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Biomedical subjects

M Mattsson

Publications and source records attributed to M Mattsson.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Treatment costs and clinical outcome for first episode schizophrenia patients: a 3-year follow-up of the Swedish "Parachute Project" and two comparison groups.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate "need-specific treatment" of first episode schizophrenia syndrome patients. METHOD: Sixty-one consecutive first episode schizophrenia syndrome patients were followed over 3 years. They were compared with a Historical "treatment as usual" group (n = 41) and a Prospective group from a high quality social and biological psychiatry centre (n = 25). RESULTS: Symptomatic and functional outcome was significantly better compared with the Historical group and equal with the Prospective group. During the first year, the direct costs for in- and out-patient care per patient in the Parachute project were less than half of those in the Prospective group. CONCLUSION: The study confirms the feasibility, clinically and economically, with a large scale application of "need-specific treatments" for first episode psychotic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

One-year outcome in first episode psychosis patients in the Swedish Parachute project.

OBJECTIVE: Implementing a system designed to treat first episode psychotic (FEP) patients. METHOD: Every FEP patient (n=253) from a catchment area of 1.5 million inhabitants were asked to participate in this 5-year project. One historical (n=71) and one prospective (n=64) FEP group were used for comparisons. RESULTS: A total of 175 patients (69%) were followed up through the first year of treatment. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) values were significantly higher than in the historical comparison group but similar to the prospective group. Psychiatric in-patient care was lower as was prescription of neuroleptic medication. Satisfaction with care was generally high in the Parachute group. Access to a small overnight crisis home was associated with higher GAF. CONCLUSION: It is possible to successfully treat FEP patients with fewer in-patient days and less neuroleptic medication than is usually recommended, when combined with intensive psychosocial treatment and support.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed2002

The regulation of ammonium translocation in plants.

Much controversy exists about whether or not NH(+)(4) is translocated in the xylem from roots to shoots. In this paper it is shown that such translocation can indeed take place, but that interference from other metabolites such as amino acids and amines may give rise to large uncertainties about the magnitude of xylem NH(+)(4) concentrations. Elimination of interference requires sample stabilization by, for instance, formic acid or methanol. Subsequent quantification of NH(+)(4) should be done by the OPA-fluorometric method at neutral pH with 2-mercaptoethanol as the reducing agent since this method is sensitive and reliable. Colorimetric methods based on the Berthelot reaction should never be used, as they are prone to give erroneous results. Significant concentrations of NH(+)(4), exceeding 1 mM, were measured in both xylem sap and leaf apoplastic solution of oilseed rape and tomato plants growing with NO(-)(3) as the sole N source. When NO(-)(3) was replaced by NH(+)(4), xylem sap NH(+)(4) concentrations increased with increasing external concentrations and with time of exposure to NH(+)(4). Up to 11% of the translocated N was constituted by NH(+)(4). Glutamine synthetase (GS) incorporates NH(+)(4) into glutamine, but root GS activity and expression were repressed when high levels of NH(+)(4) were supplied. Ammonium concentrations measured in xylem sap sampled just above the stem base were highly correlated with NH(+)(4) concentrations in apoplastic solution from the leaves. Young leaves tended to have higher apoplastic NH(+)(4) concentrations than older non-senescing leaves. The flux of NH(+)(4) (concentration multiplied by transpirational water flow) increased with temperature despite a decline in xylem NH(+)(4) concentration. Retrieval of leaf apoplastic NH(+)(4) involves both high and low affinity transporters in the plasma membrane of mesophyll cells. Current knowledge about these transporters and their regulation is discussed.

Amines↗
PubMed2001

Removal of xenobiotic dichlorostearic acid from phospholipids and neutral lipids in cultured human cell lines by B-oxidation and secretion of dichloromyristic acid.

Chlorinated fatty acids represent a recently discovered group of potentially hazardous organochlorine pollutants in the environment. The ability of human cells to incorporate and metabolise this type of fatty acids has never been investigated. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate if two human cell lines, INT 407 and SH-SY5Y, incorporate and metabolise extracellular dichlorostearic acid. Cells were incubated with 9,10-dichlorostearic acid for 24 hr, and the amounts of chlorinated fatty acids in cells and culture medium analysed every two days for up to 6 or 10 days. Lipids were separated by solid phase extraction, transesterified to fatty acid methyl esters, and analysed by gas chromatography in combination with a halogen specific detector (GC/XSD). Dichlorostearic acid, dichloropalmitic acid and dichloromyristic acid were found in phospholipids and in neutral lipids of the INT 407 cells. Both cell lines secreted considerable amounts of dichloromyristic acid into the culture medium. Cellular or secreted metabolites shorter than dichloromyristic acid were not found. Taken together, the results suggest that human cells may (1) incorporate chlorinated fatty acids into membrane lipids and storage lipids, (2) metabolise cellular dichlorostearic acid to dichloropalmitic acid and dichloromyristic acid by B-oxidation; but that further metabolism is hindered, possibly because of the chlorine atoms, and (3) remove formed dichloromyristic acid by secretion. The removal of cellular dichloromyristic acid might represent an important cellular defence mechanism and deserves further investigations.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiology and treatment of post-stroke depression.

