Biomedical subjects

M Masai

Publications and source records attributed to M Masai.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Identification of a I-cM region of common deletion on 13q14 associated with human prostate cancer.

Frequent allelic losses on chromosome arm 13q are observed in carcinomas of the head and neck, breast, ovary, and pituitary gland. We analyzed 59 primary prostate tumors (stage B, 18 patients; C, 12 patients; D1, 4 patients; and endocrine therapy-resistant cancer death, 25 patients), as well as 18 metastatic tissues from 14 of the 25 cancer death patients for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using 35 microsatellite markers on chromosome arm 13q. Of the 59 primary tumors, 31 (53%) showed LOH involving at least one locus. Detailed deletion mapping identified a distinct commonly deleted region in the I-cM interval flanked by D13S153 and D13S273 on 13q14 and this region overlapped a part of the RB1 gene. Paired DNAs were available from both primary and metastatic tumors in the 14 cases of cancer death; among those pairs, we detected LOH on 13q in seven (50%) primary tumors, and in all metastatic foci (P = 0.0029). Moreover, the regions lost in metastatic tissues were more extensive than those seen in the corresponding primary tumors. These results suggest that inactivation of a putative tumor suppressor gene(s) including the RB1 gene on 13q14 plays an important role in human prostate cancer.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed1998

The long-term outcome of cystinuria in Japan.

Recurrence of growth of urinary stone is frequently observed during the clinical course of cystinuria patients. The aim of the present study is to examine the long-term outcome of cystinuria in Japan and clarify the effects of medical treatment on urinary stone. Thirty-one patients with cystinuria who had been followed up longer than 6 months were included. The follow-up period was 6-264 months with a mean of 89.5 months. Stone event was defined as appearance of new stone or radiological evidence of stone growth. All patients were managed with forced hydration and urine alkalization. Twenty-eight patients were treated with administration of thiol such as D-penicillamine or alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine. Stone events per year ranged from 0 to 1.09 with a median of 0.09. Stone events per patient-year was 0.19 for all patients. The average urinary cystine concentration during treatment in the favorable outcome group (stone events per year < 0.3) was lower that that in the unfavorable outcome group (stone events per year >/=0.3); 221.2 +/- 75.2 vs. 303.3 +/- 93.5 mg/l, although the difference was not statistically significant. Prognosis of urinary stone in Japanese patients with cystinuria was relatively good with large variation. The medical treatment to reduce urinary cystine concentration would be useful for the management of cystinuria.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Oral calcium supplement decreases urinary oxalate excretion in patients with enteric hyperoxaluria.

We studied the effect of oral calcium supplementation in patients with enteric hyperoxaluria. Three patients with renal stone events following ileal resection were given oral calcium supplement. One of the three patients was put on a low-fat diet. The treatment reduced urinary oxalate excretion to the normal range. Subsequently, 2 patients reduced the dose of calcium supplementation at their own discretion and consequently developed renal stones again together with hyperoxaluria. Based on these observations, we believe that an adequate dose of calcium can normalize urinary oxalate excretion.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1998

11-Deoxycorticosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma.

A woman presented with a history of weight loss and muscle weakness. A laboratory test revealed hypokalemia and elevation of plasma 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC). CT showed a left adrenal mass. A left adrenalectomy was performed. The histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis showed a DOC-producing adrenocortical carcinoma. This cancer is very rare; only 10 cases including the present case have appeared in the literature.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗

PubMed1997

Allelic losses on 18q21 are associated with progression and metastasis in human prostate cancer.

