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Biomedical subjects

M Meinl

Publications and source records attributed to M Meinl.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

[The effect of exogenous factors on pre-cecal nutrient and amino acid resorption determined in swine with ileo-rectal anastomoses. 2. The effect of the degree of grinding of plant protein-rich concentrates in rations].

In digestion trials using pigs fitted with ileo-rectal anastomoses and intact pigs, the influence of two different grinding finenesses (coarse, fine) of vegetable high-protein concentrates (soya bean meal, field bean, lupin) added to cereal diets was examined. It was found that neither the precaecal nor the total nutrient absorption and digestibility were practically injured, when in the concentrates the particle sizes bigger than 2 mm did not amount more than 20% and whole grains hardly occurred. The investigations concerned the crude putrients, watersoluble carbohydrates and starch as well as the indispensable and dispensable amino acids. The apparent and true precaecal absorption values and total digestibility data for soya bean meal (heat treated), field bean (variety 'Fribo' and yellow sweet lupin (variety 'Bornova'--calculated by the different method--are given and discussed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1988

[The effect of exogenous factors on prececal nutrient and amino acid absorption, ascertained from swine with ileo-rectal anastomoses. 3. The effect of crude fiber-rich coarse meal supplements to a basic ration].

In digestion trials using pigs fitted with ileo-rectal anastomoses and parallel intact pigs the influence of wheat straw meal (WSM) or grass meal (GM) supplemented on two different levels to a basal diet was examined with regard to nutrient and amino acid digestibility resp. absorption. Both roughages reduced, obviously because of their high cell wall contents, nearly at equal amounts and partly significantly the precaecal as well as the total digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, carbohydrates (= crude fibre + NFE), crude fibre and hemicelluloses (arabinose, xylose). By the roughage supplementations the crude protein digestibility at the terminal ileum was less reduced than at the end of the total digestive tract, the starch digestibility was hardly influenced and that of ether extract mostly increased. In comparison with precaecal glucose and fructose digestibilities it could be shown that the anthrone method is not suitable for determinations of the precaecal digestibility of water soluble carbohydrates. Beside these compounds other substances in the ileum digesta must evidently be dyed by anthrone too. The crude protein digestibility and the amino acid absorption were precaecally hardly or not reduced by WSM supplementations, therefore it can be concluded that it is possible to dilute the energy concentration in diets (e.g. for sows) by addition of WSM without impairing protein digestion and amino acid absorption. The GM supplementations, however, impaired protein digestibility and amino acid absorption of the whole diet, probably caused by the encrusted, possibly heat damaged protein present in the GM itself. When the roughage supplemented diets were fed, the excretion of nitrogen compounds in the faeces was enlarged due to the more intensive bacterial activity in the hind gut and the additional sorption effects to cell wall substances, so that a too low apparent and also true digestibility is made believe. The applicability of the difference method to the calculation of protein and amino acid digestibilities in roughages is very questionable because of their low contents and the missing additivity. The crude fibre and hemicellulose digestibility values calculated by the difference method demonstrate for the both roughages--in spite of high standard deviations--that the precaecal digestibility of crude fibre is about zero and that of the hard lignified hemicellulose fraction in contrast to the predominantly endospermic hemicelluloses of the basal diet is very low. The faecal crude fibre and hemicellulose digestibilities of WSM--especially on the lower supplementation levels--are markedly worse than those of GM.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of thermal treatment of potato products on nutrient decomposition in the digestive tract of swine. 1. Passage and digestibility of nutrients in the various portions of the intestine].

