Diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis using two-dimensional and three-dimensional CT colonography.
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Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
Biomedical subjects
M Macari
Publications and source records attributed to M Macari.
Usefulness of CT colonography in patients with incomplete colonoscopy.
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate the use of CT colonography in patients who have undergone incomplete colonoscopy. CONCLUSION: CT colonography is effective in evaluating portions of the colon not seen during colonoscopy and may have an adjunctive role.
Aged↗
Effect of indomethacin on hyperthermia induced by heat stress in broiler chickens.
An investigation was carried out to verify whether the heat stress hyperthermia response of broilers is prostaglandin-dependent. Male broiler chickens of the Hubbard-Petterson strain, aged 35-49 days, were used. Chickens were injected with indomethacin (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 15 min before or 2 h after heat exposure (at 35 degrees C for 4 h), and rectal temperature was measured before injection and up to 4 h thereafter. Birds were separated into two groups with and without access to water during heat stress. The increase in rectal temperature was lower (P < 0.05) in birds with access to drinking water during heat exposure. All birds injected with indomethacin exhibited an increase in rectal temperature, irrespective of whether indomethacin was administered before or in the course of the rise in temperature. The results revealed that the increase in rectal temperature during heat exposure is not prostaglandin-dependent, and that the use of cyclooxigenase inhibitors is not recommended to attenuate heat stress hyperthermia in broiler chickens.
Animals↗
Non-small cell lung carcinoma: usefulness of unenhanced helical CT of the adrenal glands in an unmonitored environment.
PURPOSE: To evaluate routine non-contrast material-enhanced helical computed tomography (CT) of the adrenal glands in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma to facilitate characterization of adrenal masses detected in an unmonitored environment (i.e., the radiologist on duty did not look at the acquired images before the patient left the scanner). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma were referred for CT evaluation of the chest; chest and abdomen; or chest, abdomen, and brain. All underwent unenhanced CT of the adrenal glands before the requested CT examination. The morphologic features, size, and attenuation values of the adrenal masses were calculated. Attenuation values of adrenal masses from prior imaging, if available, were compared with those at follow-up imaging to classify these masses. Variable unit cost increase in obtaining these additional images was estimated. RESULTS: Fifteen adrenal masses were identified in 13 patients. In one patient, bilateral ill-defined adrenal masses were present. In 12 patients, 13 masses were sharply circumscribed: Seven were less than 10 HU and six were 20 HU or greater at unenhanced CT. Nine of these 12 patients received iodinated contrast material. Without the unenhanced CT, 10 adrenal masses in these nine patients would have been indeterminate for malignancy. In six of these nine patients, the adrenal mass was the only potential site of metastatic disease. The unenhanced CT data helped classify three of these masses as benign-10 HU or less- and three as indeterminate-greater than 10 HU. CONCLUSION: Unenhanced CT of the adrenal glands can prospectively characterize adrenal masses and obviate further examination in patients with lung carcinoma.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Diagnosis of agenesis of the dorsal pancreas with MR pancreatography.
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Congenital Abnormalities↗
Intestinal ischemia in patients in whom small bowel obstruction is suspected: evaluation of accuracy, limitations, and clinical implications of CT in diagnosis.
PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosis of intestinal ischemia in patients with possible intestinal obstruction and the limitations and clinical implications of use of CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 100 patients in whom intestinal obstruction was suspected clinically, CT findings were correlated with surgical findings in 77 patients and with follow-up clinical findings after nasogastric suction in 23 patients. The interval between CT and surgical exploration in patients with ischemic bowel was 1-98 hours (mean, 13 hours). RESULTS: Correlation of CT findings of strangulation obstruction with surgical findings revealed 72 true-negative, 19 true-positive, five false-positive, and four false-negative CT results. Sensitivity was 83%, specificity was 93%, accuracy was 91%, positive predictive value was 79%, and negative predictive value was 95%. CONCLUSION: CT enables accurate detection of bowel ischemia, particularly when small bowel obstruction is present. Exploratory laparotomy should be performed when unexplained disparities exist between equivocal CT findings and a deteriorating clinical condition in patients with possible small bowel obstruction or mesenteric infarction.