We analyzed normal/tumor DNA pairs obtained from 46 patients with prostate cancers (stage B, 16 cases; C, 10 cases; D1, 4 cases; and endocrine therapy-resistant cancer-death, 16 cases) for loss of heterozygosity using 32 microsatellite markers on chromosome 18. Seventeen of the 46 cases (37%) showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for at least one locus on the long arm. Detailed deletion mapping in these tumors identified a distinct commonly deleted region within a 5-cM interval in 18q21.1. There was a statistical correlation between the frequency of LOH on 18q and clinical stage (chi 2 = 12.3; P = 0.0064). LOH on 18q was observed more frequently in Stage D1 cases (4/4; 100%) than in stage B+C cases (5/26; 19%; P = 0.0046, Fisher's exact test). In 8 of 9 (89%) cancer-death patients from whom DNAs were available from both primary and metastatic tumors, the primary tumors had either no detectable abnormality of chromosome 18 or the region involving loss of heterozygosity was limited while the metastatic foci showed more frequent and extended allelic losses on this chromosome. No abnormalities were detected in the DCC and DPC4 genes when their exons were analyzed separately by single strand conformation polymorphism assay. These results suggest that inactivation of one or more putative tumor suppressor genes on 18q21 other than DCC and DPC4 plays an important role in the progression of human prostate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1997

Impairment of endothelial function in salt-sensitive hypertension in humans.

In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the endothelium-dependent vasodilation and salt sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension. Fifteen untreated hypertensive male patients (age, 29 to 54 years) were sodium restricted (5 g/day) for 1 week, and placed on a high salt diet (20 g/day) the second week. At the end of each period, measurements of forearm vascular responses to drugs (acetylcholine, 3 to 24 microg/min; sodium nitroprusside, 0.15 to 1.2 microg/min; norepinephrine, 0.15 to 1.2 microg/min; and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine [L-NMMA], 1 to 8 micromol/min) were obtained by using strain-gauge venous plethysmography. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the blood pressure response to sodium loading: salt-sensitive hypertensive group (24-h mean increase of arterial pressure > or = 10%; n = 6) and salt-resistant group (< 10%; n = 9). The two groups showed no significant difference in clinical data or mean arterial pressure during low salt intake. The dose-dependent vasodilation induced by acetylcholine was significantly reduced (P < .05) in the salt-sensitive hypertensive patients v the salt-resistant patients regardless of sodium loading. There were no differences between the two groups in response to sodium nitroprusside, norepinephrine, or L-NMMA. These results indicate that vasodilation to acetylcholine is reduced in salt-sensitive hypertensive patients even on restricted sodium diets. This may contribute to blood pressure elevation when sodium intake is increased.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1997

[Clinical investigation for recurrence and progression in Ta grades 1 and 2 bladder cancer].

We treated 107 new patients with stage Ta, grades 1 and 2 transitional cell bladder carcinoma by transurethral resection during the past 23 years. The clinicopathological factors evaluated were grade, size, number and form of tumor. Fifty-five patients (51%) had recurrent tumors after initial resection and progression (muscle invasion or metastasis) occurred in four patients (3.7%). The 5-year and 10-year recurrence free rates were 47.3 and 29.8%, respectively. Seven patients (6.5%) had grade 3 tumor (grade-up) at recurrence. An increase in T category to T1 (stage-up) occurred in 13 patients (12%), only one of whom later developed an invasive tumor (pT4). The size of tumor significantly affected the rate of recurrence (p < 0.01). Sessile tumor were at a significantly greater risk for progression (p < 0.05). Stage-up did not have a significant effect on progression, but grade-up was significantly risky for progression (p < 0.01). Initial grade 2 tumors were highly related to grade-up (p < 0.05).

