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Biomedical subjects

M Marchetti

Publications and source records attributed to M Marchetti.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The clinical and echocardiographic parameters at rest and during mental arithmetic stress in preadolescent subjects with a hypertensive parent].

Previous studies have showed that a genetic predisposition and/or a family history of essential hypertension may play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular changes in borderline hypertensive patients. Moreover, mental stress has been identified as contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare the possible changes in blood pressure and Doppler echocardiographic parameters in resting and during mental arithmetic stress in 21 children with a hypertensive parent (Group I) and 21 age-matched children with normotensive parents (Group II), similar for body mass index, alimentary and life habits, and not differing in resting blood pressure, heart rate and Doppler echocardiographic parameters. Mass index was slightly but not significantly high in Group I with respect to controls. During mental stress only in the children with a family history of hypertension there was a significant increase (p < 0.02) in systolic blood pressure. A positive relation between the increase in systolic blood pressure and end-diastolic thickness of interventricular septum and posterior wall was observed in the same group. In addition a close relation (p < 0.05) between mass index and end-systolic left ventricular stress at rest was evidenced, whereas a negative relation (p < 0.03) between the increase in systolic blood pressure on one side and the early peak diastolic filling velocity (Vmax E) and the ratio of early to atrial peak diastolic filling velocity (Vmax E/Vmax A), on the other side, were found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Serological screening for herpes simplex virus during pregnancy.

620 pregnant women living in the Province of Padua were submitted to serological screening for Herpes simplex virus antibody activity. A prevalence of 82.26% was found in the population; the Authors discuss the significance of the findings with special regard to relevant obstetric questions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Clinical experience in gynaecological cancer management. D) Ovarian tumors--non-epithelial: report from the Gynaecological Institute of Padua University.

All the non-epithelial ovarian tumors observed from 1963 to 1991 in the Gynaecologic and Obstetric Institute of Padua University (I clinic Padova, II clinic Verona) are evaluated in order to outline the value of some risk factors: Post-Surgical FIGO stage, histotype and treatments. Sex-cord stromal tumors, germ cell tumors, sarcomas and gonadoblastomas are analyzed separately because of their different epidemiology and biology. The most important risk factor for prognosis is certainly the tumor stage at the first diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Endometrial cancer treatment today.

The Authors stress the role of surgery in the clinical management of endometrial cancer. The half Century case-series of Padua Gynaecologic Institute is considered.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1992

Prolonged bleeding time in patients with lupus anticoagulant.

Platelet adhesion to collagen under flow conditions was studied in 18 patients with lupus anticoagulant, seven of which showed a prolonged bleeding time in the presence of a normal platelet count. The effect of patient plasma, IgG and purified anticardiolipin antibodies on platelet adhesion was also examined. We found a significant reduction of platelet adhesion in patients with lupus anticoagulant, which was more evident in patients with prolonged bleeding time. This platelet adhesion defect could be attributed to a plasma factor. In fact, patients' platelets regained normal adhesion when mixed with normal plasma, whereas controls' platelets showed abnormal adhesion in the presence of patient plasma. A causative role of antiphospholipid antibodies was demonstrated in experiments using purified immunoglobulins and anticardiolipin antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

SA-11 rotavirus binding to human serum lipoproteins.

An investigation of SA-11 rotavirus binding to human serum lipoproteins was carried out. Various subclasses of lipoproteins, purified by ultracentrifugal flotation, and apoproteins were tested for their activity in inhibiting viral infectivity and hemagglutination. All tested lipoprotein subclasses (very low, low and high density, lipoproteins; VLDL, LDL, HDL, HDL1) were shown to interact with SA-11 rotavirus: VLDL and LDL were the most active in preventing rotavirus replication, whereas HDL and HDL1 inhibited viral hemagglutination to a greater extent. Moreover, A1 and A2 apoproteins were effective towards both viral infectivity and hemagglutination. Results obtained are in agreement with a preferential interaction of VP7 or VP4 proteolytic products with low density lipoproteins and of VP8* with high density lipoproteins. Binding of SA-11 to lipoproteins or apoproteins was also quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure and lipoproteins-virus interaction was visualized by electron microscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Can evoked phonomyography be used to recognize fast and slow muscle in man?

The present study is aimed at ascertaining if muscle sound might be used as a detector of the contractile properties of individual human muscles "in vivo". In order to test this hypothesis, Soleus muscle (slow) and Vastus Lateralis Femoris muscle (fast) were investigated in three healthy subjects during electrically elicited contractions. Evoked phonomyograms were obtained from isometric single twitch contractions using a microphonic apparatus. Time and frequency domain analysis were performed. Evoked phonomyogram rising time values obtained from the two muscles are significantly different (p less than .01) and this difference is clearly due to their different mechanical properties. The power spectrum of all signals was obtained by means of harmonic analysis routine and mean frequency thus obtained was taken into account. Power spectrum values are approximately 1.5 times greater in fast muscle than in slow muscle (p less than .01). These findings lead us to the conclusion that evoked phonomyography can be considered a useful technique for the assessment of mechanical properties of individual human muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of inhibitors of HeLa cell structures and functions on Escherichia coli HB101 (PRI203) entry process.

