PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Mallié

Publications and source records attributed to M Mallié.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

In vitro susceptibility testing of Candida and Aspergillus spp. to voriconazole and other antifungal agents using Etest: results of a French multicentre study.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antifungal agent voriconazole were determined using the Etest and compared with those of amphotericin B, itraconazole and fluconazole using 1986 clinical isolates of Candida spp. Voriconazole MICs were also compared with those of amphotericin B and itraconazole using 391 clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. Voriconazole was found to have more potent activity and lower MIC values than amphotericin B, itraconazole and fluconazole against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and C. kefyr. Against C. glabrata and C. krusei, voriconazole was more active than either of the other two azole antifungals but had similar activity to amphotericin B. For species of Aspergillus, MIC values of voriconazole were lower than those of amphotericin B and itraconazole against A. fumigatus and A. flavus, and were similar to those of amphotericin B against A. niger. Against A. terreus, MIC values for voriconazole and itraconazole were similar. A. terreus is known to be resistant to amphotericin B, and this was reflected in higher MIC values compared with those of voriconazole and itraconazole. Voriconazole therefore compares very favourably with other antifungal agents against a large number of clinical isolates of Candida and Aspergillus spp.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed2004

Studies on medicinal plants of Ivory Coast: investigation of Sida acuta for in vitro antiplasmodial activities and identification of an active constituent.

Sida acuta Burm. (Malvaceae) originating from Ivory Coast was selected after an ethnobotanical survey: traditional healers of malaria commonly used this plant for the treatment. Extracts were tested on two strains of Plasmodium falciparum: FcM29-Cameroon (chloroquine-resistant strain) and a Nigerian chloroquine-sensitive strain. Extracts were obtained by preparing decoction in water of the powdered plant, the technique used by most of the traditional healers. An ethanol extract was then made and tested. The IC50 values obtained for these extracts ranged from 3.9 to -5.4 microg/ml. Purification of this active fraction led to the identification of cryptolepine as the active antiplasmodial constituent of the plant.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

N'Dribala (Cochlospermum planchonii) versus chloroquine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

The aim of this work was to assess the efficacy of oral N'Dribala (tuberous roots decoction of Cochlospermum planchonii Hook) treatment versus chloroquine in non-severe malaria. The study included 85 patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection in Banfora, Burkina Faso. Forty-six patients that received N'Dribala beverage were compared to 21 patients treated with chloroquine. All patients were monitored with clinical examination and a parasitemia control by Giemsa-stained thick films. N'Dribala appeared safe and statistically as efficient as chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. At day 5 (D5), 57% of chloroquine-treated and 52% of N'Dribala-treated patients were cured with no detectable parasitemia (parasite density (Pd): 0) and more than 90% of whole patients were asymptomatic. N'Dribala is easily available in this country, cheap, without significant side effects and efficient with a clearly demonstrated activity on Plasmodium falciparum blood stages. This study enhances the traditional use of the Cochlospermum planchonii as alternative therapy for treatment of non-severe malaria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Clonality structure in Candida dubliniensis.

Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was performed on 76 European strains of Candida dubliniensis. Ten of the 20 enzyme-encoding loci were polymorphic, giving rise to 10 electrophoretic types within the sample studied. Investigation of the population genetics of a subset of 36 strains from HIV-infected patients in London showed the existence of strong heterozygote deficits and excesses associated with significant linkage disequilibria between pairs of loci. These findings, together with the predominance of multilocus genotypes, strongly suggest that C. dubliniensis is mainly (if not totally) clonal. Analysis of genotypes of a larger number of strains should confirm this conclusion and improve our understanding of the epidemiology of this pathogen.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2002

Antiplasmodial activity of aspidosperma indole alkaloids.

The antiplasmodial activity of twelve alkaloids with an aspidospermane skeleton was estimated in vitro on chloroquine-resistant and sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Seven tetracyclic alkaloids possessing a free ethyl chain such aspidospermine, showed IC50 after incubation for 72 h between 3.2 and 15.4 microM. Moreover, four pentacyclic alkaloids with ethyl chain included in a tetrahydrofuran, such haplocine, showed a reduced activity, with IC50, after 72 h, between 22.6 and 52.6 microM. According to these results, a chloroquine-potentiating experiment was also performed with two of the most active compounds. Isobolograms were obtained and demonstrated a synergic effect of N-formyl-aspidospermidine and aspidospermine when associated with chloroquine. The cytotoxicity and the selectivity index of some alkaloids were also estimated.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2002

Genetic structure of Candida glabrata populations in AIDS and non-AIDS patients.