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Androgen receptor content of prostate carcinoma cells estimated by immunohistochemistry is related to prognosis of patients with stage D2 prostate carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Patients with prostate carcinoma generally respond to androgen withdrawal therapy, but subsequent progression to androgen-independence is frequently observed. Since androgen receptors play a key role in androgen action, the ratio of androgen receptor-containing cells in cancerous tissues was determined by immunohistochemical staining of prostate biopsy specimens for comparison with the outcome. METHODS: Sixty-two patients with untreated Stage D2 prostate carcinoma who received endocrine therapy between 1986 and 1992 were included in the present study. Biopsy tissue was stained with anti-human androgen receptor antibody, and the ratio of positively stained cells was estimated by counting 700 to 1000 cancer cells from each patient. Histologic grade, extent of bone metastases, clinical response to endocrine therapy, and outcome, were compared with androgen receptor content. RESULTS: Cancers with a low Gleason score had a significantly higher androgen receptor content than those with a high Gleason score. Androgen receptor content was not significantly correlated with extent of disease or tumor marker response at three months. Patients with 48% or more androgen receptor positive cells had a statistically significant better outcome, in terms of both progression free and cause-specific survival, than patients with less than 48% androgen receptor content. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that androgen receptor content, extent of disease and tumor marker response at three months were significant predictors of outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Androgen receptor content measured immunohistochemically is a useful prognostic indicator for patients with Stage D2 prostate carcinoma treated with endocrine therapy.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Serum prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density in patients receiving radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the significance of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) for predicting the risk of occult metastatic disease and extra-prostatic invasion of prostate cancer in patients receiving radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The cases of 41 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were reviewed. Relations of PSA and PSAD using Markit M PATM assay for grade, preoperative clinical stage, postoperative pathological stage, capsular penetration, seminal vesicle invasion, resection margins and lymph node metastasis are discussed. RESULTS: Although serum PSA was correlated with PSAD and PSA was correlated with preoperative prostate volume, PSAD was not influenced by prostate volume. PSA correlated only with the grade, while PSAD was correlated with grade, preoperative clinical stage, postoperative pathological stage, capsular penetration, seminal vesicle invasion, resection margins and lymph node metastasis. In addition, sixty-two percent (8/13) of margin positive patients showed a PSAD value of more than 0.4, while 93% (26/28) of margin negative patients showed less than 0.4. Sixty-seven percent (6/9) of lymph node positive patients showed a PSAD of more than 0.4, while 91% (29/32) of lymph node negative patients showed less than 0.4. CONCLUSION: We concluded that PSAD was useful for predicting extra-prostatic involvement of prostatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1996

In vitro degradation of oxalic acid by human feces.

BACKGROUND: Oxalic acid-degrading bacteria have been isolated from human faces. Therefore, the possibility exists that oxalic acid in food is degraded in human intestine by such bacteria, and absorption and excretion of oxalic acid is reduced. It may be possible that patients who form idiopathic stones have fewer oxalic acid-degrading bacteria than healthy controls. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility that oxalic acid in food is degraded in the human intestine. METHODS: Nineteen patients with calcium stones and 13 healthy subjects were included in the study. Samples of feces were diluted with Barber medium containing 1 g/L of oxalic acid dihydrate, and 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% suspensions were prepared. These solutions were incubated under anaerobic conditions at 37 degrees C for seven days. The degradation of oxalic acid was estimated by the decrease of oxalic acid in the medium. RESULTS: The feces of almost all persons with or without calculi degraded oxalic acid to some degree. Incomplete or no oxalic acid degradation was found in 15 of the 19 stone-forming patients and in five of the 13 stone-free controls. CONCLUSION: Large numbers of oxalic acid-degrading bacteria were observed less often in the feces of stone-formers than in the feces of stone-free controls.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Reduction of oxalate content of foods by the oxalate degrading bacterium, Eubacterium lentum WYH-1.

BACKGROUND: Urinary oxalate may contribute far more than urinary calcium to the pathogenesis of urinary calculi. Urinary oxalate may be reduced by restricting the intake of foods high in oxalate. The oxalate content foods might be reduced by oxalate-degrading bacteria. The purpose of this experiment was to reduce the oxalate content of foods with an oxalate-degrading bacterium which was isolated from the feces of Japanese male. METHODS: An artificial intestinal juice was prepared by modifying Rogosa medium. An infusion of black tea was prepared from a commercial tea bag. The oxalate-degrading bacteria used were Eubacterium lentum WYH-1 which were have isolated. To 5 ml of the above oxalate-containing artificial intestinal juice and infusion of black tea, 0.5 ml of the bacterial culture was added and incubated anaerobically at 37 degrees C. Oxalic acid in the supernatant of the culture medium was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: In 24 hours, 1 x 10(6) cells/ml of Eubacterium lentum WYH-1 decomposed 100% of 1 mg/ml oxalate in the artificial intestinal juice. The oxalate in the black tea infusion (1 mg/mL) was also decomposed completely within 48 hours by 1 x 10(7) cells/mL of bacteria. CONCLUSION: Eubacterium lentum WYH-1 was able to efficiently decompose the oxalate in foods.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed1996

[Neuroendocrine cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report].

