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Biomedical subjects

M Medl

Publications and source records attributed to M Medl.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Color Doppler ultrasound determination of the differential structure of breast tumors].

Eighty-seven women with mammographically suspicious breast lesions were investigated prior to surgery. 32 breast carcinomas and 55 benign lesions were evaluated for the resistance index, the pulsatility index, the flow velocity and the acceleration index. Our study showed the resistance index with a threshold value of 0.70 to be best suited to differentiate benign tumors from malignant ones. In this series, the sensitivity of color Doppler ultrasonography for the detection of breast carcinomas was 84%, and the specificity 80%. The positive predictive value was 71% and the negative predictive value 90%. Color Doppler scanning offers one possible method for further investigation of patients with mammographic abnormalities and can help to reduce the number of unnecessary breast biopsies.

Adenomyoma↗
PubMed1994

[Clarification and treatment of teat stenosis using endoscopy].

In ten cows ten stenotic teats were endoscopically examined and treated. For this purpose two different methods were performed: Either the endoscopy was performed through the teat canal or through a small incision in the side of the teat. The endoscopy through the teat canal proved to be a simple and practical method. However, the results were not always clear-cut, and a controlled operation was not possible. Endoscopy through a side access is more expensive but has several advantages. It allows a good view on the Fürstenbergsche Rosette, one of the most frequent locations of stenosis. Additionally, controlled operations of the level of the Fürstenbergsche Rosette are possible once a suitable instrument has been introduced through the teat canal. The additional trauma caused by the access hole is a minor problem. All cows examined and treated by this method could be milked without any problems three days after the operation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

HER-2 and INT-2 amplification estimated by quantitative PCR in paraffin-embedded ovarian cancer tissue samples.

Competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) systems were developed for rapid and quantitative estimation of HER-2 (c-erbB-2) and INT-2 oncogene amplification in paraffin-embedded ovarian cancer tissue samples. The beta-globin gene was used as reference and DNA from paraffin-embedded placenta tissue as single copy control. Reliability of the PCR method could be demonstrated by comparing dot blot data with PCR data of identical tumour samples. The PCR method was used to determine HER-2 and INT-2 copy numbers in 196 ovarian cancer samples. HER-2 and INT-2 were found to be amplified in 40 and 19%, respectively. In 8% HER-2 copy numbers were greater than five, but no high INT-2 copies were noted. Kaplan-Meier estimates did not reveal significant association with overall survival. Indirect correlation between HER-2 and INT-2 amplification was observed. The present PCR system is a valuable method for prospective and retrospective studies.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Primary fallopian tube cancer--an Austrian multicenter study].

Incidence and prognostic factors of primary carcinomas of the Fallopian tubes were studied in a retrospective multi-centre analysis of 81 women during the period of 1980 to 1990. Data from 13 departments (university as well as general hospitals) were included in the present study which was designed to evaluate the state-of-the-art of diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the Fallopian tubes in Austria, and to compare the results with those from the literature. Stages were classified according to the modified FIGO-system for ovarian cancer; grading followed the criteria of Hu, Taylor and Hertig. The mean age of the patients was 62.1 years. Thirty-seven (45.7%) tumours were found to be in stage I, sixteen (19.8%) in stage II, nineteen (23.4%) in stage III, and nine (11.1%) tumours in stage IV. In 66 Patients, the tumour could be radically removed. The surgical method applied in 68 cases was removal of the uterus, the adnexa, and/or the omentum, or lymph nodes. Post-operatively, patients underwent an adjuvant therapy which was either irradiation (n = 32; 39.5%), or chemotherapy (n = 34; 42.0%). Fifteen patients had no therapy after operation. The five-year survival rate for stages I and II was 75% compared to 17% in stages III and IV.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Determination of HER-2/neu amplification and expression in tumor tissue and cultured cells using a simple, phenol free method for nucleic acid isolation.

