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Biomedical subjects

M Maynar

Publications and source records attributed to M Maynar.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of physical exercise on sex hormone binding globulin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides in postmenopausal women.

This study was performed on 18 postmenopausal female volunteers in order to examine changes in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), total cholesterol (TC) and serum triglyceride (TG) levels in a period of four months of moderate physical exercise. While SHBG decreased significantly (from 55.3 +/- 20.9 to 48.3 +/- 21.0 nM, P < 0.05), TG increased significantly (from 87 +/- 41.7 to 120.5 +/- 57.5 mg/dl, P < 0.001). These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in body fat content. Other parameters such as HDL-cholesterol, TC and BMI did not change significantly. Plasma levels of SHBG were negatively correlated to serum TG both at the beginning (r = 0.492, P < 0.05) and at the end (r = 0.538, P < 0.05) of the period of moderate exercise. Also, changes in SHBG were negatively correlated with changes in BMI (r = 0.585, P < 0.05) and this could indicate that SHBG levels are more related to nutritional status than androgen/estrogen imbalance.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Plasma lipid concentrations in professional cyclists after competitive cycle races.

Plasma lipid concentrations were measured in professional cyclists at the beginning of the training season and both before the start and at the end of two cycle races of similar length (800 and 900 km in 6 days). Plasma concentrations of triglyceride, total and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol: high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio were significantly lower and HDL-C concentrations significantly higher in cyclists compared to values in matched sedentary controls. At the end of the races, plasma concentrations of triglyceride and LDL-C were further reduced and HDL-C concentrations had increased compared to values at the start. At the end of the races, plasma concentrations of HDL-C were inversely correlated (r = -0.28, n = 45, P less than 0005) with triglyceride plasma concentrations. Body fat content, assessed as the sum of skinfold thicknesses was slightly reduced at the end of the race compared to the starting values. There was no significant correlation between skinfold thickness and plasma concentrations of HDL-C. Total plasma fatty acid concentrations were reduced and nonesterified fatty acids concentrations were increased at the end of the race compared to resting values. Consequently, the plasma concentrations of esterified fatty acids were significantly reduced after the race and there was a redistribution of the nonesterified fatty acids. The relative amounts of single fatty acids in the total fatty acid pool remained, however, remarkably constant. In conclusion, the results presented suggested that physical exercise, performed at the level of professional cyclists in a race, was an independent modifier of plasma lipid concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Erythrocyte free radical scavenger enzymes in bicycle professional racers. Adaptation to training.

This study was designed to investigate the influence of endurance training on the activities of the scavenger enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) measured in erythrocytes from sedentary subjects, amateur bicycle racers and in professional bicycle racers who were cycling in two real cyclist contests including the top-class race Vuelta a España (VCE). Under resting conditions the SOD activity was higher (p less than 0.01) in cyclists than in controls. The activities of CAT and GSH-Px were higher (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively) under resting conditions in professional cyclists versus measured both in sedentary subjects and amateur cyclists. The enzyme activities were not modified significantly in professional cyclists after a bout of exercise of 22 km in 5 hrs, but the SOD activity was increased (p less than 0.05) and CAT activity reduced (p less than 0.05) after 2800 km in 20 days (VCE). The present results shown that aerobic endurance training, when at a professional level, produces an increase in the erythrocyte activities of the main free radicals scavenger enzymes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

[The treatment of obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs with Simpson's Atherocath].

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is limited by a high percentage of restenosis in the medium and long runs. Other arterial recanalization systems to be combined with or to be used in alternative to angioplasty are under investigation. Atherectomy with Simpson's catheter (Atherocath) allows mechanical removal of the atheromatous plaque, leaving a smooth lumen, and vessel dilatation with the same effects as those of angioplasty and coaxial Dotter catheters. A Hundred and ten atherectomies with Atherocath were performed by the authors in 103 patients for the treatment of 77 stenoses and 33 total occlusions. All patients had 36 months' follow-up. Immediate and medium patency rates are encouraging in femoropopliteal arteries; the actual role of the method in iliac arteries is still to be demonstrated. Atherectomy with Aterocath can be useful not only in the treatment of arterial stenoses, but also in complete obstructions, in combination with angioplasty. Other relevant indications are the removal of partially or totally obstructive intimal flaps complicating angioplasty, and treatment of such ulcerated lesions as the blue-digit syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Use of Gianturco self-expandable stents in the tracheobronchial tree.

Gianturco self-expandable stents were used successfully in the management of 5 patients with tracheobronchial pathology. Placement was performed under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. None of the patients has experienced complications secondary to the stent placement, and in all of them the clinical problems resolved satisfactorily. Longer follow-up is required to determine the place of tracheobronchial stenting in patients with respiratory compromise.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The Simpson atherectomy catheter in the management of complete obstructions.

The Simpson atherectomy catheter has been used successfully to recanalise eleven complete occlusions of the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries. Atherectomy and angioplasty were used in combination in 8 cases. Following atherectomy, all patients showed clinical improvement. Distal pulses returned in 7; rest pain and/or claudication disappeared in the other 4. Ischaemic ulcers healed in the 2 affected patients. Overall, ankle-arm indices (AAI) improved by an average of 0.43, with the improvement being greatest (0.55) in patients in whom the lumen was recanalised to within 91-100% of the native luminal diameter. Seven patients have remained with stable AAI values and without change in their clinical status at 18 months follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Changes in the number of leukocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations induced by exercise in sedentary young people.