Depression is a common and serious complication after stroke. According to epidemiological studies, at least 30% of stroke patients experience depression, both early and late after stroke. However, in clinical practice only a minority of the patients are diagnosed and even fewer are treated. There are several studies confirming the magnitude of the problem but the main conclusion which can be drawn from the few treatment studies published is that tricyclic antidepressants cannot be recommended for the treatment of post-stroke depression, mainly because of the high frequency of contraindications and adverse effects. Until now there has only been 1 double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment study from which some general conclusions can be drawn. The study evaluated a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram) and concluded that the drug was well tolerated and effective for the treatment of post-stroke depression. However, when treatment was initiated very early, both the treatment group and the placebo group improved equally during the first 7 weeks after stroke. This finding could indicate diagnosis difficulties during the first few weeks after stroke. A recent study, although small, comparing the combination of drugs with either noradrenergic (desipramine plus mianserin) or noradrenergic and serotonergic effects (imipramine plus mianserin) for post-stroke depression, indicated that drugs with the dual effect may be more effective. Many more double-blind placebo-controlled treatment studies and studies comparing the efficacy and adverse effects of various antidepressants in patients with post-stroke depression need to be conducted. According to 3 small studies, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) seems to be quite well tolerated and therefore ECT may also be considered in the treatment of post-stroke depression. Future studies should also address the long term efficacy of treatment for post-stroke depression.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Physiotherapeutic treatment in out-patient psychiatric care.

The present paper aims at describing historical features, developmental trends and key concepts in psychiatric physiotherapy (PPT). PPT was offered as an additional treatment to conventional psychiatric care and the aim was to examine the possibility of carrying out PPT with ten unselected patients (n = 10) in an out-patient psychiatric clinic. Symptoms presented: anxiety and phobic states, depression and crisis reactions. The purpose of four individual sessions was to stimulate curiosity and offer exercises concerning body-mind interactions. In examination of data qualitative research methods were used. All patients accepted the offer of PPT and participated in all sessions. Nine reported great or moderate symptom reduction. Of greatest importance for relief of symptoms was the patient's level of 'engagement'. PPT implies physical proximity and an encounter on an existential level. The impact of a complementary physical approach in psychiatric care needs to be further elucidated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Self-reported health and well-being amongst night security guards: a comparison with the working population.

The present study sought to relate the well-being of night workers to that of the working population in general. One hundred and ninety-seven male permanent night security guards were interviewed with regard to the occurrence of various symptoms during the previous 12-month period. The results were compared with the results from similar interviews with a representative national sample of males (n = 1769) in the Swedish workforce. An age standardized morbidity ratio was computed with control for various background variables. The results showed that the security guards had a 2-3 times higher occurrence of sleep disturbances and fatigue than the national sample. Among the variables not differing from the national sample were gastrointestinal problems, headache, nervous problems, depression, nausea, diarrhoea, and haemorrhoids. It was concluded that sleep/wake disturbances are considerably more usual in permanent night security guards than in the working population as a whole.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-induced differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells is not accompanied by an increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP.

Cultured human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells could be induced to differentiate morphologically and biochemically followed by growth inhibition, by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The cells showed a limited differentiation when treated with substances known to increase the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP. When these substances were combined with TPA, morphological differentiation and growth inhibition of the cells were potentiated. In contrast, these substances inhibited the TPA-induced increase in noradrenaline concentration and the relative activity of neuron-specific enolase. Both the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP and the cytosolic level of cyclic AMP-binding components were similar in control and TPA-treated cells. It is suggested that cyclic AMP has a limited and non-regulatory role in the initiation of differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. The effect of cyclic AMP is probably coupled mainly to the polymerization of microtubules, thus enhancing the morphological differentiation of the cells.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1982

Effect of His-Phe, a competitive inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, on gastric acid secretion in chronic gastric fistula rats: delay in acid secretion response to pentagastrin.

The dipeptide His-Phe, earlier shown to inhibit mammalian histidine decarboxylase, was analysed concerning its effect in vivo on pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion. Chronic gastric fistula rats were used and the effectors in saline were given as continuous i.v. infusions while acid was collected from the fistula. Addition of pentagastrin to the infusion solution resulted in an immediate increase in the acid output of the control runs. In the His-Phe experiments the dipeptide was introduced one hour before pentagastrin. A significant decrease in the acid output was obtained. This effect was optimal at a dose of about 6 mg/h and during the first few hours of the experiments. In spite of the continuous His-Phe infusion the acid secretion increased with time to the control values. These results are discussed in relation to preliminary observations on effects of alpha-fluoromethyl histidine on gastric acid secretion and the effect of this and His-Phe on gastric histamine content and histidine decarboxylase activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three years after in-patient stroke rehabilitation: A follow-up study.

A 3-year follow-up study was performed aimed at describing the outcome for severely affected stroke survivors who had undergone geriatric in-patient rehabilitation. Living conditions, psychological well-being, and changes in functions were assessed in 55 survivors. Twenty-five people were living in the community, 15 in apartment hotels or homes for the aged and 15 in nursing homes. From discharge to follow-up 11 people had had to move to an accommodation offering more support. Living alone, recurrent strokes and functional decline were associated with moving. Many of those living in the community were supported by relatives or home help services. Home adjustments and assistive devices were common and in most cases were aimed at facilitating transfers and bathroom activities. Motor function had deteriorated from discharge to follow-up, otherwise no statistically significant changes were seen in the survivors' abilities and functions. Most survivors had in fact been able to maintain their functions or to make further improvements. Also, their psychological well-being seemed quite good. These results should encourage rehabilitation efforts for elderly people severely affected by stroke.

Activities of Daily Living↗