 0.00368 in the three head positions. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that this simplified deceleration technique is satisfactorily reproducible and sensitive for measurement of aerodynamic and rolling resistances in cycling.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Constipation in children].

Constipation in childhood is often unrecognized and diagnosed upon manifestations such as pain and pseudo-diarrhoea reflecting of a fecalith. It is sometimes complicated with urinary infection and can be a factor favouring enuresis. In the absence of deterioration in the general condition, it reflects modification of the propulsive functions of the colon or of the reservoir function of the rectum. In a such context, no further explorations are required. Treatment involves dietary recommendations such as good nutritional balance and sufficient fibre intake as well as mineral-based laxatives (paraffin oil) or nonabsorbable osmotic sugars. Enemas and suppositories should be used in case of stool withholding. Sphincter reeducation by biofeedback is indicated in child over 8 years of age after failure of medical therapy.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1998

Supracricoid partial laryngectomies in the elderly: mortality, complications, and functional outcome.

A review of the postoperative course, complications, and functional outcome of 69 elderly patients (older than 65 years of age) consecutively managed with a supracricoid partial laryngectomy between 1977 and 1993 is presented. The tumors were glottic and supraglottic in origin in 53 and 16 patients, respectively. A cricohyoidoepiglottopexy, a tracheo-cricohyoidoepiglottopexy, and a cricohyoidopexy were performed in 48, five, and 16 patients, respectively. Immediate laryngeal, cervical, and medical complications were noted in 5.8%, 10.2%, and 10.2% of patients, respectively. Supracricoid partial laryngectomies never resulted in perioperative or postoperative death. The 5-year actuarial survival and local control estimates were 68%, and 93.9%, respectively. Late surgical complications included laryngocele, laryngeal stenosis, and pneumonia from aspiration-related death in 4.3%, 4.3%, and 1.4% of patients, respectively. Completion total laryngectomy, permanent gastrostomy, and permanent tracheostomy were requested in 1.4%, 1.4%, and 2.91% of patients, respectively. Overall a 92.8% laryngeal preservation rate was achieved. Univariate analysis of the potential correlation of different factors with the mortality incidence and causes, the incidence and type of the various complications, and the incidence for postoperative aspiration is presented.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1998

Speech and voice characteristics after near-total laryngectomy. A preliminary prospective study.

Selected characteristics were prospectively compared in the speech and voice of 10 patients managed with near-total laryngectomy. Tape-recorded speech samples were measured for durational features with a stopwatch. Acoustic features were analyzed with the Computerized Speech Lab and the Multidimensional Voice Program from Kay Elemetrics. Speech and voice parameters recorded preoperatively were compared with the parameters recorded postoperatively. Our data corroborate the prior reported good quality of the voice and speech after near-total laryngectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

In situ lifetime, causes for replacement, and complications of the Provox voice prosthesis.

One hundred Provox voice prostheses consecutively inserted in 37 patients and replaced only when phonation was impaired or complications noted were analyzed for in situ lifetime, causes for replacement, and complications. The mean in situ lifetime was 311 days. Actuarial analysis (Kaplan-Meier method) of the in situ lifetime revealed that 65.9%, 23.7%, and 16.4% of the voice prosthesis were still in situ by the 6th, 12th, and 18th postinsertion month. Cause for replacement was salivary leakage through the prosthesis valve, salivary leakage around the prosthesis, deterioration of the prosthesis, and excessive crusting resulting in increased airflow resistance in 33%, 27%, 24%, and 16% of cases, respectively. Complications included granulation tissue formation, cervical cellulitis, necrosis of the tracheoesophageal puncture, tracheostomal stenosis, and swallowing impairment in six, two, one, three, and one patient, respectively.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1997

Laryngofissure and cordectomy for glottic carcinoma limited to the mid third of the mobile true vocal cord.

