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Biomedical subjects

M McKinley

Publications and source records attributed to M McKinley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Comparisons of T cell receptor (TCR) V beta repertoires of lamina propria and peripheral blood lymphocytes with respect to frequency and oligoclonality.

The TCR repertoires of CD4+ and CD8+ lamina propria and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were compared with respect to V beta frequencies and oligoclonality. Disease-free colon specimens and paired peripheral blood samples were obtained from eight adult patients undergoing surgical resections for colorectal carcinoma. Mononuclear cell were isolated from the lamina propria and peripheral blood and separated into CD4+ and CD8+ cells by immunomagnetic adsorbtion. Analysis of V beta frequencies by qPCR revealed that PBL and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) from the same individual have very different repertoires, especially within the CD8+ population. Furthermore, CD8+, but not CD4+, LPL display extensive oligoclonality, similar to that which has previously been reported for CD8+ PBL. However, the oligoclonal receptors observed in CD8+ LPL are, in general, distinct from those observed in CD8+ PBL, and differ for each individual. These observations indicate that the TCR repertoires of LPL are as diverse as PBL, and suggest that LPL and PBL are normally exposed to different sets of antigens. In addition, these observations provide a baseline for examining the effects of various disease states and environmental insults on the LPL repertoire.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Crohn's disease is accompanied by changes in the CD4+, but not CD8+, T cell receptor BV repertoire of lamina propria lymphocytes.

To identify disease-specific T cell changes that occur in Crohn's disease (CD), the T cell receptor (TCR) BV repertoires of lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) isolated from the diseased colon of seven CD patients and eight controls were determined by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). As an internal control for the effects of HLA and other genes on the TCR repertoire, the BV repertoires of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from the same individuals were similarly determined and used for comparison. It was observed that the BV repertoires of LPL and PBL within the same individual were very different in both the CD and control groups. However, the CD4+, but not CD8+, repertoires of LPL and PBL differed to a much greater extent in the CD group than in the control group. Furthermore, in each CD patient there was a unique pattern of BV segments which were increased in the CD4+ LPL repertoire relative to that in PBL. These observations suggest that the inflammatory process in CD involves responses by specific CD4+ T cells to specific antigens. The isolation of such inflammation-specific CD4+ T cells may make it possible to identify the antigens which are responsible for the inflammatory process in CD and provide a better understanding of its pathogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

De novo ring chromosome 3: a new case with a mild phenotype.

We report an 18 year old female with a de novo ring chromosome 3 found after investigation for short stature. Her karyotype was interpreted as 46,XX, r(3)(p26.2q29). Her phenotype is milder than previously reported cases and illustrates the mild end of the spectrum of the ring chromosome 3 phenotype.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The value of developing a quality assurance program--Part III.

It is fundamental that quality, incorporated as a service, be provided. Assessing employees' input through a survey is an essential process. By developing, implementing and responding to staff questionnaires, a facility shows commitment to quality improvement. The mission and philosophy of a facility needs to incorporate employees concerns, and utilize this information towards the goal of improved patient care.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Emotional and behavioral predictors of preschool peer ratings.

It was predicted that social cognitive, behavioral, and affective aspects of young children's social development would predict stable peer ratings of their likability. Measures of likability, emotion knowledge, prosocial and aggressive behavior, peer competence, and expressed emotions (happy and angry) were obtained for 65 subjects (mean age = 44 months). Sociometric ratings, particularly negative, were stable over 1- and 9-month time periods. Correlational analyses showed that emotion knowledge and prosocial behavior were direct predictors of likability. Prosocial behavior mediated the relations of gender and expressed emotions with likability (i.e., gender and expressed emotions were each related to prosocial behavior, and prosocial behavior was related to likability, but neither gender nor expressed emotions were related to likability with prosocial behavior partialled out). Knowledge of emotional situations similarly mediated the age-likability relation. Results uphold the early development of stable peer reputations and the hypothesized centrality of emotion-related predictors of likability.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Missed prenatal diagnosis of fragile-X syndrome.

An account is given of a pregnancy in an obligatory carrier of the fragile-X syndrome, in whom examination of chorionic villus cells and fetal blood cells showed the presence of a male fetus who lacked the fragile-X chromosome. However, at 3 months of age he had 14 per cent of fragile-X cells in his blood. Reasons are suggested for this error in diagnosis. The empirical risk for an error of this sort is 3 per cent.

Chorionic Villi Sampling↗
PubMed1989

Immunoreactivity of tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic colon.