Adult↗
Effect of acute heat stress on heat shock protein 70 messenger RNA and on heat shock protein expression in the liver of broilers.
1. The synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) mRNA and the expression of Hsp70 in the liver of broiler chickens submitted to acute heat stress (35 degrees C for 5 h) was investigated. 2. Hsp70 expression was detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis using a polyclonal antiserum against Hsp70 of Blastocladiella emersonii. The specific signal of Hsp70 mRNA was analysed by Northern blot using as probe a Hsp70 cDNA of B. emersonii. 3. An increase in the amount of Hsp70 was detected from the first up to the fifth hour of acute heat exposure. This increase in the amount of Hsp70 was accompanied by an increase in Hsp70 mRNA which peaked at 3 h. 4. This study shows that the heat induced increase in Hsp70 mRNA and protein in broiler liver, in vivo, are time dependent, similar to that in mammals.
Animals↗
Collision tumors of the adrenal gland: demonstration and characterization at MR imaging.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in collision tumors of the adrenal gland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images obtained in 104 patients with a known primary malignant tumor and an adrenal mass were reviewed to find adrenal glands that contained two contiguous but histologically distinct masses. The findings in such cases were correlated with histopathologic findings. RESULTS: In two (2%) cases, both MR and histopathologic findings showed a mass within the adrenal gland that consisted of contiguous adrenal adenoma and metastasis, which represented a collision tumor. The adenomatous component in each tumor showed a (quantitative) decrease in signal intensity relative to that of the liver (79% and 61%) on opposed-phase images, whereas the metastatic component showed an increase in signal intensity (50% and 15%). Similarly, the adrenal lesion-to-spleen signal intensity ratio on opposed-phase images was lower for the adenomatous component in each (0.39 and 0.43) than for the metastatic component (1.17 and 0.90). CONCLUSION: MR imaging can demonstrate and enable characterization of the separate components of collision tumors within the adrenal gland. These findings can be crucial in planning and guiding subsequent percutaneous needle biopsy and patient care.
Adenoma↗
Febrile responses induced in adrenalectomized rats by administration of interleukin-1 beta or prostaglandin E2.
1. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of bilateral adrenalectomy on fevers induced in rats by systemic injection of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) or by central injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). 2. Intraperitoneal (I.P.) injections of two doses of IL-1 beta (0.5 and 1.0 microgram kg-1) induced biphasic fevers in normal control rats in a dose-dependent manner. Adrenalectomized (ADX) rats showed higher fevers than sham-ADX rats after I.P. injection of small doses of IL-1 beta (0.5 micrograms kg-1). This fever enhancement was inhibited by acute or chronic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), treatment. In contrast, there was no significant difference between fevers induced in ADX and sham-ADX rats by I.P. injection of large doses of IL-1 beta (1.0 g kg-1). 3. Dose-dependent fevers were observed in normal control rats after injections of several doses of PGE2 (5, 25 and 100 ng) into the preoptic hypothalamic area (POA). The injection of a large dose of PGE2 (100 ng) into the POA led to a lower fever in ADX rats, compared with that in sham-ADX rats. This fever in ADX rats was increased by acute or chronic treatment with DEX. On the other hand, adrenalectomy had no effect on fevers induced by the injections of small doses of PGE2 (5 and 25 ng) 4. The injections of PGE2 (100 ng) into the POA induced increases in oxygen consumptions in ADX rats that were significantly smaller than those in sham-ADX rats, suggesting that the lower PGE2 fever was, at least in part, due to attenuated thermogenesis in ADX rats. 5. There was no significant difference in plasma osmolality between the ADX and the sham-ADX rats. The ADX rats were given 0.9% salt water instead of tap water. 6. These results suggest that endogenous glucocorticoid is one of the important modulators of the IL-1-induced and the PGE2-induced fevers in rats.
Adrenalectomy↗
Effects of endotoxin, interleukin-1 beta and prostaglandin injections on fever response in broilers.