In addition to a basic ration (barley, dried green fodder, fishmeal) pigs (castrated males, 100 ... 130 kg live weight) received a supplement of raw potato starch, raw ensiled potatoes, cooked potato starch or steamed ensiled potatoes; nutrient and amino acid passage and digestibility (absorption) were measured in the small intestine, the upper large intestine and the total digestive tract with the help of simple cannulae at the distal ileum and the middle of the hind gut and the estimation of the HCl insoluble ash as an indicator. In addition, the amounts of bacteria in faeces were determined and the influence of raw and cooked potato starch on N retention was ascertained. When raw potato products were fed, distinctly higher amounts of dry matter, organic matter and starch pass the ileum, which get into the colon undigested, i.e. the digestibility of these substances is low at the end of the ileum (raw potato starch 24%, starch of raw ensiled potatoes 36%). Up to the middle of the colon there is intensive bacterial starch degradation so that in this place the difference between raw and thermically treated potatoes is only small. No matter what the previous treatment of the potatoes was, there is hardly any starch in faeces, i.e. it was nearly 100% digested up to the end of the digestive tract. The passage and digestibility resp. of ash and crude cellulose from the basic ration is not influenced by the supplement of raw or thermically treated potato products in the individual sections of the digestive tract. At the end of the ileum there are no differences between the apparent digestibility of the crude protein and absorption of amino acids of supplemented raw or cooked potato starch or steamed ensiled potatoes; after the use of raw ensiled potatoes they are, however, significantly more reduced than the comparison of analyses of faeces shows. In the large intestine the high amount of potato starch stimulates the metabolism and the reproduction of faecal bacteria as is shown by an increase by 20-30% in bacteria N excretion in faeces. Apparent crude protein digestibility and amino acid absorption are diminished by that. The increased N excretion in faeces after the supplement of raw potato starch to the basic ration is-in comparison with the supplement of heated starch-compensated by a commensurately lower N excretion in urine so that N retention practically remains uninfluenced by the supplement of variously treated potato starch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of exogenous factors on prececal nutrient and amino acid reabsorption, ascertained in swine with ileorectal anastomoses. 1. Effect of the degree of grinding up of grain].

Pigs fitted with ileo-rectal anastomoses (IRA) and in parallel experiments intact (INT) pigs were used to estimate the influence of the different grinding fineness of barley and wheat (coarse, medium, fine) on the apparent and true precaecal and total digestibility resp. absorption of various N free and N containing nutrients, among them crude protein and the indispensable and dispensable amino acids. Coarse grinding (25 ... 50% of the particles greater than 2 mm) resulted in significantly lower digestibility values than medium and fine grinding--with more striking differences in barley than in wheat. Precaecally most nutrients and amino acids are distinctly less digestible than at the end of the total tract. The precaecal lysine absorption determined with IRA pigs is remarkably low. The results are discussed. In order to attain a good utilization of the protein contained in cereals grains should be ground in hammermills with maximal sieve meshes of 3 mm. It is proposed to tabulate crude protein and amino acids in future on the basis of a standardized true precaecal digestibility resp. absorption.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

[The bacterial fraction in swine feces].

By a treatment with a solution of detergent, subsequent sedimentation and centrifugation faeces samples taken from 12 growing female pigs were divided into: fraction A (coarse particles), fraction B (finer particles), fraction C (bacteria fraction). N-, AA- and diamino pimelic acid (DAP) analyses as well as microscopic analyses were carried out with the complete samples and the fractions. By means of fractioning, 55% of the faecal N and 80% of the DAP could be concentrated in fraction C, fraction A contained approximately 23% of the N and 20% of the DAP. From the DAP: N quotient of fraction C, which was 65 mg DAP/g N, a quota of nearly 70% bacteria-N in the total faecal N of the pigs was calculated.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

[Relations between apparent fecal and apparent ileal crude protein digestibility in swine].

The crude protein and lysine digestibility values available in literature and ascertained in comparative investigations at the end of the small intestine (distal ileum) and in the complete digestive tract (faeces analysis method) of pigs were subjected to a correlation calculation in order to find out whether and to what degree there are relations between apparent 'ileal' and apparent 'faecal' digestibility. For both crude protein and lysine the relation between ileal and faecal digestibility is so close (r = 0.73 resp. 0.85 ... 0.98) so that for practical purposes it is not necessary to determine the apparent ileal digestibility for each feedstuff by means of the complicated cannula method. This can be calculated with great reliability from the experimentally ascertained apparent faecal digestibility. The differences between faecal and ileal digestibility are smaller for lysine (conversion factors 0.92 ... 0.99) than for crude protein (conversion factors 0.89 ... 0.93).

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1982

[Nutrient composition of some newly bred high-protein and/or high-lysine cereal strains and digestibility by growing pigs. 2. Protein quality and digestibility of the amino acids].

