Biomedical subjects

M Mansikka

Publications and source records attributed to M Mansikka.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1979

Flunitrazepam versus placebo premedication for minor surgery.

The clinical effects of oral flunitrazepam (2 mg on the night before operation followed by 2 mg on the morning of operation) and placebo as premedicants were tested in a double-blind study in 81 gynaecological patients. The separate or total concentrations of flunitrazepam and its demethylated metabolite in plasma (measured by gas chromatography) were correlated with the clinical effects of flunitrapam premedication, assessed both sugjectively and objectively. In most parameters tested (sleep on the night before operation, sedation, apprehension, headache, pulse rate), there was a positive, significant difference between the flunitrazepam group (n = 44) and the placebo group (n = 37). No significant difference was found between the two groups in emetic effect, excitement, systolic blood pressure increase, and vene-puncture, but the patients receiving flunitrazepam felt significantly more dizziness. The temperature of the left forefinger before, during and after the anaesthesia did not vary significantly between the two groups. There was no correlation between the plasma concentration of flunitrazepam and its demethylated metabolite (separate or total concentrations) and any of the parameters tested before induction of anaesthesia. Flunitrazepam is a new oral premedicant with prominent sedative and anxiolytic actions. When the drug is given as a sedative on the night before operation, followed by a second dose on the morning of operation, the beneficial effects last for at least 8 hours after the second dose.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Oral oxazepam as a premedicant in minor surgery.

The clinical effects of oral oxazepam and placebo as premedicants were tested in a double-blind study in 40 gynaecological patients. The gas chromatographically measured concentrations of the active, unconjugated forms of oxazepam in the plasma were correlated with the clinical effects of oxazepam, assessed both subjectively and objectively. The insertion of an intravenous cannula was significantly more difficult (p less than 0.001) in the placebo premedicated group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the cutaneous temperature of the left forefinger. Of the eleven parameters tested there was a significant difference between the oxazepam and placebo group in the quality of sleep on the night before operation (p less than 0.05) and in the degree of preoperative sedation (p less than 0.01). The combined results of the eleven parameters of the oxazepam group also differed positively significantly from the placebo group (p less than 0.01). There was no obvious relationship between the plasma concentration and clinical effect of oxazepam.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed1977

Nitrazepam premedication for minor surgery.

Sixty-one patients received nitrazepam 5 mg by mouth on the night before operation, followed by 2.5 mg given on the morning of operation and were compared with 60 patients who received no premedication. All were undergoing either therapeutic abortion, by dilatation and curettage, or explorative curettage. The plasma concentrations of nitrazepam were determined by gas chromatography and compared with the clinical effects of the drug. The premedicated patients slept better on the night before operation, and were more sedated and less apprehensive. Headache was more frequent following nitrazepam. There was no significant difference between the groups in respect of dizziness and nausea. The unpremedicated patients had a faster average heart rate. There was no obvious relationship between the plasma concentration of nitrazepam and the quality of sleep, degree of sedation, apprehension, excitement or headache.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1976

Halothane anaesthesia in caesarean section.

The safety and efficacy of halothane anaesthesia were investigated in 97 caesarean sections using 0.4-0.6% halothane added to a mixture of 61 N2O/3-4 1 O2. The administration of halothane was initiated before intubation and terminated immediately prior to delivery. Only one patient reported memories from the operation. The mean Apgar score 1 min after delivery (8.5) was significantly better than that (8.2) in 100 caesarean sections in which a mixture of 71 N2O/3 1 O2 was used. In 17 caesarean sections, the halothane concentrations were examined after 0.9% halothane had been given for exactly 1 min after intubation. It was found that halothane reached and passed the placenta after only 1 min. The levels in the maternal artery and umbilical vein were comparable. The levels in the maternal artery, maternal vein and umbilical vein were markedly higher than in the umbilical artery, which indicated an accumulation of halothane in the foetal tissues. However, due to the vigour of the newborn, halothane concentrations 10 min after birth were very low. The half-life of halothane in the maternal circulation was approximately 1 min with the described method of administration. Blood gas determinations, which were made in seven newborns, proved satisfactory.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