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Biomedical subjects

M McCartney

Publications and source records attributed to M McCartney.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Examining nursing personnel costs: controlled versus noncontrolled oral analgesic agents.

To date, few evaluations have focused on nursing personnel costs generated by practices of other clinicians. The authors used traditional industrial engineering and cost accounting techniques to determine nursing personnel costs generated by the use of controlled versus noncontrolled oral analgesic agents. The findings indicate that additional nursing labor costs are generated for drug administration and inventory activities for controlled agents when compared with noncontrolled agents. On an annual basis, the additional costs for drug administration generate approximately +34,000 in hospital expenses for the three nursing units included in this evaluation. This type of interdisciplinary investigation may be valuable as nursing departments face increasing pressures to decrease costs by reducing overtime and eliminating positions.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1979

Worsening to diabetes in men with impaired glucose tolerance ("borderline diabetes").

Two hundred and four men with impaired glucose tolerance (borderline diabetes) discovered in a screening examination have been observed for five years and repeated tests of glucose tolerance performed. By pre-determined criteria 27 men 'worsened to diabetes' and this metabolic deterioration was not significantly influenced by treatment with carbohydrate restriction with or without a daily dose of 50 mg phenformin. Of the baseline variables measured prior to treatment allocation only the blood glucose values were significantly predictive of ultimate worsening to diabetes.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1978

Increased glomerular permeability to albumin induced by exercise in diabetic subjects.

The urinary excretion of albumin was measured in insulin-dependent diabetics under ordinary conditions of life and in response to exercise. Possible mechanisms of exercise induced albuminuria in diabetics were also investigated. Under ordinary conditions of life the insulin-treated diabetics, as a group, had a higher mean urinary albumin excretion than normal controls; however, half of the diabetics had albumin excretion rates within the control range. A given exercise load (600 kpm/min for 20 min) produced an exaggerated albumin excretion in diabetics, particularly evident in the post-exercise period. The elevated urinary albumin excretion was due to an increased transglomerular passage of albumin, not to reduced tubular reabsorption. The increase was not associated with differences in blood pressure or urine flow between controls and diabetics. This exercise test has proved to be a suitable provocation test to unmask abnormalities in the glomerular handling of albumin that might not be recognisable at rest.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1978

Glucose tolerance and blood pressure in two population samples: their relation to diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

The relationship between blood pressure and the blood sugar concentration measured two hours after a 50 g oral glucose load has been examined in two population surveys-the Whitehall and Bedford Surveys. In the Whitehall Survey, which was conducted in men above the age of 40, there was a positive, significant correlation between blood sugar and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) which was independent of common associations with age, body mass index (BMI) and heart rate. In the Bedford Survey, systolic blood pressures were significantly higher in newly detected diabetics and borderline diabetics, both men and women, than in normoglycaemic controls after adjustment of blood pressures for age and BMI. However, in the stratified random sample of the cooperating Bedford population, only amongst women was the blood sugar significantly and independently correlated with the systolic blood pressure. Evidence is presented and discussed that autonomic, neurohumoral factors may play some part in the pathogenesis of maturity onset diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of borderline diabetes: controlled trial using carbohydrate restriction and phenformin.

A five-year therapeutic trial of carbohydrate restriction with or without phenformin (50 mg/day) was performed in men with borderline diabetes. The aim of treatment was to diminish the enhanced risk of cardiovascular disease and deterioration of glucose tolerance. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were not significantly affected by any form of treatment, alone or in combination. The predominant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and for overall mortality was the initial blood pressure level. The baseline plasma cholesterol concentration significantly predicted the onset of intermittent claudication. One implication of the results is that hypotensive treatment, supplemented when necessary with hypolipidaemic treatment, may be more effective in preventing the progression of arterial disease in people with mild to moderate glucose intolerance than conventional antidiabetic therapy.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical risk assessment strategies for AIDS.

The CDC estimates that 1 to 1.5 million people in the United States are currently infected with the AIDS virus. With the increase in numbers of AIDS cases and infection rate, it is vital that health-care practitioners accurately assess a patient's risk status for AIDS. Two hundred clients from a free-standing birth center in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area completed a questionnaire on AIDS. The respondents represented a homogeneous group of white, middle to upper-middle class, well-educated women. Five items on the questionnaire involved a self-assessment of the subject's risk status for AIDS. The results indicated that the question content strongly influenced the subjects' perception of their risk level for AIDS. Furthermore, a major discrepancy was found between the subject's perceived risk status (2.5% at risk to 29% at risk, depending on the question) and the fact that all respondents thought it unlikely that they currently had the AIDS virus or would contract it in the future. Such a discrepancy may reflect possible denial and indicate a need for educational efforts in this area. It was concluded that all known and probable risk factors for AIDS must be presented to the clients so that an accurate assessment of risk can be made. It is through such an assessment that clients can learn about risk behaviors that may need to be altered to avoid infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attitudes toward AIDS among a low-risk group of women.

A descriptive study presents the results of a 31-item questionnaire surveying the attitudes, fears, and perceived risks regarding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of patients at a freestanding maternity center located in a Washington, DC, suburb. The nonprobability, convenience sample of 200 females consists primarily of a homogenous group of white, middle- to upper-middle-class, well-educated women. Results of the research indicate a need for an educational program on AIDS designed for this population of women.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