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Biomedical subjects

M Matthews

Publications and source records attributed to M Matthews.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

MEGX (monoethylglycinexylidide): a novel in vivo test to measure early hepatic dysfunction after hypovolemic shock.

A quantitative liver test based on the formation of the lidocaine metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX), was used to evaluate the effect of hemorrhagic shock at 40 mmHg for 90 min on Sprague-Dawley rats. After 2 h of stabilization, lidocaine was injected (2 mg/kg). A second group received volume resuscitation with Ringer's lactate over 1 h (15 mL/kg) after shock, and after 1 h of stabilization lidocaine was administered. These groups were compared to control animals. Blood samples were drawn at 0 time (baseline), prior to lidocaine injection, and at 10, 15, 30, and 60 min after lidocaine injection. MEGX values in shocked animals were significantly lower than in the control group; in animals receiving volume resuscitation, levels were higher than the shocked animals without resuscitation, but did not reach control levels. Thus, shock produced a significant depression of hepatocyte function, which was partially reversed by Ringer's lactate resuscitation. The MEGX test appears to be a suitable tool for clinical evaluation and therapeutic intervention after shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Changes in mite allergen Der p I in house dust following spraying with a tannic acid/acaricide solution.

The beds, carpets and furnishings in 15 houses were sprayed with a solution containing tannic acid and an acaricide in an attempt to reduce allergen concentrations. Dust was collected from these sites for 4 weeks following spraying and the mite allergen Der p I concentration was measured and compared with baseline concentrations. In a subgroup of houses, counts of live mites and estimates of aeroallergen were also made. Four untreated houses were monitored over the same period. In dust samples collected 3 days after spraying, the mean concentrations of Der p I in beds, carpets and furniture were 23%, 28% and 26% of the pretreatment levels. All these reductions were significant compared to untreated controls. Samples collected 4 weeks after treatment were not significantly different to baseline for each group. After the initial reduction, the rate of increase in allergen concentration was significantly greater in the spray-only beds than in the beds which had been both sprayed and fitted with occlusive covers. Both aeroallergen and live mites continued to be detected in houses after treatment with the spray. These studies suggest that such sprays are only temporarily effective when applied at the manufacturer's recommended volumes and additional approaches are required to control the bulk of allergens in houses.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

Ulceration in the proximal portion of the urethra as a cause of hematuria in horses: four cases (1978-1985).

Sudden onset of hematuria was associated with mucosal ulceration of the proximal portion of the urethra in 1 stallion and 3 geldings. Hematuria was observed characteristically and consistently at the end of urination. Mucosal ulceration was identified endoscopically in the proximal portion of the urethra at the level of the ischial arch. Biopsy of an ulcerated area of the proximal urethra in one gelding revealed transitional cell carcinoma. Treatment regimens varied from systemic antimicrobial and/or vasoactive therapy to diversion of urinary flow via a temporary perineal urethrostomy. Hematuria resolved in 14 to 24 days (average, 20 days) after treatment was begun, except in one gelding that died of undetermined causes during an initial examination. In the 3 remaining horses, hematuria had not recurred for up to 9 years (average, 1 year).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Reversal of an abnormal free fatty acid response to emotional stress in a diabetic adolescent using a portable insulin-infusion pump.

Repeated episodes of ketoacidosis in some juvenile diabetics has been associated with an abnormal rise in circulating free fatty acids (FFA) following emotional stress. Reversal of this phenomenon occurred after treatment with a portable insulin infusion pump (PIIP). Following initiation of PIIP treatment, this abnormal rise in FFA secretion was eliminated, as were the patient's episodes of ketoacidosis. We believe that PIIP treatment should be considered in the poorly controlled compliant diabetic patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Histopathologic staging at initial diagnosis of mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome. Definition of three distinctive prognostic groups.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal staging evaluation at the time of initial diagnosis of mycosis fungoides or the Sézary syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective review of a uniformly staged inception cohort. SETTING: Single-institution tertiary care center. PATIENTS: 152 consecutive patients who had mycosis fungoides with or without the Sézary syndrome within 6 months of the initial definitive diagnosis. INTERVENTION: A detailed staging evaluation including physical examination, routine laboratory studies, chest roentgenogram, lymphangiogram, peripheral blood smear, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow aspirate or biopsy, and liver biopsy in selected patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Univariate adverse prognostic features at initial diagnosis in patients with mycosis fungoides included (P less than 0.01) one or more cutaneous tumors or generalized erythroderma, adenopathy, blood smear involvement with Sézary cells, lymph node effacement, eosinophilia, and visceral involvement. Important, independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis are the presence of visceral disease and type of skin involvement. CONCLUSIONS: A staging system based on histopathologic evaluation of skin, lymph nodes, blood, and visceral sites provides more comprehensive prognostic information than clinical evaluation of skin disease and adenopathy. Patients may be divided at initial presentation into three prognostic groups: good-risk patients, who have plaque-only skin disease without lymph node, blood, or visceral involvement (median survival, greater than 12 years); intermediate-risk patients, who have cutaneous tumors, erythroderma, or plaque disease with node or blood involvement but no visceral disease or node effacement (median survival, 5 years); and poor-risk patients, who have visceral involvement or node effacement (median survival, 2.5 years).