1. The effect of endotoxin, interleukin-1 beta and prostaglandin on fever response was studied in 80 broilers (Hubbard strain). Endotoxin (E. coli, LPS) was injected i.v. (1.5 micrograms/kg) and icv (1.5 micrograms/bird); interleukin-1 (human recombinant IL-1 beta, 80 pg/bird) and prostaglandin E2 (5 micrograms/bird) were injected icv. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.v.) pretreatment was also used before i.v. endotoxin injection. 2. The results showed that indomethacin was able to block the fever response induced by i.v. endotoxin injection, and IL-1 beta and PGE2 were both effective in producing fever when injected icv. These data suggest a prostaglandin-mediated fever response by broilers, and also a strong evidence of the involvement of endogenous pyrogen (interleukin-1) in fever response in birds.
Animals↗
Influence of age on the febrile response to E. coli and S. typhimurium endotoxins in growing pullets.
1. The effect of bacterial endotoxin injection was studied in growing pullets of different ages. Commercial chicks were divided into 5 groups according to age. Bacterial endotoxins (E. coli and S. typhimurium) were injected intravenously and rectal temperature was measured over a period of 300 min. 2. The results showed no significant effect of age on the febrile response induced by bacterial endotoxins, but a slight tendency towards a reduced fever peak was observed with increasing age. The response latency also increased with age.
Aging↗
Fever response induced by intravenous and intracerebroventricular injection of pyrogen in thyroidectomised and protein-calorie malnourished rabbits.
The development of a fever in response to intravenous (IV, 1.5 micrograms/kg body mass) and intracerebroventricular (ICV, 1.5 micrograms/animal) injections of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied in control, thyroidectomised and protein-calorie malnourished rabbits (New Zealand Whites, n = 55). ICV injection of LPS in control rabbits produced a fever response, the characteristics of which differed from those obtained after IV pyrogen injection. Thyroid deficiency caused an attenuated fever response, irrespective of whether LPS had been administered by IV or ICV injection. Protein-calorie malnourished rabbits showed a smaller fever response after IV or ICV pyrogen injections. Malnourished rabbits, refed over a period of 15 days, showed a typical biphasic fever response, but with lower magnitude than controls. The results of these experiments suggest that ICV injection of LPS is not an appropriate model for the study of fever mechanisms in disease states, and that the attenuated fever response observed in protein-calorie malnourished rabbits may be related, at least in part, to a decreased ability to produce the endogenous pyrogen interleukin-1.
Animals↗
Effects of antithyroid drug on the rectal temperature and metabolic parameters of ducks (Cairina moschata).
The effect of propylthiouracil oral treatment (400 mg/day per bird for 20 days) on body and thyroid weight, rectal temperature and plasma metabolic parameters of ducks (Cairina moschata) was determined. Propylthiouracil treatment produced a reduction (P less than .01) in body weight and an increase (P less than .01) in thyroid weight. The antithyroid drug also produced a decrease in rectal temperature starting from the 15th day of treatment, but did not significantly change blood glucose. Plasma free fatty acids and cholesterol concentrations progressively increased from the 5th and 10th day, respectively, in treated animals.
Animals↗
Cold-acclimation improves cold-tolerance of diabetic rats.
1. The aim of these experiments was to study the extent to which previous cold-acclimation improves the cold-tolerance of diabetic rats. 2. Alloxan diabetic rats (fasting blood glucose higher than 200 mg/dl) were used in the experiments. 3. In Expt. 1, non-cold-acclimated control and diabetic rats were exposed to cold environment (7-9 degrees C), and the percentage of survival calculated during a 12-day experimental period. In Expt. 2, the rats were previously cold-acclimated before alloxan or saline injection (diabetic and control cold-acclimated rats) and the survival rate was also assessed during a 12-day period in the cold. 4. The percentage of survival of the non-cold-acclimated diabetic rats (Expt.1) was 19% compared with 79% of the diabetic cold-acclimated animals (Expt. 2). There were no deaths in the control groups. 5. Cold-acclimated diabetic rats maintained a near-normal thermogenic response after noradrenaline injection. This response was impaired in non-cold-acclimated diabetic rats. 6. The results of these experiments suggest that the enhanced cold-tolerance of diabetic cold-acclimated rats could be related to the increased sympathetic activity and enhanced insulin sensitivity in thermogenic tissues, such as brown fat.
Acclimatization↗
The development of a febrile response to pyrogen in the thyroid-deficient rabbit.