The genotypes of 63 strains (11 reference strains and 52 strains from hospitalized patients) of the haploid yeast Candida glabrata were determined from 33 putative gene enzymatic loci. This enabled the characterization of 26 different multilocus genotypes. Genetic differentiation was found between distant hospitals (located in Montpellier and Paris, France) but not for other parameters (anatomic origins or human immunodeficiency virus-positive [HIV+] and HIV- patients). Strong nonrandom association between loci could be seen. Such statistical linkages were confirmed upon comparing the patterns of 14 RAPD [random(ly) amplified polymorphic DNA] primers from 20 of these strains to results obtained from multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis. This finding suggests a mainly clonal mode of reproduction of C. glabrata. The consequences of the clonality displayed by C. glabrata populations on the epidemiology of this yeast are also discussed.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2001

Genotypic identification of Candida dubliniensis isolated from HIV patients by MLEE.

Candida dubliniensis is a novel species only recently described. This emerging pathogen shares some of the phenotypic characteristics specific to C. albicans but is genetically different. In this study we typed four strains of atypical C. albicans isolated in our laboratory and compared them to 41 strains of C. albicans and 11 strains of C. dubliniensis by several phenotypic methods and by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Using factorial correspondence analysis, we distinguished C. dubliniensis and the atypical C. albicans strains from all strains of C. albicans. Atypical C. albicans strains were identified as C. dubliniensis.

Alleles↗
PubMed2001

Genetic polymorphism of Aspergillus fumigatus in clinical samples from patients with invasive aspergillosis: investigation using multiple typing methods.

The genotypes of 52 strains of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from 12 patients with invasive aspergillosis were investigated using three typing methods (random amplified polymorphic DNA, sequence-specific DNA polymorphism, and microsatellite polymorphism) combined with multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Isolates were from patients hospitalized in three different geographic areas (Lyon, France; Grenoble, France; and Milan, Italy). In each case, the genetic polymorphism of several colonies (two to five) within the first respiratory clinical sample was studied. For the 52 isolates tested, random amplified polymorphic DNA identified 8 different genotypes, sequence-specific DNA polymorphism identified 9 different types, and microsatellite polymorphism identified 14 types. A combination of these results with multilocus enzyme electrophoresis study identified 25 different types within the sample studied. We identified 3 patients (of the 12 studied) who carried a single genotype; 6 patients were infected by two genotypes, 1 patient had four genotypes, while the last patient had five. A combination of typing methods provided better discrimination than the use of a single method. Typing methods revealed a population structure within each geographical site, suggesting that the epidemiology of A. fumigatus should be considered separately for each of these geographic areas. This study demonstrates the usefulness of combining several typing methods in reaching an understanding of the epidemiology of A. fumigatus and clarifies whether it is sufficient to type one isolate from each specimen to determine the strain involved in invasive aspergillosis.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed2000

Antiplasmodial activity of plant extracts used in west African traditional medicine.

Five plants originating from Ivory Coast were selected after an ethnobotanical survey, Alchornea cordifolia, Mitragyna inermis, Nauclea diderrichii, Pterocarpus santalinoides, and Terminalia glaucescens. Traditional healers for the treatment of malaria commonly used these plants. Extracts of these plants were tested on three strains of Plasmodium falciparum, FcB1-Colombia and FcM29-Cameroon (chloroquine-resistant strains) and a Nigerian chloroquine-sensitive strain. Extracts were obtained by preparing decoction in water of the powdered plant, the technique used by most of the traditional healers. A radioactive micromethod allowed the evaluation of the in vitro activity of the extracts on P. falciparum. Concentrations inhibiting 50% of the parasite growth (IC(50)) ranged from 2.34 to more than 500 microg/ml according to the plant. For the most active plants (A. cordifolia and T. glaucescens) ethanol and pentane extracts were made and tested. The IC(50) values obtained for these extracts ranged from 0.35 to 43.40 microg/ml. The stage specificity of the ethanol extracts of A. cordifolia and T. glaucescens and pentane extract of T. glaucescens on the parasite erythrocytic cycle were determined. The ethanol extract of T. glaucescens showed its highest activity at the transition from the trophozoite to the schizont stages. Cytotoxicity was estimated on human fibroblasts (HeLa) cells and a cytotoxicity/antiplasmodial index was calculated, it ranged between 5 and 21, and the best antiplasmodial extract (T. glaucescens ethanol extract) had the higher index (>20).

