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Biomedical subjects

M Markianos

Publications and source records attributed to M Markianos.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Increased dopamine turnover in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The main dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), was measured in urine samples from 35 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) and in 38 normal menstruating women of the same age range. In both groups the plasma levels of LH, FSH, prolactin and testosterone were also measured. HVA excretion was significantly increased in women with PCO. Plasma levels of LH correlated negatively (r = -0.6268, 2a less than 0.001) to urinary HVA in the group of normal women. This correlation did not exist in the women with PCO. The results suggest that there is a disturbance of the inhibitory influence of dopamine on LH secretion in women with the syndrome, which is not due to a deficient synthesis or utilization of dopamine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Platelet monoamine oxidase, plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity, dementia and family history of alcoholism in chronic alcoholics.

The authors measured platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in 36 male chronic alcoholics during a period of non-abstinence, and in 29 normal controls. The influence of family history, dementia, chronicity of drinking and liver injury on the enzyme activities was also examined by multiple regression analysis. Platelet MAO was significantly lower in the alcoholic group. Both enzyme activities were negatively related to the presence of dementia, while low MAO activity was associated with positive family history (parents, sibs) of alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Clonidine in the treatment of mixed bipolar disorder.

In a mixed bipolar disorder patient, DST-positive, treated with neuroleptics and antidepressants, the addition of clonidine (up to 0.6 mg/day) caused a rapid improvement in his psychopathology, without any significant side effects. The concentrations of the metabolites of noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin (MHPG, HVA, and 5-HIAA), the hormone prolactin and the activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase estimated in plasma during the clonidine trial are also reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of treatment with various doses of haloperidol on the pituitary-gonadal axis in male schizophrenic patients.

Fifteen male paranoid schizophrenics underwent an initial 4-week therapy with haloperidol 7.5 mg/day, and a subsequent 4-week treatment with haloperidol 15 mg/day, p.o. (group I). Another 15 male paranoid schizophrenics received an initial 4-week treatment with haloperidol 30 mg/day, and a subsequent 4-week therapy with haloperidol 60 mg/day, p.o. (group II). In each group of patients, serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) levels were measured before treatment and at the end of the two consecutive periods of treatment. A dose-related increase in serum PRL levels was found in both groups of medicated patients. Serum LH levels were not significantly affected by haloperidol treatment. A significant decrease in serum T levels was detected only in group II medicated patients, i.e., in the patients who were treated with relatively high daily doses (30 or 60 mg/day) of haloperidol.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Altered serotonin uptake kinetics in multiple sclerosis.

Platelet serotonin uptake was studied in 20 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in acute relapse and in 20 age- and sex-matched controls. While there was no difference in the maximum velocity of the uptake, Michaelis constants were significantly higher and correlated positively with the Disability Status Scale score. The results suggest a competitive block of the serotonin uptake sites in platelets of MS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of 4 weeks treatment with chlorpromazine and/or trihexyphenidyl on the pituitary-gonadal axis in male paranoid schizophrenics.

Serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) levels were estimated in a group of 30 male paranoid schizophrenics before and after 4 weeks treatment with chlorpromazine and/or trihexyphenidyl, and in a group of 14 healthy male individuals. After treatment with chlorpromazine (100 mg t.i.d., p.o.), 10 patients presented a significant increase in serum PRL values and a significant decrease in serum T values. A significant increase in serum PRL values was also found in 10 patients who were treated with chlorpromazine (100 mg t.i.d., p.o.) plus trihexyphenidyl (5 mg t.i.d., p.o.). No significant difference in any of the investigated endocrine parameters was detected in 10 patients after 4 weeks administration of trihexyphenidyl (5 mg t.i.d., p.o.). Following chlorpromazine treatment with or without concomitant administration of trihexyphenidyl, 20 patients showed a significant increase in serum PRL levels and a significant decrease in serum LH and T levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Plasma cyclic AMP in non-abstinent chronic alcoholics. Relation to clinical parameters.

Plasma cyclic AMP levels were determined in a group of 36 male chronic alcoholics during a period of their usual alcohol intake and compared to 29 normal controls. Significantly lower values (P less than 0.005) were found in the patient group. The possible influence of age, chronicity of drinking, family history of alcoholism, dementia and liver injury on plasma cAMP levels was examined by multiple regression analysis. No influence of those factors could be established except that demented alcoholics showed a trend toward higher levels than a non-demented subgroup. The role of reduced beta-adrenergic receptor activity during chronic alcohol ingestion is discussed in relation to the above findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Low plasma cyclic nucleotides in multiple sclerosis.

The concentrations of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were estimated in plasma of 26 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) in relapse, and compared to that of 26 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. MS patients had significantly lower levels of both nucleotides. The levels of c-GMP correlated negatively to the Disability Status Scale score.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Neurochemical variables in delusional depression.

The authors assayed plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity, platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, plasma prolactin, the urinary monoamine metabolites 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA), and urinary cAMP from 18 delusional and 22 nondelusional depressed inpatients. No significant differences between the two groups were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of moclobemide on clinical and neurochemical variables in depressed patients (preliminary findings).

