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Biomedical subjects

M Maglione

Publications and source records attributed to M Maglione.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A preliminary report on a method for studying the permeability of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane to bacteria in vitro: a scanning electron microscopic and histological study.

The technique of guided tissue regeneration using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes has been shown to be effective in implant dentistry (bony defects, extremely thin alveolar ridges, and implants placed in fresh extraction sockets). One of the drawbacks associated with the use of membranes is their premature exposure with consequent bacterial contamination. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility that oral bacteria migrate through the occlusive portion of ePTFE membranes and to determine the time needed for microorganisms to pass from the outer surface to the inner surface of the membranes. A removable acrylic device was adapted to the molar-premolar region of one quadrant of the jaws in each of three volunteers. Five cylindrical teflon chambers were glued to the buccal aspect of each device. The chambers were divided into two rooms separated by the inner portion of a ePTFE membrane. The outer room was open to the oral cavity allowing plaque accumulation; the inner room was isolated from the oral cavity by the ePTFE membrane. One of the 5 chambers was completely closed and used as control. The test period lasted for 4 weeks. Every week, one chamber was removed from each device and processed for scanning electron microscopic and histologic examinations. Our study showed the possibility that oral bacteria may contaminate ePTFE membranes exposed to the oral cavity. One specimen showed partial bacterial penetration after 2 and 3 weeks, but after 4 weeks, all membrane specimens demonstrated bacterial contamination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Acute vesiculitis and its prostatic complications caused by E. coli in the rat.

Injection of solutions of E. coli leads to vesiculitis which regresses spontaneously, and to interstitial prostatitis. Castration preceding experimental injection of a bacterial solution modifies the progression of the vesiculitis which then becomes chronic. Infection does not seem to diffuse via the lympathic system, even after castration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting drug treatment entry among treatment-seeking individuals.

This study examined factors related to drug treatment program entry among 276 drug abusers seeking treatment referral. Six-month follow-up interviews determined that 171 (62.0%) followed through with the treatment referral. The analyses indicated that treatment-entry and non-entry subjects did not differ in predisposing factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, education), type of drug use, or years of use. A logistic regression analysis indicated that characteristics at baseline predicting subsequent treatment entry include legal pressure, lower levels of psychological distress and family or social problems, and prior successful treatment experience. Legal coercion was an effective factor promoting treatment entry. Drug abusers having prior successful treatment experience were also more likely to reenter treatment. However, those with more severe problems (drug related and others) seemed less likely to enter treatment, indicating that psychological distress and family problems may undermine motivation to follow through on treatment referral.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlates of outpatient drug treatment drop-out among methamphetamine users.

This article explores correlates of retention among the 2.337 methamphetamine (MA) users entering public outpatient treatment programs in California from January 1, 1994 through September 30, 1997. A secondary analysis of data from the California Alcohol and Drug Data System (CADDS) was performed and predictors of drop-out before treatment completion (as measured by a retention of 180 days or more) were determined using logistic regression. Overall, 23.3% of MA users completed treatment, a rate similar to that for users of other drugs throughout California. As expected, MA users who were older (40 years or over), had less severe drug use patterns (used less than daily or did not inject), or who were under coerced treatment were significantly more likely to complete treatment that other MA users. Surprisingly, men were significantly more likely than women to drop out of treatment before 180 days. Until studies currently collecting primary data on MA treatment are completed, the present secondary analysis provides a useful foundation upon which future research and intervention strategies may be based.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mouth diseases and dental materials: potential for study with cytofluorometry].

BACKGROUND: The potential dental materials have of inducing mouth diseases is well known, and various methods have been developed to investigate this phenomenon. Among these there are histological studies of the pulp and periodontium exposed to dental materials, both in vivo and in vitro in humans and animals. Other studies are based on the clinical observation of the effects induced by dental materials. Aim of the paper is to evaluate the use of flow cytometry to analyse crevicular fluid to study its content in terms of inflammatory cells and inflammation mediators. METHODS: Samples of crevicular fluid were collected by aspiration using a bevelled needle mounted on a 5 ml syringe from patients without periodontitis and with periodontitis and multiple heterogeneous dental restorations. This method was adopted since it allows to place the cells of the fluid in suspension. Part of the fluid was analysed by cytology and part by flow cytometry. RESULTS: In the patients without periodontal disease cytological examination revealed the presence of desquamated epithelial cells and colonies of cocci, rods and spirochaetae. In the patients with periodontal disease the same examination revealed, besides the above, the presence of inflammatory cells. Flow cytometry confirmed the findings of cytological examination, thus proving to be an effective method for studying crevicular fluid. CONCLUSIONS: This method allows to identify specific inflammatory cells or mediators of inflammation in crevicular fluid and may therefore prove to be very useful in the study of alterations induced by some dental materials at the level of the gingival sulcus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Associated localization of morphea and lichen planus of the lip in a patient with vitiligo.