We investigated the effect of some eucaryotic cytoplasmic structure and function inhibitors on the entry into HeLa cells of the Escherichia coli HB101 K12 strain, harbouring the recombinant plasmid pRI203, in which is cloned a 3.2 Kb chromosomal fragment of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Substances impairing microfilament structures and functions (cytochalasin B and trifluoroperazine) significantly reduced invasion ability whereas microtubule organization inhibitors (colchicine and vinblastine) were ineffective. Data obtained with a lipophilic weak base (methylamine), which raises the pH of intracellular vesicles, demonstrated that, in entry pathway of E. coli HB101 (pRI203), endosome acidification is not required. Host cell energy has been shown to contribute to bacterial internalization since the presence of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis inhibitors (sodium azide, 2-dinitrophenol and 2-deoxy-D-glucose) during the invasion process, affected bacterial entry.

Colchicine↗
PubMed1992

Effect of enterovirus infection on susceptibility of HeLa cells to Shigella flexneri invasivity.

Invasiveness of Shigella flexneri M90T in HeLa cells was significantly increased when cells were preinfected with poliovirus 1, coxsackievirus B3 and echovirus 6. This effect was dependent on the dose of virus used, evident at early stages of viral infection and lasted hours before the appearance of a cytopathic effect. An increase of bacterial invasion ability was also noticed when HeLa cells were incubated with UV-inactivated enteroviruses. This enhancing effect obtained with both viable and UV-inactivated enteroviruses was not observed when in coinfection experiments HN555, a mutant of S. flexneri M90T which lacked invasive properties, was used. The data presented here suggest that the early steps of enterovirus infection induce some alterations of HeLa cells which are responsible for the enhancing of the invasiveness of S. flexneri M90T, but not sufficient to promote internalization of a non-invasive strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Carcinoma of the vulva: critical analysis of survival and treatment of recurrences.

Prognostic variables in vulvar cancer include: stage, lymph nodal status, tumour diameter, vascular space invasion, depth of invasion. Treatment must in the cost/benefit balance, be adequate to these prognostic variables and surgery is today the cornerstone in vulvar cancer management. In early stages it is possible to control the disease with personalized radical non-mutilant operations limiting the high incidence of complications of the past, without endangering the 5-year survival rate. The risk of relapses is related to some factors such as site of tumour growth, depth of tumoural infiltration, lymphnode involvement and vascular space involvement. Relapses appear earlier in the groin than in the primitive sites and cases with more than 3 effected nodes have a higher incidence of recurrences in any site. Survival in related to localization and time of relapses. The treatment of recurrence is personalized for different sites, almost always surgical, in local recurrences.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Fertility after ovarian cancer treatment.

Considering the important improvement of surgical techniques and chemotherapy in the last few years, it is possible today, in selected cases of patients previously treated for ovarian cancer, to support their desire for motherhood, thus improving the quality of life for them. The major problem for the Gynecologic Oncologist in treating young women for ovarian tumour is the lack of statistically significant experience world-wide, because of the very few cases in which the reproductive function is preserved, and pregnancy is subsequently possible. In this report the problem is discussed, and the results obtained in our Institute are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Carcinoma of the vulva: critical analysis of survival and treatment of recurrences.

Survival analysis of 181 vulvar cancer patients shows that stage and lymph nodal spread remain the most important prognostic factors. Other prognostic elements are: depth of stromal infiltration, thickness and site of the lesion, vascular space invasion. Precise definition of these pathological prognostic elements may be obtained only after appropriate surgical pathological evaluation of the primary lesion and regional nodes. Treatment must be adequate in the cost-benefit balance and surgery is the cornerstone in vulvar cancer management. Risk of relapse is statistically correlated with site of primary tumour, depth of infiltration, lymph nodal invasion and vascular space invasion. The treatment of recurrence is personalized for different sites but surgery is the elective treatment of the local recurrences.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Fertility after ovarian cancer treatment.

Considering the important improvement of surgical techniques and chemotherapy in the last few years, it is possible today, in selected cases of patients previously treated for ovarian cancer, to support their desire for motherhood, thus improving the quality of life for them. The major problem for the Gynecologic Oncologist in treating young women for ovarian tumour is the lack of statistically significant experience world-wide, because of the very few cases in which the reproductive function is preserved, and pregnancy is subsequently possible. In this report the problem is discussed, and the results obtained in our Institute are presented.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Clinical experience in gynecological cancer management. d). Ovarian tumors--1) Epithelial: report from the Gynaecological Institutes of Padua University (1963-1990).

