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Biomedical subjects

M McCullough

Publications and source records attributed to M McCullough.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A large trial of intravenous Conray 325 and Niopam 300 to assess immediate and delayed reactions.

The trial was designed as an investigation into the incidence of both immediate and delayed reactions to the intravenous administration of Conray 325 (sodium iothalamate) (844 patients) and Niopam 300 (iopamidol) (855 patients) for urographic examination. Information was obtained from questionnaires returned by patients about a week after their examination, with a response rate of 81%. Significant differences were found in the incidences of both types of reactions to the two media with respect to nausea and vomiting, arm pain, and taste in the mouth, which was commoner in patients receiving Conray 325, whereas the incidence of delayed skin rashes and parotid swelling was commoner with Niopam 300. The occurrence of a flu-like illness, so-called "iodism", was found to be equal for the two contrast media.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1987

Current spectrum of intestinal obstruction.

In a 12-month prospective study incorporating four neighbouring district general hospitals, 228 patients required a total of 236 admissions with intestinal obstruction. The aetiological factors included adhesions 75 (32 per cent), malignant disease 61 (26 per cent), strangulated hernias 59 (25 per cent), volvulus 10 (4 per cent), acquired megacolon 6 (3 per cent), pseudo-obstruction 4 (2 per cent), faecal impaction 6 (3 per cent) and miscellaneous 15 (6 per cent). The peak incidence for obstruction due to adhesions, malignant disease and strangulated hernias each occurred in the eighth decade. Surgery was performed within 48 h of admission in 29 per cent adhesive obstructions (22), 30 per cent obstructions due to malignant disease (18) and 68 per cent strangulated hernias (40)--bowel resection rates in these three groups were 13.5, 50 and 29 per cent, respectively. The overall mortality was 11.4 per cent (26 deaths) and postoperative mortality was 12.3 per cent (19 deaths). During the 12-month study period, 228 patients required a total of 2993 inpatient hospital days as a result of intestinal obstruction. Postoperative adhesions have become the commonest cause of intestinal obstruction but strangulated hernias and intra-abdominal malignant disease still account for 50 per cent of all cases and mortalities. Obstruction due to strangulated hernias and intra-abdominal malignant disease typically occurs in the elderly age group where a more aggressive policy of elective surgical intervention is likely to be associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

In vitro cultivation of the exoerythrocytic stage of Plasmodium berghei from sporozoites.

When inoculated with sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei, the human embryonic lung cell line WI38 supports the complete asexual developmental cycle of the exoerythrocytic stage. Cultured parasites were sensitive to primaquine, were shown to resemble parasites in living hosts by immunofluorescent antibody tests, and on subinoculation into mice induced a red blood cell infection, the gametocytes of which produced sporozoites in anopheline mosquitoes.

Anopheles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A longitudinal study of the change in resistance patterns and genetic relationship of oral Candida albicans from HIV-infected patients.

Candida albicans is an important opportunistic pathogen in the oral cavity of HIV-infected patients. C. albicans was isolated repeatedly over a period of 30 months from the mouth-swills of five males with category IV HIV infection who suffered from recurrent pseudomembranous oral candidosis and were being treated with fluconazole. C. albicans was identified by the germ tube test, carbon assimilation by the API 20C test (bioMerieux sa, Marcy, l'Etoile, France) and morphology on cornmeal Tween 20 agar. Sensitivity testing was performed with a disk diffusion method using neosensitabs (Rosco Diagnostica, Taasrup, Denmark) and the broth microdilution assay using RPMI 1640 medium. Isolates from the five patients taken between 14 and 30 months apart (mean = 23 months) showed the development of resistance to several antifungal agents, notably fluconazole, miconazole and itraconazole by the disc diffusion method and markedly higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for fluconazole by the broth microdilution assay. Genetic relatedness of the C. albicans strains was assessed using the mixed-linker polymerase chain reaction method. Four patients had isolates which were genetically identical, while one patient had isolates of varying genetic type. This study has shown that in HIV-infected patients with recurrent oral pseudomembraneous candidosis, the development of drug resistance to antifungal agents may either be due to increased resistance of a single strain or replacement with a more resistant strain.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