Monoclonal antibody B72.3 recognizes tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) and has been widely used to identify malignant epithelial cells in cytologic and histologic preparations. We investigated TAG-72 expression in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic adult colon tissues. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of normal (43), hyperplastic (20), and neoplastic (70) colonic tissue were studied with B72.3 using the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase method. TAG-72 expression was detected in 100% of the invasive carcinomas, in 84% of the normal colon samples, in 100% of the hyperplastic polyps, and in 93% of the adenomatous or mixed hyperplastic-adenomatous lesions. Among cases expressing TAG-72 immunoreactivity, the extent of staining varied from 100% of cells in normal and hyperplastic lesions to 10% to 100% in neoplastic lesions. A consistent supranuclear (presumably Golgi) staining pattern was observed in all tissues with the exception of carcinoma and some adenomas; in these cases, staining localized to the luminal surface and intraluminal mucin and/or was diffusely cytoplasmic. From these data, it is clear that TAG-72 is expressed in both benign and neoplastic cells of the human adult colon, although different patterns of expression may distinguish malignant transformation. Furthermore, carcinoma cells less consistently express TAG-72, so that small biopsies or cytologic specimens may be falsely negative due to sampling errors.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Physical linkage of a GABAA receptor subunit gene to the DXS374 locus in human Xq28.

We report the physical linkage of the gene encoding one of the subunits of the GABAA receptor (GABRA3) to the polymorphic locus DXS374 on the human X chromosome at Xq28. X-linked manic depression and other psychiatric disorders have been mapped to this region, and thus GABRA3 is a potential candidate gene for these disorders. DXS374--and therefore GABRA3--lies distal to the fragile X locus at a recombination fraction of approximately .15.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed1989

Implications of flow cytometry in malignant conditions of the stomach.

UNLABELLED: Aneuploidy, abnormal nuclear DNA content, has been demonstrated in most malignant processes, including gastric malignancies. Utilizing flow cytometry on endoscopic biopsies, we have attempted to characterize the prevalence of aneuploidy and to investigate the prognostic implications of gastric biopsy DNA content with regard to survival. DNA aneuploidy was detected in 71% of specimens revealing malignancy by histologic evaluation. When aneuploidy was demonstrated, 63% of the specimens proved to be positive for malignancy (positive predictive value). However, the absence of aneuploidy had a negative predictive value for malignancy of 93%. Patients with diploid adenocarcinomas had a median survival of 32 months, compared to a median survival of 4 months in the group with DNA aneuploidy. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The prevalence of aneuploidy in endoscopically obtained specimens compares favorably with other previously reported series. 2) The presence of aneuploidy in gastric malignancies appears to correlate with decreased survival and may be helpful in making therapeutic decisions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

The value of MRI in evaluating perirectal and pelvic disease.

MRI of the perirectal region is facilitated by the superb soft tissue contrast, multiplanar imaging capability, lack of respiratory motion artifact and absence of clip artifact which can hamper visualization by CT scan. MRI provides distinct advantages over CT scanning without the need for ionizing radiation or the injection of intravenous contrast material. This study reviews the findings in 18 consecutive patients with a variety of perirectal pathologies including rectal carcinoma (3), gynecologic neoplasm (8), sacral lesions (2), pelvic arteriovenous malformations (2), inflammatory bowel disease (2), and a pelvic kidney (1). In the perirectal region, MR was useful to show normal tissue planes, benign processes which can mimic neoplasm, intrapelvic extension of malignancy and adenopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of colonic neoplasia by flow cytometry of endoscopic biopsies.

Colonoscopy is a valuable and frequently used method in the evaluation of colonic neoplasia. Flow cytometry is a technique that can be used to diagnose malignancy. In this study, flow cytometry was used to evaluate colonoscopic biopsies taken from patients with suspected colonic neoplasia. Nineteen colonic biopsies were obtained and evaluated by this technique. Aneuploidy was demonstrated in six patients with carcinoma of the colon. In addition, abnormal DNA histograms were noted in two premalignant conditions (colonic adenoma and inflammatory bowel disease). The results show that flow cytometry can be applied to colonic biopsies and suggest that it may be of use in the diagnosis of malignant and premalignant conditions of the colon.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Barrett's esophagus with adenocarcinoma in scleroderma.

The gastrointestinal manifestations of scleroderma are varied. Esophageal problems are common especially in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. An adenocarcinoma complicating a Barrett's esophagus was identified in a patient with the CREST variant of scleroderma. The significance of this association and its relationship to chronic reflux esophagitis is discussed. Patients with scleroderma should be considered to be at an increased risk of developing this premalignant condition of the esophagus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Ocular manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.

The association between inflammation of the eyes and the intestine is not often recognized by ophthalmologists. We report two patients who developed peripheral corneal ulcers, episcleritis, and scleritis just prior to the onset of Crohn's disease. The severity of the eye disease paralleled that of the intestinal symptoms, and both conditions subsided after treatment with topical steroids, oral prednisone, oral sulfasalazine, and hydrocortisone retention enemas. Inflammatory bowel disease should always be included in the differential diagnosis of scleritis and uveitis, as the patient may be benefited greatly by appropriate, early therapy of this gastrointestinal disorder.

Adult↗