A rapid, simple and non-toxic procedure for the simultaneous isolation of DNA and RNA from tumor tissue and cells grown in vitro is described. Guanidinium isothiocyanate was used for homogenization of tumor tissue and for cell lysis. Separation of proteins, DNA and RNA was carried out by isopycnic centrifugation in cesium trifluoroacetate. DNA was further purified by salting out residual protein. Nucleic acids prepared by this method from 47 primary human carcinomas and 17 human cell lines were analysed for amplification and expression of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene. 2- to 10-fold amplification of HER-2/neu was noted in 7/22 mammary carcinomas (32%) and in 4/14 ovarian carcinomas (28%). No amplification of the proto-oncogene was found in 4 laryngeal carcinomas, 1 pharyngeal carcinoma, 2 retrolingual carcinomas, 3 gastric carcinomas and 1 kidney carcinoma. HER-2/neu overexpression was observed in 6/22 of mammary carcinomas (27%) and 7/14 of ovarian carcinomas (50%). No overexpression was found in all other carcinomas studied. Concordance between amplification and overexpression was noted in 3 mammary and 4 ovarian carcinomas, respectively. 3 mammary and 3 ovarian carcinomas showed overexpression without amplification. 5 human mammary carcinoma cell lines showed both amplification and overexpression of HER-2/neu. In two mammary carcinoma cell lines (MDA MB-453 and ZR 75-1) overexpression was noted without amplification of the proto-oncogene. These data combine to suggest that mechanisms other than gene amplification may also lead to overexpression of the HER-2/neu protooncogene in cancer cells.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Locally advanced breast carcinoma: evaluation of mammography in the prediction of residual disease after induction chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the mammographic features of locally advanced breast carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to evaluate morphological criteria that determine the value of mammography in therapy monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the pre- and post-therapeutic mammograms of 44 patients with stage III-breast carcinoma with regard to tumor characteristics and malignant calcifications and compared to histopathological results. RESULTS: Delineation of the tumor proved to be the most significant criterion. In 34 tumors more than 50% of the lesion was defined; these showed a high correlation between the mammographically determined tumor diameter and that determined on histopathological examination (r = 0.77). Less than 50% of the mass was definable in 14 tumors; here the correlation between mammographically and histopathologically determined tumor diameter was low (r = -0.19). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic value of mammography in the evaluation of tumor response to induction chemotherapy depends primarily on the extent to which the tumor can be delineated from the adjacent breast tissue. For tumors whose margins can be defined by more than 50% on the baseline mammogram, the diagnostic reliability of mammography is high. Ill-defined masses should preferably be assessed with other imaging procedures such as ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First report of lymphatic mapping with isosulfan blue dye and sentinel node biopsy in cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node status provides important information about the status of the regional nodes in various malignant tumors. Our report describes a method of identifying the sentinel lymph nodes in cervical cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In three cases of early cervical cancer, isosulfan blue dye was injected paracervically into each lateral fornix immediately before surgery. RESULTS: In all cases we identified two to three blue stained (sentinel) lymph nodes located either at the iliac artery or in the obturatory space. The blue colored nodes were positive for disease, all other pelvic lymph nodes removed were negative. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that preoperative lymphatic mapping with vital blue dye is an easy to perform technique to visualize sentinel lymph nodes in cervical cancer. Sentinel lymph node status may be representative of the pelvic lymph node status in cervical cancer and thus could provide important information for further treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does long-term application of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor adversely influence overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer? A clinical study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term administration of G-CSF with regard to its impact on overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer. We report the results of a non-randomized trial on 64 patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated with 6 cycles of conventional chemotherapy. Chemotherapy comprised carboplatin 400 mg/m2 and epirubicin 70 mg/m2 on day 1 of each cycle and prednimustine 100 mg/m2 on days 3 to 7, every 28 days. Thirty-three patients received CEP chemotherapy with G-CSF support whereas 31 women received CEP chemotherapy alone. The schedule of G-CSF was 5 mg/kg/day subcutanously on days 8 to 21 of each cycle. The severity of reduction in white cells and neutrophil count was significantly different in the two treatment groups (p<0.05), with more toxicity in the non- G-CSF group. G-CSF users had a non significant 0.88-fold lower risk of dying from ovarian cancer (95% CI, 0.48-1.60, p=0.678). In a survival analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model, residual tumor remained as an independent prognostic factor. The increasing amount of residual tumor resulted in a 1.767-fold higher risk (95% CI, 1.23-2.53, p=0.002) of death secondary to the underlying disease. In conclusion, this trial has failed to demonstrate any negative impact on patients' overall survival for the additional use of G-CSF with platinum-based chemotherapy; our results were consistent with the beneficial effects of G-CSF treatment on cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative evaluation of suspected ovarian masses.

Meticulous pretreatment evaluation is basic to the successful management of suspected ovarian masses. Among currently available imaging techniques, sonography and computerized tomography are the most important diagnostic modalities. The purpose of our study was to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging provided additional information on masses in the true pelvis. 73 patients with masses in the true pelvis underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. MRI was done with a 1.0 T supraconductive magnet (Magnetom Impact, Siemens). The results obtained were compared with sonographic (transabdominal and transvaginal), intraoperative and histopathologic findings. MR images were evaluated for their information on differentiation between benign and malignant neoplasm, tumor staging, lymph node involvement, peritoneal spread, local extension and organ relation. MRI correctly characterized malignant and benign tumors in 97% of cases versus 81% on ultrasound. The site of the primary tumor was correctly diagnosed in 94% of cases on MRI images versus 86% on ultrasound images. Invasion of adjacent intestinal segments as well as peritoneal carcinomatosis and omental metastases (metastasis > 1 cm) were also detected in the majority of cases. Based on our results MRI performs well at lesion detection and characterization in the evaluation of suspected ovarian masses. MRI should be considered in the investigation of patients with complicated findings on ultrasound.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of color-coded Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

87 women with mammographically suspicious breast lesions were investigated prior to surgery. Color Doppler signals were obtained in 80 patients. 32 breast carcinomas and 55 benign lesions were evaluated for the RI (resistance index), the PI (pulsatility index), the flow velocity and the Al (acceleration index). Our study showed the RI > 0.7 an optimal threshold value to differentiate benign from malignant tumors. In this series, the sensitivity of duplex Doppler ultrasound for the detection of breast carcinoma was 84%, and the specificity 80%. The positive predictive value was 71%, the negative predictive value 90% and the accuracy 82%. Color Doppler scanning is a possible method for further investigation of patients with mammographic abnormalities and can be useful to reduce the number of unnecessary breast biopsies.

Adult↗