After a first report on the nutrient composition and the digestibility of some newly bred varieties of cereals, information on the apparent digestibility of the amino acids in growing female pigs ascertained with the same test material is given. These data serve the evaluation of the quality of such cultivation products and the completion of the data in of feedstuffs tables and tables of the amino acid content. The newly bred barleystrains meet the requirement of digestible protein of pigs, wheat exceeds it whereas the maize samples fall short of it. The content of digestible lysine in the newly bred barleystrain approximate the requirement of growing pigs. There is ample digestible methionine + cystine in all samples. This again proves that newly cultivated barley and wheat rich in protein and lysine if accordingly supplemented with the limiting amino acid lysine can be used as sole feed for fattening pigs. Moreover, it becomes again obvious that the apparent digestibility of the amino acids can, for practical purposes, be sufficiently exactly evaluated with the help of the apparent digestibility of the crude protein of the respective feedstuff.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

[Absorption and utilization of amino acids infused into the cecum of growing pigs. 1. Measurement of N-balance for utilization of lysine and isoleucine; isoleucine requirement for growing pigs].

In N-balance experiments with growing pigs (40-60 kg live weight) investigations were made whether lysine or isoleucine that is infused into the caecum can be absorbed there and to what extent these amino acids in that case can be utilised by the animal for protein synthesis. The pigs either received basic rations with insufficient lysine or isoleucine resp. (negative control group) or the amounts of lysine and isoleucine lacking to meet the requirement were supplemented with the feed (positive control group) or continuously infused into the caecum with the help of caecal infusion cannulae (test group). In the experiments with lysine the animals in the negative control group and in the test group showed considerably lower N-balances than the positive control group. There were no differences as regards the apparent digestibility of lysine between the positive control group and the test group. The urine of the test group contained distinctly more NH3. This shows clearly that lysine that is infused into the caecum cannot be utilised by the pigs, it is, on the contrary, microbially decomposed, the nitrogen is chiefly absorbed as NH3 and excreted in urine. As regards isoleucine, the deficit brought about with the basic ration was insufficient in order to achieve significant differences between the N-balance values of the groups so that unambiguous statements on the absorption and utilisation of isoleucine infused into the caecum cannot be made. Concerning apparent digestibility of isoleucine and the NH3 content of the urine, the results of the isoleucine experiments were similar to those in the lysine experiments. According to our N-balance experiments the isoleucine requirement of pigs indicated in relevant literature as 5.6 g/kg dry matter of the feed is by far too high. It should be limited to 3.5 or a maximum of 4.0 g isoleucine per kg dry matter of the feed.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of graded protein supply at high-energy level on the fattening performance and the retention and utilization of feed energy, protein and amino acids by female fattening swine. 3. N retention and N and lysine metabolism determined by N balance and N analysis of the carcasses].

The slaughtering of female fattening pigs differently supplied with protein and lysine (nearly constant proportions) showed that a high supply (III) in comparison to the standard supply (II) did not bring about better results. The lower consumption of digestible crude protein and lysine (I) resulted in a prolonged fattening period, lower daily protein retention (by 23%) and a lower content in live weight growth (by 5%). The two feeding variants I and III are therefore ineconomical and not recommendable. There are significant positive correlations between N-retention calculated from 3 N-balance measurings in the first fattening period (up to the 44th fattening day) and N-deposit ascertained after the analysis at the carcasses at the beginning and at the end of fattening. By means of the calculated estimate functions (1) y = 4.724 + 0.5432x and (2) y = 7.850 + 0.4961x the level of the real protein deposition (y) in the total fattening period can be derived from the N-balance (x) both in g per animal and day (1) and in g per kg live weight growth (2). The four complexes of causes for the differences in N-retention according to N-balance and N-deposit according to carcass analysis: 1. high N-deposition in the first fattening period; 2. unascertainable N-losses 3. the difference between slaughtering and total body weight and 4. physiologically caused deviations in the N-storage of the living organism, are discussed. Protein and lysine utilisations are comparable with values from literature achieved under similar conditions. In the group supplied according to standard (II) it is 29.5 and 45.6% resp. or, related to the digested quota, 36.6 and 57.7% resp. Here the protein (10.1 kg) and lysine (1,640 g) assigned for a live weight growth of 80 kg (35-115 kg) in 100 fattening days were consumed, which means that 162 g lysine were needed for 1 kg deposited protein.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1979

[Protein digestability and amino acid absorption in various segments of the digestive tract of pigs. 1. Methods of animal experimentation, protein content and amino acid patterns of the digesta in the small intestine and in feces after feeding different feeds].