The development of the febrile response to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (1.5 micrograms/kg, i.v.) in thyroid-deficient rabbits has been studied. Twenty-eight New Zealand White rabbits weighing 2.1-2.3 kg were used. Hypothyroidism was induced by treatment with propylthiouracil (100 or 200 mg/kg body wt./15 days). Thyroid-deficient animals showed a reduction in the febrile response to lipopolysaccharide, but the effect was significantly different (p less than 0.01) from the control only for rabbits treated with 200 mg/kg of propylthiouracil. Propranolol (2 mg/kg, i.p.) given 30 min before lipopolysaccharide also reduced (p less than 0.01) the fever response in control rabbits. The results of this experiment are consistent with the hypothesis that the reduction in the febrile response of thyroid-deficient rabbits is due to the reduced number of beta-adrenergic receptors, or to a change in the availability of neurotransmitter in thermogenically active tissues, such as brown fat.
Animals↗
Effects of ambient temperature and thyroid hormones on food intake by pigs.
Food intake and plasma thyroid hormone levels (T4 and T3) were higher in pigs acclimated to cold (12 degrees) than hot (32 degrees) environments. The exposure of cold pigs to hot ambient temperature decreased food intake and plasma T4 and T3, whereas for hot acclimated animals the change in ambient temperature (from 32 to 12 degrees) increased food intake and plasma thyroid hormone levels, but the new steady state level of food intake was reached only after 96 hr of temperature transfer despite the rapid change in plasma level of thyroid hormones. Cold-acclimated pigs, when transferred to a hot environment after thyroidectomy, also reduced food intake, but hot pigs shifted to cold ambient temperature after thyroidectomy did not significantly increase food ingestion. The results of this experiment suggest that food intake adjustment depends on the previous living temperature and that thyroid hormones seem to play an important role in increasing the metabolically active mass that probably sustains the new steady state level of food intake, particularly in a cold environment.
Acclimatization↗
Effects of acute cold exposure on rectal temperature, blood glucose and plasma free fatty acids in alloxan-diabetic rats.
These experiments were carried out to study the effects of acute cold exposure (0-2 degrees C/4 hr) on rectal temperature, blood glucose and plasma free fatty acids (FFA) in alloxan-diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 170-190 g were used and diabetes was induced by i.v. alloxan injection (40 mg/kg body wt). Cold exposure produced severe hypothermia in diabetic rats. After 4 hr of cold, blood glucose of diabetic rats was reduced from 296 +/- 16 to 86 +/- 12 mg/dl (P less than 0.01), and FFA increased slightly, but was not statistically different (P greater than 0.05) from the initial value. As expected, interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) and retroperitoneal and epididymal white adipose tissues were significantly lower in diabetic than in control rats. Cold exposure reduced total IBAT lipids in control but not in diabetic animals. The results of this experiment suggest that diabetic rats were unable to maintain body temperature in the cold, probably because of a failure to generate an adequate amount of heat by nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue.
Acclimatization↗
Thermogenesis in response to various intakes of palatable food.
Complete energy balance studies were made on groups of overfed (A) and underfed (B) Wistar rats. In experiment A one group was fed cafeteria diet ad libitum (the intake was 29% larger than the control), two other groups were fed the same diet but in restricted quantities (18 and 9% above control), and a fourth group, fed a stock diet, served as control. In experiment B, caloric intake was restricted by 12 and 31% in two groups fed cafeteria diet, and by 21 and 34% in two other groups fed stock diet. The experiments lasted 41 days and during that period the protein gain was comparable between the control and the cafeteria-29% group (643.4 +/- 33.3 vs. 578.1 +/- 25.0) but the fat gain was significantly different between the two groups (863.2 +/- 81.6 vs. 1663.2 +/- 99.8 kJ). When energy expenditure (EE) (metabolizable energy less storage added to the cost of storage) is expressed as a percentage of metabolizable energy (ME) intake no significant difference was found among the groups. The average value was congruent to 75%. This finding would not support the presence of dietary-induced thermogenesis in animals overfed on the cafeteria diet. However, since the obligatory cost associated with storing energy would not explain the higher EE of the overfed groups, it is suggested that the level of ME intake exerts continuous proportional regulatory action on EE and, as a result, energy is spared by underfeeding and it is wasted by overfeeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adipose Tissue, Brown↗