We report a case of neuroendocrine cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The patient was a 70-year-old man, complaining of pollakisuria. Cystoscopy and computerized tomography revealed a nonpapillary tumor. The tumor was removed by transurethral resection. Because of muscular invasion (T2) and histological grade, total cystectomy and ileal conduit were carried out. Examination of the resected specimen indicated pathological TO. He rejected our proposal to have chemotherapy. Twelve months post-operatively he was alive without recurrence.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Reduction of urinary stone recurrence by dietary counseling after SWL.

To reduce the recurrence rate of or urolithiasis, dietary counseling was conducted for calcium-stone patients. Sixty-six patients received dietary counseling and were in principle instructed to use the Recommended Dietary Allowance for Japanese as their goal. Seventy-three patients did not undergo the counseling. Comparison of the dietary intake of the patients with the dietary requirements for Japanese revealed that protein intake, especially animal protein intake, was higher and calcium intake lower in the patients. As a result of the counseling, intakes of total protein, animal protein, fat, and carbohydrates were all reduced. Patients in the stone recurrence-free group excreted less oxalate than those in the recurrent one. The excretion of oxalate was then reduced and urine volume increased owing to the diet counseling program. The stone recurrence rate of the group participating in the diet counseling was lower than that of the group not taking part. The recurrence rate of the hyperoxaluric group was higher, with statistical significance, than that of the normooxaluric group among those not receiving the dietary counseling. With dietary counseling, the recurrence rate significantly decreased in the hyperoxaluric patients. Thus, the reduction in the rate of stone recurrence resulting from participation in the diet counseling program seemed to be attributable to the decrease in urinary oxalate excretion. Dietary counseling seems to be a useful measure to prevent urinary stone recurrence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Disease progression in stage A prostate cancer.

To study the disease progression in stage A prostate cancer, 212 patients with stage A from a group of 3370 patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate, or subcapsular prostatectomy during the period 1972-1991 were followed. The stage A cases were subdivided into 103 A1 patients and 109 A2 patients and their subsequent course was followed for an average of 41.7 months (6-174 months). Progression to clinical cancer was found in 12 patients, 2 from A1 and 10 from A2 groups. This progression was evident 40.5 months (14-130 months) after prostatectomy. Eight (67%) of these cases responded to endocrine therapy. The rate of expression of ras p21, and the number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in stage A cancer cells were greater in progressing than in non-progressing cases. These results indicate that stage A cancer with progression arises mainly from the A2 subgroup and exhibits a distinctly proliferative potential even at small foci.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Effect of dietary intake on urinary oxalate excretion in calcium renal stone formers.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of dietary intake on urinary oxalate excretion in calcium renal-stone formers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Dietary intake was monitored by using the dietary-record method in 60 idiopathic stone formers. The patients collected their urine for 24 h at home and their urinary oxalate excretion rate was determined. The relationship between the daily intake of various nutrients and urinary oxalate excretion was examined by both monovariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: By monovariate analysis, the intake of carbohydrate, total protein and fat were significantly correlated with urinary oxalate excretion, but the intake of calcium and body surface area were not. In addition, the intake of total protein was highly correlated with that of fat. By multivariate analysis, the intake of carbohydrate and fat were significantly related to urinary oxalate excretion, and the intake of calcium was inversely correlated with urinary oxalate excretion, but the intake of total protein showed no significant correlation. CONCLUSION: The intake of carbohydrate and fat was positively and the intake of calcium was inversely correlated with urinary oxalate excretion in stone formers and, taken together, these findings suggested that fat plays an important role in urinary oxalate excretion and that protein has a minimal effect.