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Multicentric genetic study of Candida albicans isolates from non-neutropenic patients using MLEE typing: population structure and mode of reproduction.

A mycological survey was conducted on non-neutropenic patients in three distinct intensive care units in two hospitals in Marseille (France) from November 1993 to November 1995. Candida albicans positive cultures from 62 patients were included in this study. Every first isolate of each patient was typed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). The enzyme profiles obtained from 15 polymorphic loci were then compared. This analysis demonstrated a strong population differentiation of C. albicans infective strains within and between the different care units and confirmed the probable preponderant clonal mode of reproduction of this yeast.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from the first clinical sample from patients with invasive aspergillosis. EBGA Network. European Research Group on Biotype and Genotype of Aspergillus.

The genotypes of 50 isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus from 11 patients with invasive aspergillosis, obtained from three hospitals in different geographical areas, were determined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). The study analysed the genetic polymorphism of multiple isolates from the first sample. Seven of the 14 enzymic loci studied were polymorphic, giving rise to eight different electrophoretic types. For nine of 11 patients studied, no polymorphism was observed in isolates within the first clinical sample. Analysis of genetic distance between electrophoretic types demonstrated a genetic heterogeneity within each geographical site. Moreover, some genotypes were preferentially found in a given area and this revealed a population structure within these geographical sites. Therefore, the epidemiology of A. fumigatus should be considered separately for each of these areas. The multiple discriminatory markers of MLEE seem to provide a powerful tool for increasing the understanding of the biology of this fungus.

Alleles↗
PubMed1999

In vitro antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of cochlospermum tinctorium and C. planchonii leaf extracts and essential oils.

The antimalarial and toxicological properties of Cochlospermum tinctorium and C. planchonii extracts and essential oils prepared from their leaves were studied. The oil components were extracted by hydrodistillation of the plant leaves and characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Crude extracts and oils were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity on Plasmodium falciparum. The IC50 were evaluated after 24 and 72 h contact between the oils and the parasite culture, and ranged from 22 to 500 micrograms/ml. C. planchonii leaf oil yielded the best antimalarial effect (IC50: 22-35 micrograms/ml), while the most potent effect from crude leaf extracts was induced by C. tinctorium. The cytotoxicity of the leaf crude extracts and oils was assessed on the K562 cell line and showed IC50 values ranging between 33 and 2000 micrograms/ml.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed1999

Genetic diversity in the yeast species Malassezia pachydermatis analysed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis.

Fifty-two strains of the yeast species Malassezia pachydermatis were analysed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. M. pachydermatis appeared to be genetically heterogeneous. A total of 27 electrophoretic types were identified that could be divided into five distinct groups with different host specificities. The diversity revealed by this electrophoretic method matched remarkably well the reported genetic variability obtained by comparing large subunit rRNA sequences. This study also suggests that genetic exchanges can occur in the anamorphic species M. pachydermatis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Genetic multilocus studies of different strains of Cryptococcus neoformans: taxonomy and genetic structure.

The genotypes of 107 strains of Cryptococcus isolated from the environment or from patients from various geographical areas were determined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). We analyzed the relationships between genotype structure and serotype and between genotype structure and strain origin. Twelve of the 14 enzyme-encoding loci studied were polymorphic, giving rise to 48 electrophoretic types. The genotypes of C. neoformans and C. laurentii were very similar. MLEE could not distinguish between these two pathogenic species. A correlation between the genetic multilocus structure and the origin of the sample (from the environment or patients) existed. A second analysis detected a correlation between genotype distribution and serotype. The second analysis considered three serotype groups (B, C, and A plus D plus A/D), proving that serotypes A, D, and A/D are closely related. MLEE is a useful epidemiological tool for improving our understanding of the biology of this fungus.

Alleles↗
PubMed1999

[Genotype, serotype and sensitivity to fluconazole of Candida albicans strains isolated from HIV-positive patients].

Genotype, serotype and susceptibility in vitro to fluconazole of 104 C. albicans strains isolated from HIV+ patients were studied. The possible correlations between genotype analysed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and phenotype of medical relevance (serotype and susceptibility to fluconazole) of Candida albicans isolated from these patients treated with fluconazole were evaluated by factorial correspondence analysis. No correlation was observed between genotype and in vitro or clinical response to fluconazole. In counterpart, serotype B C. albicans was associated with some multilocus genotypic patterns.

Antifungal Agents↗