Morphea, lichen planus and vitiligo are common diseases, but seldom associated. Morphea or lichen planus in the lips have not frequently been reported, and an associated localization of both lesions in the lip mucosa is indeed a rare event. A case of morphea and lichen planus localized in the upper lip mucosa in a patient with vitiligo is reported. Immunohistochemistry revealed a clear prevalence of T-lymphocytes in the inflammatory infiltrates of morphea and in the band-like infiltrate of the lichen, a finding consistent with previous reports of morphea, lichen planus, and vitiligo. The inverse ratio found between CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes, compared to other reports, seems to confirm that the pathogenesis of morphea and lichen planus evolves through different stages. The present report, besides presenting a rare case, may prompt to consider a common pathogenesis among morphea, lichen planus and vitiligo.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Burrs breaking in oral surgery: a experimental study].

BACKGROUND: This experimental work came out from clinic observations. The deal is to check the factors that can provoke the fracture of the more commonly in oral surgery used burrs, and then reduce the correlated risks to this event. Besides a fracture surface characterisation is done to point out the presence of production and/or stoking defects that can alter the structure. METHODS: Four batches of new surgical burrs (type Lindemann) were examined for a total of 40 samples. The first batch was used as control, the other three were submitted to 5, 10 and 20 sterilisation cycles respectively. Before each cycle disinfectant washing was done. All the samples were then mechanical tested (four point bending test) for the determination of the ultimate tension strength. The fracture surfaces were observed at SEM; a comparison with that of burrs broken during surgery operations was done. RESULTS: The new burrs did not show working defects. The washing and sterilisation processes did not provoke any corrosion attack. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences among the batches were detected from the mechanical tests as well as from micrographic observations.

Equipment Failure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Doppler evaluation of thyroid hemodynamics after intravenous administration of contrast media].

PURPOSE: Duplex Doppler ultrasound allows the evaluation of thyroid gland vascular flow by spectral analysis assessment. The objective of this prospective study was to employ Doppler ultrasound to evaluate the possible functional changes produced in normal subjects following intravenous iodized contrast medium injection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed on 30 non-consecutive subjects, enrolled according to some inclusion criteria: male gender, age ranging between 19 and 70 years, absence of chronic liver disease, absence of thyroid disease, absence of sonographic changes in the thyroid gland, negative history for recent intravenous contrast medium administration. All patients were scheduled for a contrast-enhanced CT study. A non-ionic contrast medium (iomeprol) was employed at 350 mgI/mL concentration, 130-140 mL volume, and 2-4 mL/sec. injection rate. The Doppler ultrasound examination was carried out immediately before and about 30 minutes after the CT study. The systolic velocity, diastolic velocity, the resistive index, and the pulsatility index were measured at the level of one of the four thyroid arteries. RESULTS: In most cases a slightly increasing trend of the four parameters considered was noted but none of these showed a statistically significant change. The mean systolic velocity was of 33 cm/sec. in the basal measurement and of 39 cm/sec. in the post-contrast measurement. The variation was positive in 17 cases, negative in 12, and absent in 1. The mean diastolic velocity was of 13 cm/sec. in the pre-contrast evaluation and of 14 cm/sec. in the second evaluation. The change was positive in 14 cases, negative in 12, and absent in 4. The mean resistive index was of 0.55 in the basal analysis and of 0.59 in the post-contrast one. The variation was positive in 20 patients, negative in 9, and absent in 1. The mean pulsatility index was of 0.99 in the basal measurement and of 1.14 in the second measurement. The change was positive in 23 subjects, negative in 5, and absent in 2. CONCLUSION: Our series shows that no significant change in Doppler spectral analysis of thyroid flow is evident after administration of iodized contrast media, at least in euthyroid subjects and with the contrast doses and the examination intervals employed in our study. Doppler ultrasound is confirmed as an accurate and objective procedure in the evaluation of thyroid gland flow and may represent a useful tool in functional studies, as well as clinical applications in the assessment of thyroid gland disorders.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Buccal-masseteric mycotic abscess as a consequence of dental procedures.

Trismus may represent an external sign of masticatory or lateral pharyngeal abscess that in rare cases is the consequence of pathogen action by micro-organisms introduced in deep tissues after inferior alveolar block. The case presented shows a buccal-masseteric mycotic abscess following restorative procedure involving inferior alveolar anesthesia on the same side. A 49-year-old woman was referred to the Dental Clinic (University of Trieste) complaining of a progressive inability to open her mouth since one week associated to a hemifacial edema in the right parotid region. The symptoms initially started one week before. Infection developed after restorative procedures performed 10 days before on the same side. Based on clinical signs and cultural exam findings, a buccal-masseteric mycotic abscess was found and magnetic resonance (MR) was performed to assess its localization and extension. Initial pharmacological therapy with piperacillin/tazobactam administered intravenously, was replaced by appropriate antimycotic therapy on the basis of sensitivity test to antibiotics. Infection resolution was obtained but complete absence of facial asymmetry occurred after 5 months only. Introduction of micro-organisms during anesthetic alveolar block is a documented source of infection and may occur after dental procedure involving inferior alveolar anesthesia. Complete medical history, cultural exam with sensitivity test to antibiotics and RM or computed tomography (CT) images, are necessary to perform an adequate treatment plan and to administer a correct therapy. Presence of trismus, accompanied by pain or facial edema after dental procedure or during dental or perioral infections has to be carefully considered by clinician to diagnose as soon as possible a deep spaces infection and to avoid serious or life-threatening complications.

Abscess↗