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Biomedical subjects

M Madonna

Publications and source records attributed to M Madonna.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Pharmacokinetics of N-methylglucamine antimoniate after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration in the dog.

The pharmacokinetic profile of antimony in dogs was defined by administering it intravenously, intramuscularly and subcutaneously as N-methylglucamine antimoniate at a dose of about 25.65 mg of antimony kg-1 bodyweight. The results showed a different half-life for the three routes of administration: 20.5, 42.1 and 121.6 minutes for the intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes, respectively; peak time values (Tmax) were also different for the intramuscular (90 to 120 minutes) and subcutaneous (210 to 240 minutes) injection. The apparent bioavailability of antimony was > 100 per cent for the intramuscular and 100 per cent for the subcutaneous routes. The data obtained showed a relevant difference in the behaviour of the drug in the dog in comparison to that in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

In vitro effects of tachykinins on the smooth musculature of horse gut.

The contractile effects of the tachykinins eledoisin, substance P and neurokinin A and B were investigated in vitro on circular and longitudinal muscle strips from horse duodenum, ileum and colon. Circular smooth muscle of the small intestine was highly responsive, large intestine circular smooth muscle less so, while longitudinal muscle from all gut segments was much less sensitive. pD2 values and intrinsic activities on small intestine circular muscle indicated differences in receptor distribution between the duodenum and ileum: NK3 and a smaller number of NK2 receptors being present in the duodenum, and NK2 receptors predominating in the ileum. Notwithstanding this, eledoisin and neurokinin B were the most active substances on duodenum and ileum, respectively. These findings suggest that tachykinins may play a role in equine gastrointestinal pathophysiology.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Comparative pharmacokinetics of amikacin sulphate in calves and sheep.

The pharmacokinetics of amikacin sulphate were investigated in calves and sheep. Five animals of each species were given 7.5 mg kg-1 intravenously and intramuscularly. After intravenous administration the pharmacokinetic parameters significantly different (P less than 0.01) between calves (first value) and sheep (second value), were: the initial concentration (87.05, 146.6 micrograms ml-1), the apparent distribution volume (350, 200 ml kg-1), the area under curve (5512, 11,018 min micrograms ml-1) and the clearance (1.5, 0.7 ml min-1 kg-1). After dosing intramuscularly the peak concentration (23.5, 34.36 micrograms ml-1), the peak time (45, 75 min) and the area under curve (5458, 9191 min micrograms ml-1) were significantly different (P less than 0.01). No significant differences were observed in the terminal halflife values, suggesting that elimination rate was independent of both route of administration and animal species. The drug in aqueous solution showed a good bioavailability in both animal species (about 0.87 in sheep and greater than 0.99 in calves) despite the greater serum concentrations always attained in sheep.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1987

Morphological variations in nematode parasites after a radioactive fall out: preliminary results.

Preliminary results from a survey of abomasal parasites of wild ruminant Rupicapra rupicapra are reported. The study was carried out after the fall out of radioactive contamination from the nuclear accident at Chernobyl (May 1986) and showed the high prevalence of teratologic forms in representatives of Ostertaginae (3.1% of the entire population of male worms).

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetic of sodium cefoperazone in calves.

Na-CPZ was administered to ten calves i.v. and i.m. at the dosages of 15 and 30 mg/Kg b.w. in order to study its pharmacokinetic parameters. Plasma protein binding was evaluated in vitro by the ultracentrifugation technique. Short half-lives were obtained after i.v. (53.61 min) and i.m. (47.71 min) administration at the dosage of 15 mg/kg b.w., similar values were obtained after i.v. (55.19 min) and i.m. (64.21 min) administration of 30 mg/kg b.w. The mean value of bioavailability (F) following the injection of both dosages was about 45%. Plasma protein binding at therapeutical concentrations was evaluated about 44%. The Authors conclude that a daily i.m. administration of 30 mg/Kg b.w. of Na-CPZ produces serum therapeutical levels for about 8 hours against the most sensitive microorganisms and 5 hours against the less sensitive ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An approach using lecithin treatment for olivopontocerebellar atrophies.

A therapeutic trial with two different lecithins, with 32 and 7% phosphatidylcholine respectively, was performed for 3 months on 11 patients with clinical diagnosis of dominant, recessive and sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophies. The correlation between plasma choline levels and the clinical picture shows a clinical worsening with very high choline levels and a slight improvement with smaller increases of plasma choline levels. The possible role in these disorders of phosphatidylcholine and linoleic acid - both present in lecithin - is discussed, with relationship to these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics of Defibrotide and of its profibrinolytic activity in the rabbit.

An extensive study of the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacokinetics of the profibrinolytic activity of Defibrotide (D) in the rabbit has been made. a two compartment model was used to describe D's pharmacokinetics. The parameters of drug disposition and the rate constant of release from tissues to central compartment were closely dose-dependent. The dose-response curves for elimination parameters were powers with a negative exponent indicating considerable saturation of this process. As a consequence, the T1/2, Co and AUC were also dose-dependent, as were the parameters describing the decrease in profibrinolytic activity in the blood stream.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Influence of adriamycin on growth kinetics of Lewis lung carcinoma and its lung metastases.

Using a Gompertzian pharmacodynamic model, we have studied the changes induced by graded doses of adriamycin (AM) on the growth of intramuscular Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) and its lung metastases in C57Bl/6 mice. An interpretation of the drug's effects on free growth of the tumor cells is given in the Appendix. Unlike other tumors (1-6), in which AM treatment induces no long-term change in growth parameters, in the 3LL model after an initial phase of inhibited growth following treatment with AM, the theoretically attainable plateau value is lowered. This is dose dependent for the primary tumor and even more so for metastases. In order to investigate whether the drug effect was irreversible or whether the host's weakened condition was a factor in the altered growth conditions, the tumor and its metastases were removed from AM-treated mice and transplanted in healthy animals in which its growth was then observed over time. For transplants of the primary intramuscular tumor no differences could be seen between treated and nontreated mice, but for the metastases the growth was markedly slowed. However, after a 'lag' period, the tumors arising from metastases returned to a growth pattern whose kinetic parameters, analyzed statistically, were not different from controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of fluorescein-labelled glycosaminoglycans and of their lipoprotein lipase-inducing activity in the rat.

Using fluorescein-labelled glycosaminoglycans (F-GAG) an extensive study of their pharmacokinetics and of pharmacokinetics of their lipoprotein lipase-inducing activity was carried out in fed and fasted rats. A two-compartment model was used to describe F-GAG's pharmacokinetics. The parameters of drug disposition were strongly dose-dependent. The dose-response curves for parameters were powers with negative exponent indicating considerable saturation of the F-GAG elimination process. There was also dose dependence for T1/2, Co, AUC and Cl, and the decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity in plasma was strongly dose-dependent. The lipoprotein lipase kinetic parameters also appeared to be dose-dependent.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of Ostertagia ostertagi in dairy cow from different breeding systems.

The epidemiology of Trichostrongylidae infections in three dairy cow groups reared under different conditions and in different habitats was studied with particular emphasis on Ostertagia ostertagi. In cows bred intensively in swampy lowlands (Po River Valley) the prevalence of infection was 43% and the mean intensity 567. In cows bred traditionally (Friuli, Northern-Eastern Italy), the prevalence in permanently housed cows was 24% (mean intensity: 13). In grazing cows, it was 68% (mean intensity: 120). The distribution of parasite numbers (O. ostertagi) per host was studied with the negative binomial model. The observed data were also compared by the method of cumulative relative frequencies. The results suggest that parasitism is also important in cows reared intensively.

Abomasum↗