Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Markham.
Direct liquid crystal templating from non-ionic polyoxyethylene surfactants has been utilised to produce well-defined birefringent films of nanostructured cadmium telluride films which displayed good optical properties as evidenced by UV/VIS reflectance spectroscopy.
The use of a helium-oxygen (heliox) mixture in patients with airway obstruction was used as early as the 1930s. Although heliox does not resolve airway obstruction, it decreases airway resistance providing time to allow other treatments to become therapeutic, and thus, possibly preventing the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation. Despite new and advanced treatment options in airway obstruction, heliox continues to be a choice for treatment. It is important for critical care nurses to understand the rationale for the use of heliox, the mechanism of action and administration of heliox. Through a case study, the authors discuss the physical properties of helium and its use in airway obstruction. Nursing management of patients receiving heliox is also reviewed.
A case of spontaneous recurrent acute tumor lysis syndrome is presented in a woman with inflammatory breast cancer. The occurrence of tumor lysis syndrome in solid tumors is unusual, and spontaneous cases are rare. This and other unusual aspects of this case are discussed.
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The 24-hr mean plasma concentrations of dehydroisoandrosterone (DHA) and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate were measured in 11 women with primary operable breast cancer, ages 31 to 78 years, and in 37 normal women, ages 21 to 75 years. In contrast to the marked and progressive decline of DHA and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate concentration with age in the normal women, the concentrations of both steroids were age invariant in the cancer patients. The premenopausal patients had subnormal plasma DHA and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate levels, while the post menopausal patients had supranormal levels. Since the plasma DHA/androsterone ratio was normal in the premenopausal patients and significantly elevated in the postmenopausal patients, it is postulated that the subnormal plasma adrenal androgen levels in the premenopausal patients were due principally to diminished production of these steroids, while the elevated plasma levels in the postmenopausal patients were due principally to slowed metabolic removal. Reports in the literature that DHA inhibits the development of breast cancer in mice suggest that the subnormal plasma DHA levels in premenopausal breast cancer may have clinical significance.
24-hour mean plasma levels of T3 and T4 were compared in 29 rigorously selected breast cancer patients (all stages) and 27 healthy women, and 8 A.M. "spot" plasma T4 levels were compared in 43 consecutive unselected breast cancer patients (all stages), 22 women with other-than-breast cancer, 21 women with miscellaneous non-cancerous illnesses, and the same 27 healthy women. The 24-hour T3 levels were the same in the breast cancer patients and healthy controls, but the 24-hour T4 levels were significantly higher in the cancer patients (7.7 vs 5.8 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.001); equal elevations were present in all stages of cancer. Spot T4 levels were likewise significantly higher in the breast cancer patients than in the healthy controls (8.8 vs 7.3 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.005). The women with other-than-breast cancer and the women with miscellaneous non-cancerous illnesses also showed significant elevations of spot T4 levels, indistinguishable from those of the breast cancer patients. It is concluded that breast cancer patients as a group show significant hyperthyroxinemia and that this finding may represent a second nonspecific abnormality of thyroid hormones in disease, hypotriiodothyroninemia (low-T3 syndrome) being the first.
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Interpretation of radiologic images is an essential skill for the emergency physician. This is the second of two sets of objectives for an off-service rotation in radiology. The first covered the interpretation of plain films. This series addresses commonly used imaging modalities such as contrast media, ultrasound, computed tomography, nuclear medicine, and magnetic resonance imaging. This set of objectives may be used to guide a one-month radiology rotation or to serve as part of a teaching program integrated with didactic training and emergency department experience.
Internal Medicine is an essential but diverse field. This is the first in a three-part set of objectives for an off-service rotation in general internal medicine. This series may be used to guide the resident during the rotation or to serve as part of a teaching program integrated with didactic training and emergency department experience.
Internal medicine is an essential but diverse field. This is the second in a three-part set of objectives for an off-service rotation in general internal medicine. This series may be used to guide the resident during the rotation or to serve as part of a teaching program integrated with didactic training and emergency department experience.
Internal medicine is an essential but diverse field. This is the third in a three-part set of objectives for an off-service rotation in general internal medicine for emergency medicine residents. This series may be used to guide the resident during the rotation or to serve as part of a teaching program integrated with didactic training and emergency department experience.