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Biomedical subjects

M Malmström

Publications and source records attributed to M Malmström.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Late effects of radiation treatment of tongue and floor-of-mouth cancer on the dentition, saliva secretion, mucous membranes and the lower jaw.

The purpose of this study was to determine retrospectively any changes in the dentition, saliva secretion, mucous membranes and the lower jaw resulting from the radiation treatment given to patients with cancer of the tongue or floor of the mouth. The study covers 29 patients treated at the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology of Helsinki University Central Hospital between 1972 and 1981. 23 of the patients were treated for cancer of the tongue and the remaining 6 for cancer of the floor of the mouth. The radiation doses ranged from 5300 to 6700 rad. Clinical examination revealed that the number of carious teeth doubled as a result of radiotherapy, while the incidence of cervical lesions increased by a factor of 10, both compared with the controls. About 70% of the patients studied were found to have either moderate or extensive fungal growth. Stimulated saliva secretion had fallen to about 20% and resting saliva secretion to about 30% of the values for the control group. Radiography revealed pathological changes in the mandible in 34% of the patients. Clinically, 2 patients were found to have extra-oral fistulae. In 1 of these, the spontaneously fractured end of the mandible was visible for several cms. 3 of the patients had undergone hemimandibulectomy because of osteoradionecrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Snuff-induced lesions in Finnish recruits.

Snuff-induced lesions from 21 snuff users were studied clinically, histologically and by electron microscopy. Clinically most lesions appeared coarsely wrinkled, grayish white and slightly elevated. All lesions were found in the upper vestibular area. Histologically, epithelial thickening, acanthosis, vacuolation of surface cells and a slight subepithelial inflammatory reaction were seen. The electron microscopic findings revealed an intact basement lamina, increased tonofilament concentration moving up towards the surface of the epithelium, widening of intercellular spaces in the spinous cell layer and partial keratinization of surface cells. The salivary flow of resting saliva showed a slightly significant increase compared to controls. That of stimulated saliva was not significantly increased among snuff users.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Sjögren's syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: immune effector cells in salivary glands.

A simultaneously capturing azo dye method for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase was used to characterize the cellular infiltrate in labial salivary glands in 25 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). There was no significant difference in the T-pattern lymphocyte percentage in situ between the untreated group with SS and the group treated with 10 +/- 2 mg prednisone/day. There was a significant correlation (P less than 0.05) between the T-pattern lymphocyte percentage in situ and the focus-score value. In secondary (2 degrees) SS in cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis, respectively, 55% +/- 4% (range 41-69) and 43% +/- 7% (range 15-80) of all inflammatory cells in the periductal lymphocyte-rich infiltrates were T-pattern lymphocytes. In other SS patients the corresponding value was 28% +/- 7% (range 4-50). The T-pattern lymphocyte percentage in situ was dependent on the disorder associated with SS (P = 0.07). The present results indicate the dominance of T-lymphocytes in situ in 2 degrees SS with SLE and suggest that there are differences in cell-mediated immunity in different clinical subgroups of SS.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Immunological features of patients with chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible.

Immunological status was studied in 15 patients, aged 11 to 71 years, with chronic sclerosing mandibular osteomyelitis. Duration of disease ranged from 1 to 16 years. Routine serological and immunological tests revealed some abnormality in all patients. All except one had an accelerated ESR. The Waaler-Rose titre was raised in 3 patients; in 1 it was 2000 (normal less than 32). Nuclear antibodies were detected in 2 patients, organ-specific antibodies in 3, and antibodies to double-stranded DNA in 1. In only 4 patients were the serum concentrations of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE within normal limits; all had normal concentrations of C3 and C4. None had raised antibody titres against viruses or precipitating antibodies to either milk protein or gluten. In none could evidence of food allergy be detected. PHA stimulation of lymphocytes was normal in all patients. HLA-typing in 12 patients showed that 4 had the antigen B13, 3 had B27, and of these 3 patients had the combination B13, B27. The function of neutrophils was studied in 5 patients. In all these patients the chemokinesis was significantly increased, whereas other phagocytic activities were normal. Most of our patients had a hyperactive humoral immune response. The clinical relevance of this finding awaits further, mainly immunogenetic, study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Immunogenetic markers and immune response in patients with recurrent oral ulceration.