In this paper the preliminary results from an ongoing investigation on the effect of the MAO-A inhibitor moclobemide on clinicolaboratory variables (antidepressant effect, platelet MAO activity, urinary MHPG and 5-HIAA excretion, plasma prolactin and growth hormone levels and TSH response to TRH) are reported. From the total of 18 patients, 10 (2 males and 8 females) responded favourably (reduction in the HDRS 50% or more) to the treatment. Urine MHPG excretion significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased during treatment, while 5-HIAA secretion showed a less pronounced decrease (p less than 0.05). Plasma PRL and GH remained unchanged, while the TSH-response to TRH increased significantly (p less than 0.025) after 4-week treatment. A significant correlation was found between MHPG pretreatment values and treatment outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The patterns of prolactin release by ECT and TRH compared.

The patterns of prolactin release after bilateral ECT and after 0.4 mg TRH i.v. were studied in 11 female melancholic patients in a 5-min sampling protocol. Mean prolactin peaking times were 10.2 min after ECT and 20.5 min after TRH. The elimination rate coefficients were significantly lower--and the corresponding half-lives longer--for prolactin released by TRH than by ECT. A significant positive correlation of the maximal prolactin responses by the two stimuli was also found.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A family study of plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in schizophrenia.

The genetic influence on plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and the possible differences in the activities of this enzyme between schizophrenic patients and their healthy first degree relatives were studied in 103 members of 21 families. The activities of the 24 patients did not differ from those of their 37 healthy siblings or their 42 parents. A control group of 52 subjects without family history of the illness had similar enzyme activities. The correlation coefficients between patients and healthy siblings, between patients and parents, and between healthy siblings and parents were all around 0.50, as is expected for subjects who share half of their genes. Thus, although plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity is genetically determined, it neither differentiates schizophrenic from healthy family members nor differentiates subjects with a family history of the illness from those without such a history.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Platelet monoamine oxidase and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activities in non-abstinent chronic alcoholics. Relation to clinical parameters.

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activities were determined in 27 male non-abstinent chronic alcoholics. Compared to 24 normals, no significant difference in both enzyme activities was found. Alcoholics with at least one alcoholic first degree relative had a trend toward lower platelet MAO activity compared to those without such a history. Matched pair analysis showed that alcoholics of the former subgroup had significantly lower MAO activity than controls. Demented alcoholics had significantly reduced plasma DBH activity compared with the non-demented subgroup and with age, and sex, matched controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Normal testosterone plasma levels in non-abstinent alcoholics.

Testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were estimated in plasma of 32 male chronic alcoholics during a period of their usual alcohol consumption and compared to the values of 32 age-matched controls. T levels were not different from normals, while both PRL and LH were significantly elevated. The subgroup of patients with severe liver injury (n = 11) showed elevated PRL (2P less than 0.001), but normal LH and T, while patients with normal hepatic function (n = 21) showed normal PRL levels, elevated LH, and a tendency to elevated T levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Multiple neuroendocrinological responses in borderline personality disorder patients.

Male patients suffering from borderline personality disorder (n = 13), major depression (n = 13) or schizophrenia (n = 13) were investigated on several psychopathological (HDRS, BPRS) and neuroendocrinological (DST and TSH, PRL, GH responses to TRH) parameters. Comparisons were made between the borderline group and the other groups of patients. Borderline patients differed from schizophrenics psychopathologically (BPRS) and neuroendocrinologically (DST). Also, borderline patients differed from major depressives in the HDRS, but behaved like them concerning DST. Our findings support the hypothesis that there are neuroendocrinological similarities between borderline personality disorder and major depressive patients, especially on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Increased prolactin response to thyrotropin releasing hormone during migraine attacks.

Prolactin (PRL) has been associated with the pathogenesis of migraine, and various approaches have been used to investigate its role. In the present study, the PRL response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was evaluated in eight women migraineurs during an attack-free state and during a migraine attack. PRL baseline values were not different in the two states, and the same was true for the TSH responses to TRH. The PRL responses to TRH were, however, significantly higher during the attack, a finding that indicates a latent disturbance of the PRL-regulating systems in migraine, with a higher responsiveness during migraine attacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Clonidine trial in tardive dyskinesia. Therapeutic response, MHPG, and plasma DBH.

The a2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine has a beneficial effect on tardive dyskinetic symptomatology (TDS), in the pathophysiology of which the involvement of noradrenergic mechanisms, among others, has been proposed. The authors investigated possible relationships between the therapeutic efficacy of clonidine in patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) and concentrations in urine and plasma of the main noradrenaline (NA) metabolite methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and of the NA biosynthetic enzyme dopamine-b-hydroxylase (DBH) in plasma. Clonidine was administered to twelve chronic schizophrenic patients with TDS in a double-blind, cross-over, single-dose trial. MHPG was measured in urine samples collected before and after administration. MHPG and DBH were also measured in plasma of blood samples taken three hours after administration. Ten patients then received clonidine in addition to neuroleptics for a period of two weeks. Clonidine caused significant amelioration in TDS both in the single-dose and the two-week trials. The degree of amelioration was, however, not correlated with the MHPG or DBH baseline values, or with the differences between placebo and drug in the single-dose trial.

Adult↗