PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Maung

Publications and source records attributed to M Maung.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Private GPs contribute to TB control in Myanmar: evaluation of a PPM initiative in Mandalay Division.

SETTING: Mandalay Division, Myanmar. AIM: To assess the effect of an initiative to involve private general practitioners (GPs) in the National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) and to identify lessons learnt for public-private mix scale-up. METHODS: Source of referral/diagnosis and place of treatment were included in the routine recording and reporting systems to enable disaggregated analysis of the contribution of GPs to case notification and treatment outcomes. Case notification trends were compared between the intervention and control areas over a 4-year period. RESULTS: Private GPs contributed 44% of new smear-positive cases registered during the study period (July 2002-December 2004). The notification of new sputum smear-positive TB in the study area increased by 85% between the year prior to the GP involvement and 2 years after (from 46 to 85/100,000). Case notification increased by 57% in the control townships and by 42% in all of Mandalay Division. The treatment success rate for new smear-positive cases treated by GPs was 90%. CONCLUSIONS: The involvement of private GPs substantially increased TB case notification, while a high treatment success rate was maintained. Success factors include a well-developed local medical association branch, strong managerial support, training and supervision by the public sector and provision of drugs and consumables free of charge by the NTP.

Family Practice↗
PubMed2001

Ablation of posterior urethral valves in the newborn using Fogarty balloon catheter: A simple method for developing countries.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the efficacy and safety of using a Fogarty balloon catheter to ablate posterior urethral valves (PUV) in the newborn in a developing country. METHODS: Five newborn babies weighing 1.4 to 3.9 kg (mean, 2.08 kg; with 4 weighing less than 2.0 kg) who had severe obstructive uropathy caused by PUV were subjected to valve ablation using a size 6F Fogarty balloon catheter in the radiology department without anesthesia. The ages ranged from 10 to 61 days (mean, 26.4 days) at the time of valve ablation. RESULTS: Successful ablation of PUV was achieved in 4 of 5 (80%) patients after one attempt at ablation. There was failure to ablate the PUV in 1 patient despite 2 attempts to do so. All 4 patients with successful ablation of PUV had grade IV vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) before valve ablation. Postablation micturating cystourethrogram (MCU) showed complete disappearance of VUR in one child. In 2, VUR improved to grade III and II immediately after valve ablation, and further improved to grade I and 0, respectively, at MCU repeated 3 months later. In one child, grade IV VUR persisted during the postablation VUR and remained at that grade 3 months later. CONCLUSIONS: Fogarty balloon catheter ablation of PUV is an effective, economic, and simple alternative to endoscopic valve fulguration in very sick and small neonates. It is particularly suitable for use in developing countries in which expensive endoscopes may not be readily available.

Catheter Ablation↗
PubMed1996

Granulomatous hepatitis associated with glyburide.

A wide variety of diseases and injuries can cause granulomatous hepatitis, and drug-induced granulomatous hepatitis is a well-described entity. Sulfonylurea derivatives, which are commonly used oral hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, have been implicated in liver disease. However, glyburide, a second-generation sulfonylurea and a potent hypoglycemic drug, is considered to have less hepatic side effects than chlorpropamide. It has been reportedly associated with cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis and with hypersensitivity angitis. A case of necrotizing granuloma has been reported. We present a second case of granulomatous hepatitis occurring in a patient who had been taking glyburide for approximately three years, and we review the literature for glyburide-associated hepatitis.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
PubMed1995

Intestinal volvulus: an experience in a developing country.

Eighty-two children (47 boys and 35 girls) underwent surgery for a variety of causes resulting in volvulus. There were 20 neonates, 13 infants, 34 patients aged 1 to 5 years, and 15 children above 5 years of age. The majority (88%) of the patients were admitted in a state of shock and dehydration. Peritoneal signs were present in 74% of the patients. The resection rate was 61%. A high mortality rate of 38% was encountered, which was attributed to septicemia, shock, and multiorgan failure. The preventive health programs that are being actively implemented together with the improvements made in the transport and referral systems have fortunately resulted in much-improved survival rates in the recent few years.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Oral famciclovir against duck hepatitis B virus replication in hepatic and nonhepatic tissues of ducklings infected in ovo.

Detection of hepadnaviral DNA in extrahepatic tissues of human and animal models of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has raised the question of whether virus replication in organs other than the liver could be targeted for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Since duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) replication is dynamic in the liver, kidney, pancreas, and spleen of newly hatched ducklings infected in ovo, we used the duck model and the new antiherpesvirus agent, famciclovir (FCV), to determine whether antiviral effect of nucleoside analogues on DHBV replication is pluripotential. Day-old ducklings hatched from eggs laid by a DHBV-carrier duck were bled and administered FCV (25 mg/kg/bd) orally for periods of 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Seventeen (17) hours after the last dose of each regimen the duckling(s) was bled and postmortem samples of liver, kidney, pancreas, and spleen were snap-frozen and stored at -70 degrees C. Analysis of plasma samples of ducklings treated for 2 days and longer by dot-blot hybridisation showed that levels of DHBV DNA were reduced significantly compared to levels in samples collected before treatment begun. Southern blot hybridisation of tissue DNA corroborated these results and showed that DHBV DNA replicative intermediates in all the tissues examined were reduced to levels that reflected the amount of virus released into the blood of each treated duckling. It is concluded from these results that if antiviral agents could be transformed to active metabolites in any infected tissues including the liver, replication of hepadnaviruses would be inhibited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

2-Aminopurine↗
PubMed1993

Ctenascarophis lesteri n. sp. and Prospinitectus exiguus n. sp. (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) from the skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis.

Two cystidicolid nematodes, Ctenascarophis lesteri n. sp. and Prospinitectus exiguus n. sp., are described from the skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, from Fiji, New Caledonia, Marquesas Islands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Puerto Rico. The former species differs from Ctenascarophis gastricus, the only other member of the genus, by having comb rows extending farther posterior than two-thirds the body length, to the anus in the female; it also has differently distributed spines on each comb, with a maximum of 32 rather than 8. The male has 7 rows of precloacal longitudinal crests; 3 pairs of precloacal, 1 pair adanal, and 6 pairs postcloacal papillae; and a spicule ratio of 1:3.4-1:5.0. The latter species differs from Prospinitectus mollis, the only other species in the genus, by being less than one-half as long, 3.5-5.9 mm long; with a proportionally longer esophagus; fewer spines per spine ring, a maximum of 49 compared with 100; deirids that lack spinules; males with an unornamented precloacal cuticle as well as a different number and distribution of caudal papillae, 2 precloacal and 7 postcloacal; and a smaller spicule ratio, 1:4 rather than 1:5-1:7.

Animals↗