20 patients, aged 20 to 72 years (mean 36.5 years), 14 with recurrent (RAS) and 6 with recurrent cicatrizing (RCAS) aphthous stomatitis were studied. 3 patients (15%) had the HLA locus A11 antigen, whose frequency in the Finnish population is 8%. 5 patients (25%) had B12, which occurs in 15% of the normal population. Results of routine serological tests were normal. All had normal serum levels of IgG, IgM, IgA and complements C3 and C4. 4 patients, 2 with RAS and 2 with RCAS, had raised serum IgE. Precipitating antibodies against milk protein were detected in 2 patients and against gluten in 1. In 4 patients, tests for immediate allergy were positive. 5 patients had antibodies to double-stranded DNA. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions were normal, and the PHA stimulation of lymphocytes elicited normal T-cell responses in all patients except one with RCAS. In this patient, there was a striking parallelism between an increase in PHA-reactive lymphocytes and clinical improvement. The serum of this patient contained a binder for 125I-labelled PHA, a binder not consistently detected in the other patients with ROU. Lymphocyte dysfunction may play a rôle in ROU. Of the 16 biopsy specimens of aphthous tissue studied by direct immunofluorescence for IgG, IgM, IgA, fibrinogen and C3, 15 specimens contained deposits of C3 in and along mucosal vessels, whereas among the 15 controls only 1 specimen of erosive lichen planus showed deposits of C3 along capillary walls. Immune complexes precipitating in capillary walls appear to be a common feature of ROU.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Immunocompetent cells in labial salivary glands in secondary Sjögren's syndrome associated with SLE.

T and B lymphocyte (sub)populations were identified by monoclonal hybridoma antibodies (the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method), in the periductal lymphocyte-rich infiltrates in the labial salivary glands of 8 patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome (2 degrees SS) associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). 59 +/- 7% and 17 +/- 3% of inflammatory round cells in situ were T3-positive and surface(SIg)- or cytoplasmic(CIg) immunoglobulin-positive, respectively. This suggests a local T lymphocyte dominance in salivary glands in 2 degrees SS associated with SLE. The local ratio of cells expressing T inducer/helper: T suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype was 3.5 +/- 0.8 (range 0.9-7.6) indicating large variations between individual patients. 46 +/- 9% of all inflammatory cells in situ were endogenous peroxidase-negative, Ia-positive cells, suggesting an active role for the locally accumulated T lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Oral lesions in lichen planus and systemic lupus erythematosus. A histochemical and immunohistochemical study.

The present study aimed to characterize and compare the inflammatory cells in the oral lesions in lichen planus and systemic lupus erythematosus. The inflammatory cell subtypes were identified by the combined use of morphological criteria and intracellular markers. In lichen planus 70-90% of all lymphocytes in a band-like submucosal infiltrate were acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (= ANAE)-positive T lymphocytes. The lymphocyte band was sandwiched between mature tissue macrophages and plasma cells. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) the lymphoid cell infiltrate pattern was more variable with extension of the infiltrate to the deeper connective layers and with a more patchy arrangement. The number of ANAE-negative (B) lymphocytes equalled the numbers of ANAE-positive T lymphocytes. In addition, large numbers of plasma cells were present in some lupus patients. In both diseases IgG was produced by 80% of all plasma cells in situ and there were equal portions of cells containing kappa and lambda light chains.

Histocytochemistry↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of autotransplantations of completely developed maxillary canines.

Transplantation of 28 maxillary canines was followed up in 22 patients with an average age of 25.2 s.d. 9.9 years. The root was fully developed. The mean immobilization time was 6.6 weeks and the mean follow-up period 17.8 months. Results seemed to be better in the age group of 13--20 years than in 21--30 and 31--47 years. Statistically significant better results were found in the youngest than in the older groups in the return of vitality, vertical bone resorption, periodontal space in the lamina dura. Four of the 28 teeth were extracted because of great mobility caused by poor bone regeneration and vertical resorption of the alveolar bone: three in the middle age group and one in the oldest. Pulp extirpation was performed on nine teeth: six in the oldest group and three in the middle group. Vitality returned in only three teeth, all of which belonged to the youngest group. Root resorption was observed in all age groups; in 76% of the cases it occurred in the apical third, and was generally inflammatory. The causes of the failure of transplantation were considered to include damage of the transplant during removal from deep palatal malposition, poor regeneration of the bone around the transplant and chronic periodontal infection. The prognosis for transplantation was found to be fairly good for patients under 20 years of age but poorer for older age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Antral gastrin cells. A correlation between the number of gastrin cells and the total concentration of gastrin in serum and in antral mucosa. A pilot investigation.

Correlation between the gastrin cell number of delineated by immunohistological staining and the gastrin content in blood and antral mucosa has been studied in biopsies from the antral region of the human stomach. With a semiquantitative score system of the antral gastrin cells, we found correlation between the number of cells and the gastrin content in mucosa and serum and the grade of atrophic pyloric gastritis in 52 patients with different gastric diseases. It is concluded that further studies will be necessary before it is possible to estimate the total mass of gastrin cells and thereby compare different clinical groups.

Adult↗