A complete review of case series from 1963 to 1990 allows some considerations and conclusions on the clinical management of epithelial ovarian cancer. In the aim of early diagnosis, the ovarian condition must be evaluated also by ultrasound scans, in every woman, at every gynaecological control, and every ovarian or pelvic mass must be carefully examined and removed. Staging is generally recognized as reliable only by surgical pathological evaluation, (SPS) as in post-surgical FIGO staging. Therapy is based on adequate chemosurgical strategy. Surgery, performed in maximum effort, must aim at radicality or adequate debulking, avoiding, however too heavy mutilations, almost always useless for prognosis. Lymphadenectomy, in advanced cases, should be selectively and not systematically performed. Cyclophosphamide and Cis-Platinum appear to be, today too, the most effective regimens as first line chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy must still be well evaluated in its cost-benefit balance and personalized in particular cases. Second laparotomic look must be personalized in respect to residual disease after primary surgery and tumoral aggressiveness factors.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Rapid and sensitive determination of phenylurea herbicides in water in the presence of their anilines by extraction with a Carbopack cartridge followed by liquid chromatography.

A rapid and sensitive method for determining phenylurea herbicides in environmental aqueous samples in the presence of their anilines is described. The water sample is preconcentrated by passage at a flow-rate of ca. 150 ml/min through a 250-mg graphitized carbon black (Carbopack B) cartridge. After washing with 0.6 ml of methanol, the Carbopack B trap is connected with a cartridge containing a strong cation exchanger. Organics trapped by the Carbopack cartridge are eluted by passage of 6 ml of methylene chloride-methanol (95:5, v/v). Anilines and other basic compounds are quantitatively subtracted from the solvent system while flowing through the cation-exchange cartridge. After evaporation and redissolution, the sample is subjected to reversed-phase gradient elution high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 250 nm. Recoveries of phenylureas added to water at levels between 30 and 3000 ng/l were higher than 92%. The limit of detection was about 1 ng/l, for a 2-1 sample. With respect to an octadecyl (C18)-bonded silica cartridge, the Carbopack B cartridge had a far better extraction efficiency for polar phenylureas.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1991

Multiresidue method for pesticides in drinking water using a graphitized carbon black cartridge extraction and liquid chromatographic analysis.

A general liquid-solid extraction procedure for the isolation of pesticides from groundwater and drinking water for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is presented. This simple and rapid procedure involved passing a 2-L sample through a 250-mg graphitized carbon black (Carbopack B) cartridge at a flow rate of 150-160 mL/min. By taking advantage of the presence of positively charged active centers on the Carbopack B surface, a stepwise elution system allowed the complete separation of base-neutral pesticides from acidic ones. After partial solvent removal, the components in the two fractions were separated and quantified by gradient elution, reversed-phase HPLC with ultraviolet (UV) detection. The performance of the Carbopack cartridge was compared with that of a 500-mg C-18 bonded silica cartridge. With the Carbopack cartridge, the grand mean measurement accuracy of the 35 pesticides considered was 95%. With the C-18 cartridge, the grand mean measurement accuracy of the analytes was 76%. Compared to the C-18 cartridge, additional advantages of using a Carbopack cartridge are that the extraction procedure is about 7 times shorter, no pH adjustment of the environmental sample is necessary for trapping acidic compounds, and one cartridge instead of two suffices to extract base-neutral and acidic pesticides, making the Carbopack cartridge more adaptable than the C-18 one for field use. The detection limits by this method of all the pesticides considered were between 0.003 and 0.07 micrograms/L.

Carbon↗
PubMed1991

The asymmetric hydroformylation in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals.

The asymmetric hydroformylation reaction represents a potential powerful synthetic tool for the preparation of large number of different chiral products to be used as precursors of several organic compounds endowed with therapeutic activity. Essential and nonessential amino acids, 2-arylpropanoic acids, aryloxypropyl- and beta-phenylpropylamines, modified beta-phenylethylamines, pheniramines, and other classes of pharmaceuticals are available through enantioselective oxo-reaction of appropriate functionalized olefins; this process is catalyzed by rhodium or platinum complexes with chiral ligands, mainly chelating phosphines, and sometimes affords very high enantiomeric excesses. Furthermore, the application of many simple optically active aldehydes arising from asymmetric hydroformylation as chiral building blocks for the synthesis of complex pharmacologically active molecules such as antibiotics, peptides, antitumor macrocycle compounds, and prostaglandins is conveniently emphasized. The possibility of a future application of this asymmetric process for the production of many synthons to obtain other valuable pharmaceuticals is widely discussed too.

Amines↗