The objective of this study was to analyze the long-term results of laryngofissure with cordectomy for invasive glottic squamous cell carcinoma limited to the mid third of the mobile true vocal cord. The authors conducted a retrospective review of the medical charts and operative files of 33 patients with invasive glottic carcinoma limited to the mid third of the mobile true vocal cord managed with laryngofissure and cordectomy. A 10-year follow-up was achieved in 30 patients (90.9%). Kaplan-Meier actuarial analysis of survival, local control, nodal recurrence, distant metastasis, and second primary metachronous tumor was performed. The 5-year actuarial survival, local control, nodal recurrence, and distant metastasis estimates were 97%, 100%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. Tracheotomy was never performed. The overall laryngeal preservation rate was 100%. The 5- and 10-year actuarial metachronous second primary tumor estimates were 3% and 11.5%, respectively. The authors' experience suggested that laryngofissure and cordectomy should still be considered a valuable oncologic option for the management of invasive glottic carcinoma limited to the mid third of the mobile true vocal cord.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cisplatin-fluorouracil exclusive chemotherapy for T1-T3N0 glottic squamous cell carcinoma complete clinical responders: five-year results.

PURPOSE: To evaluate cisplatin-fluorouracil exclusive chemotherapy (EC) for T1-T3N0 glottic squamous cell carcinoma complete clinical responders (CCR) after cisplatin-fluorouracil induction chemotherapy (IC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 58 patients with T1-T3N0 glottic squamous cell carcinoma CCR after IC consecutively managed at our department between 1985 and 1992. Twenty-one CCR were managed with EC. Thirty-seven CCR were managed with IC and a conventional laryngeal-preservation modality. Analyses of survival, local control, nodal recurrence, distant metastasis, and metachronous second primary tumor were performed using the Kaplan-Meier actuarial life-table method. In CCR managed with EC, the independent factors of age, tumor classification, exact tumor location, true vocal cord motion, arytenoid cartilage motion, total dosage of drugs delivered, and number of courses received were tested for potential correlation with survival, local recurrence, nodal recurence, and distant metastasis. RESULTS: The 5-year survival, local control, nodal recurrence, distant metastasis, and metachronous second primary tumor rates in CCR managed with EC were 95.2%, 70.7%, 0%, 0%, and 14.3%, respectively. The 5-year rates of survival, local control, nodal recurrence, distant metastasis, and metachronous second primary tumor in CCR managed with IC and a conventional laryngeal-preservation modality were 86.1%, 97%, 2.7%, 6%, and 14.5%, respectively. Local recurrence was statistically more likely in CCR managed with EC (P = .002). Local recurrence in CCR managed with EC was always salvaged with partial laryngectomy or radiation therapy, which resulted in an overall 100% local control and laryngeal-preservation rate within this group. In CCR managed with EC, none of the variables analyzed was statistically related to survival, local recurrence, nodal recurrence, or distant metastasis. CONCLUSION: The present retrospective studies demonstrated that within T1-T3N0 glottic squamous cell carcinoma CCR, there is clearly a significant subset of patients with chemocurable tumors who achieved both perfect preservation of structure-supporting voice and long-term survival after EC. Careful monthly follow-up evaluation allowed for timely successful salvage of local recurrence after EC without the need for total laryngectomy. Such management did not appear to increase the risk for subsequent nodal failure, subsequent distant metastasis, or reduced survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Exclusive chemotherapy in T1-T3N0 cancers of the vocal cord with complete clinical response after neoadjuvant treatment with a cisplatin-fluorouracil combination].

OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of cisplatin-fluorouracil exclusive chemotherapy for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis staged as T1-T3N0 with a complete response after cisplatin-fluorouracil neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the files of 69 patients with a well-differentiated untreated invasive squamous cell carcinoma, staged as T1-T3N0 with a complete response after cisplatin-fluorouracil neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is presented. Actuarial analysis (Kaplan Meier method) of survival and local failure is presented among the group of 25 patients treated with exclusive chemotherapy and the group of 44 patients in whom the local treatment (partial laryngeal surgery or radiation therapy) initially planned was maintained. RESULTS: Three-year survival and local control estimate was 91.8% and 69.3%, respectively after exclusive chemotherapy and 92.5% and 97.2% if the local treatment was performed as initially planned. Patients with local recurrence after exclusive chemotherapy were always salvaged with partial laryngeal surgery or radiation therapy resulting in an overall 100% local control and laryngeal preservation rate. CONCLUSION: Exclusive chemotherapy for T1-T3N0 glottic carcinomas with a complete response after cisplatin-fluorouracil neo-adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered especially in patients in whom preservation of voice is of utmost importance.

Adult↗