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of circulating malignant cells provides prognostic information in cutaneous T cell lymphoma.

Peripheral blood lymphocyte morphology was evaluated prospectively by light microscopy of blood smears and E rosette preparations in 160 patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Blood involvement was related to the type of cutaneous T-stage, being present in 90% of patients with erythroderma (T4), 27% of those with cutaneous tumors (T3), 9% of those with generalized (T2), and 0% of those with limited skin plaques (T1). Untreated patients with blood involvement (38 of 105) had a higher frequency of CTCL in lymph nodes and viscera and survival inferior to that of patients with normal or nondiagnostic lymphocyte morphology (P less than .001). Multivariate analysis showed skin stage and age to be the most important pretreatment risk factors for survival. Although blood involvement was not an independent risk factor for the entire group, it appeared to have some adverse influence in the T2/T3 subsets (P = .051). Both lymphocytosis and size distribution of the circulating CTCL cells at initial diagnosis influenced survival. Patients with "mixed cell" cytology (greater than 20% large [greater than 11 microns] CTCL cells), had a worse survival than those with predominantly small circulating CTCL cells (P = .009). The former were more likely to have aggressive features, including lymph node effacement by tumor (P less than .001) and visceral disease (P = .074), than were "small cell" patients. Our data indicate that detailed review of the blood lymphocyte morphology in patients with diagnosed or suspected CTCL is helpful in predicting extent of disease and prognosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Blood grouping with monoclonal anti-N antibodies.

Four monoclonal antibodies (N1, N3, N4 and N5) with specificity for the N blood group have been produced from fusions in which human erythrocytes were used as the immunizing stimulus. N1 and N3 differed from N4 and N5 with regard to their serological specificities and pH optima. Antibody N3 has been assessed for its suitability as a blood grouping reagent by testing 10,767 blood donors in parallel with Vicia graminea anti-N lectin or rabbit anti-N. There was complete correlation between the results obtained with the monoclonal and conventional reagents providing strong evidence that N3 is a reliable and potent blood grouping reagent.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Prophylactic versus no brain irradiation in regional small cell lung carcinoma.

Among 104 complete responders entered in a randomized prospective trial of treatments for regional small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung, 52 received prophylactic irradiation of the brain, 3,000 rad in 10 fractions, and 52 did not. The median survivals were 53 and 52 weeks respectively, and the incidences of brain metastases were 5% and 20%. Prophylactic brain irradiation was not associated with significant long-term toxicity.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Long-term calcitonin therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Results are presented from a 2-year controlled study evaluating the efficacy of 100 units synthetic salmon calcitonin/d in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. All patients received 400 units D2 po qd and 1200 mg CaCO3 po qd. The 21 control and 24 treated patients (mean age 65) were not statistically different at baseline. Although mean total body calcium (TBCa) was not significantly different between treated and control patients throughout the study, mean differences in the change in TBCa from baseline (treated minus control) were significant at 12, 18, and 26 months. The mean slope of TBCa for treated patients, but not for controls, was significantly positive through 18 months. Iliac crest bone biopsies showed (1) a significantly greater percent total bone area in treated compared to control patients at 2 years, and (2) a significantly decreased percent resorbing surface in treated patients when evaluated by paired difference from baseline. At 4 months, serum calcium values were significantly lower in treated patients than in controls (mean difference, treated minus controls), but were not statistically different from controls at study completion. Urine calcium increased significantly for the first 4 months in treated subjects and then declined to baseline levels. Since urinary calcium increased, the increase in TBCa was probably associated with an increase in net intestinal calcium absorption.

Age Factors↗