Body Surface Area↗

PubMed1995

Tumor marker doubling time in patients with prostate cancer: determination of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase doubling time.

To estimate the growth rate of prostate cancer, the doubling times of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were determined in 51 patients: 44 were refractory to endocrine therapy, and 7 were in an untreated state. Since an exponential increase in PSA and PAP was observed in all patients, the doubling time was calculated from a semilogarithmic plot of the respective markers. PSA doubling time was almost identical with that of PAP. The tumor marker doubling time in untreated patients was approximately 10 times greater than that in the patients who were refractory to endocrine therapy. In endocrine refractory patients, the tumor marker doubling time in patients who showed deterioration of bone lesions was less than that in patients with local regrowth and/or lymph node metastasis. The prognosis of endocrine refractory patients from the time showing tumor marker failure was examined. The group showing the longest time (> 80 days) had better prognosis than that shown by the other groups with shorter doubling times. It is concluded that the determination of tumor marker doubling time is of value for measuring the growth rates of prostate cancer, and for assessing prognosis after relapse.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1995

Clinical and biochemical features of uric acid nephrolithiasis.

A clinical investigation was carried out on patients with uric acid stones in order to study the frequency and pathogenesis of uric acid nephrolithiasis. Of 652 patients with stones in the upper urinary tract in whom the stone composition could be examined, 36 patients and uric acid stones (5.5%). The male to female ratio was 11:1. The average age of the 33 male subjects was 49 +/- 11 years (mean +/- SD), and the 3 females were 22, 37 and 42 years old, respectively. Two of the females showed hypouricemia. With regard to stone composition, pure uric acid stones were present in 26 cases (72%), a mixed uric acid and calcium oxalate stones were found in 6 cases (17%), both pure uric acid and mixed uric acid and calcium oxalate stones were observed in 3 cases (8%), and a mixed uric acid and sodium acid urate stone in 1 (3%). Biochemical studies on male patients showed that the blood uric acid level was higher in the uric acid stone group and the pure uric acid stone group compared to the calcium stone group. The blood uric acid levels of the former 2 groups did not differ from the control group. With respect to urine chemistry, the excretion of calcium in the uric acid stone group was significantly lower than that in the control group. In the uric acid stone group and the pure uric acid stone group the excretion of calcium tended to be lower than that in the calcium stone group. The amounts of oxalic acid excreted in the uric acid stone group and in the pure uric acid stone group were low compared to the calcium stone group. Oxalic acid elimination in these 2 groups did not differ from the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Clinical assessment for prognostic factors related to recurrence and progression in superficial bladder cancer].

PURPOSE: The objective of this assessment is to identify prognostic factors of recurrence and disease progression of primary superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: TUR-Bt was performed in 150 patients with initial superficial bladder cancer, of which pathological diagnosis was pTa or pT1 transitional cell carcinoma. The recurrence and progression free survival was examined. The clinicopathological factors analyzed were as follows: grade, pT, tumor size, tumor number and tumor form. RESULTS: Median follow-up period was 39 months (range 3-184). The age distribution was from 25 to 98 years old with the average of 67. The patients were 122 males and 28 females. Recurrence was observed in 72 patients. The 5-year recurrence free rate for all cases were 41.6%. The factors found to be of significance for the prognosis for recurrence were tumor size (1 cm <) and tumor multiplicity (p < 0.01). Progression was seen in 15 patients; 8 invasive tumors, 2 lymph node metastases and 5 distant metastases. Twelve cases of those died of cancer. The 5-year progression free rate for all cases were 87.0%. The prognostic factors related to progression found in this study were G3, pT1 and sessile form (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in recurrence free rate between cases with and without postoperative therapy; UFT p.o., ADM i.i. (intravesical instillation), ADM + Ara-C i.i. and PEP + 5-FU + Ara-C i.i. CONCLUSION: Tumor size more than 1 cm and tumor multiplicity were the high risk factors about recurrence. So were G3, pT1 and sessile form about progression.

Adult↗