The influence of physical exercise on the quantification of leukocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations has been studied. These cells were obtained from blood taken from eleven healthy young men and women who follow a sedentary life style, before and after vigorous exercise (running). The results indicate that physical activity increases the number of white blood cells and the concentrations of circulating lymphocytes. The proportion of T-lymphocytes, estimated as rosette forming cells with sheep red blood cells after cold incubation, is constant, whereas a corresponding increase in cells with receptors for C3b or Ig-Fc is also observed. The data indicate that physical activity leads to an irregular intravascular discharge in stored cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Percutaneous atherectomy as an alternative treatment for postangioplasty obstructive intimal flaps.

Intimal flaps are commonly seen angiographically after percutaneous balloon angioplasty. Nonobstructive flaps are normally of little clinical significance, but flaps that obstruct blood flow may lead to partial or complete thrombosis. The Simpson atherectomy catheter was used to treat obstructive intimal flaps after angioplasty in four patients. Lumen patency was reestablished in all four cases. The clinical results were excellent, with rest pain and claudication resolved in all four patients and distal pulses reestablished in one. These findings suggest that the Simpson atherectomy catheter can be used to remove large obstructive flaps complicating angioplasty.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as best treatment in stenosis of vascular access for hemodialysis.

We show the results of treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on 38 occasions for vascular access for hemodialysis. Our study includes 22 patients with A-V internal fistulas (Cimino type), 1 autologous saphenous vein shunt and 7 synthetic polytetrafluoro-ethylene shunts. Twenty patients have had a follow-up period over 24 months. Four patients required a second and 2 of them a third transluminal dilatation. Only on two occasions were complications related to the technique. The microscopic findings of the venous wall after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty are shown.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Esophageal strictures: balloon dilation.

One hundred seventy transnasal balloon catheter dilation procedures were performed in 35 patients with esophageal strictures to assess the efficacy and safety of the procedure. On the average, five dilations were required per patient. Depending on the cause of the esophageal stricture, success rates for the technique ranged from 67% to 87%, with success defined as the resolution of dysphagia to both fluids and solids. Three complications, all perforations, were seen; one perforation required surgical repair. No procedure-related deaths were identified in this series. Balloon catheter dilation can be safely applied to esophageal strictures from a variety of causes, with a high degree of clinical success.

Catheterization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transjugular liver biopsy: a review of 77 biopsies using a spring-propelled cutting needle (biopsy gun).

Seventy-seven transjugular liver biopsies were performed with a coaxial, spring-loaded, 18-gauge cutting needle, the Biopty gun (Bard Biopsy System, Covington, GA, USA) on consecutive patients between July 1993 and February 1995. Fifty men and 27 women were included in the study; the mean age was 45 years (range 15-69 years). The average number of punctures per patient was 5.2, with a range of 2-9, yielding an average of 4.8 samples per patient (range 1-7). The length of the samples varied from 10 to 22 mm with a constant diameter of 1 mm. The mean time required to complete the procedure was 48 min (43-52 min). Histological diagnoses were obtained in 74 of 77 patients (96%), with non-diagnostic specimens attributed to excessive fragmentation (3 cases). Complications occurred in 10 patients (puncture site hematoma, carotid artery puncture, abdominal pain, vasovagal reaction, hepatic capsule perforation, and hemobilia). The latter two complications were self-limited. In our experience this transjugular hepatic biopsy method is promising for performing biopsies in patients with chronic liver disease, due to its high success rate and low morbidity rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gianturco self-expanding stents: clinical experience in the vena cava and large veins.

Twenty-five patients with stenosis of the vena cava (21) and other large veins (4) have been treated with self-expanding Gianturco metallic stents. Eighteen patients had superior vena cava syndrome. In 17, the stricture was due to malignant superior vena cava compression recurrent after maximum tolerance radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. In 16 of these patients there was early symptomatic relief. In 1 patient with a benign posttraumatic superior vena cava stricture, the stenosis was not relieved, and occlusion occurred after 1 month. Stenoses associated with dialysis shunts were relieved in 2 other patients. Two malignant and one benign inferior vena cava stenoses were relieved either until death, or in the benign case, for 30 months. One malignant subclavian vein obstruction occluded after 24 h due to stent misplacement and another with extrinsic mediastinal compression remained patent until death, extensive thrombus having been lysed prior to stent placement. The results of this short series suggest that the Gianturco self-expanding stent in the vena cava and large veins is easy and safe to place, and in most cases produces almost immediate palliation of the distressing effects of venous obstruction, often in a preterminal and inoperable patient.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retrieval of migrated colonic stents from the rectum.

Palliative stenting of malignant colonic obstruction may be complicated by stent migration. Stents that migrate into the rectum cannot be passed with bowel movements and frequently cause obstruction. We present two simple means to retrieve stents from the rectum using fluoroscopic guidance. These techniques were used successfully without complication in four stent migrations.

Colonic Neoplasms↗