Re-entrance cannulae were applied by way of operations at the end of the small intestine of a larger number of growing pigs. After a post-operative phase these animals were fed with various rations (N-free diet, fattening feed for pigs, rations with dried skim milk resp. wheat gluten + lysine and wheat + wheat gluten + lysine). During the main experiment periods the ileum digesta (24 hour-periods of collecting) and the feces were quantitatively registered. The protein and amino acid content ascertained in the feed rations, the digesta and feces samples are reported, comparatively evaluated and discussed. The amount of amino acids (in mg per kg intake of dry matter) contained in the ileum digesta after N-free feeding were statistically calculated with regard to differences occuring between the animals and days. For most amino acids a significant decrease in the ileum digesta could be detected during the course of the N-free feeding period. Moreover, the amount of amino acids in the ileum digesta was compared with the metabolic fecal amino acids, from which conclusions could be drawn concerning the disappearance rate of the individual amino acids in large intestine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

[Nutrient composition of some newly bred high protein and/or high lysine grains and their digestibility determined on growing pigs].

With the view to complementing the feedstuff data store and, consequently, to further improving the GDR Feed Evaluation System, some newly bred high-protein and/or high-lysine cereal varieties and strains (spring barley, winter wheat, maize) were studied for their nutrient composition and digestibility. Apart from from WEENDER's feed analysis technique, more recent methods were applied to determine total fat (after HCl treatment), carbohydrates (enzymatic method), lignin and amino acids. The digestibility of the nutrients was determined using growing pigs of different live weight, the test rations being made up of the cereals under and supplementations of limiting amino acids as well as vitamins and minerals. In comparison with the values from currently applied tables, the newly bred strains and varieties proved to have markedly higher contents of crude protein, digestible crude protein, lysine and energetic feed equivalents. Compared to crude fat, the total fat values proved markedly higher in the barley and wheat samples. The readily soluble and easily hydrolizable carbohydrates found with the new analysis procedure suggested, were 100% digestible in all cereal samples used. Lignin proved the constituent most difficult to digest and must be regarded as virtually undigestible in the case of pigs.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

[Pericarditis of the heart niches (author's transl)].

Pericarditis of the Niches of the Heart (PNH) is an inflammatory process, progressing in stages, at the base of the pericardium. It is acquired during life and results finally in the formation of callosities. Lymphozytes, plasma cells, blood capillaries, and histiozytes as collagen fibres of various density characterize the PNH histologically. In 104 (48%) of 216 examined pericardiums of all age groups, PNH could be shown. The frequency of occurrence increases with age. No correlation to any fundamental disease was found. Mechanical influences are the primary cause of the origin of PNH. The pulsations affecting the plica of the base of the pericard as well as frictional, tensional and shear forces may initiate the process via small lesions of the serosa.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Studies on lysine availability with Tetrahymena pyriformis as the test organism].

A series of experiments was performed to verify the suitability of the protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis (T.P.) for determining the lysine availability of feeds. The multiplication rate was estimated with the aid of organism counting, turbidimetry and reduction of triphenyltetrazolium chloride. The volume of T.P. was calculated on the basis of length and breadth measurements, Within higher rates of multiplication, there was connected a tendency towards larger organism volumes. A comparison of the growth tests showed that only turbidimetry is able to reflect, under certain conditions, the efficiency of the test organism in protein synthesis. The values for lysine availability varied widely according to the kind and pretreatment of the feedstuff, but did in no case attain those obtained with animal experiments. T.P. is, therefore, scarcely suited as a test organism for determining the protein quality and amino-acid availability of feedstuffs.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

[Fat-embolic vascular occlusions in avian lungs. Research of histologically determinable neutral fats in parrotlike birds (Psittaciformes)].

In 50 flying birds (49 parrot-like, one peacock), the content of fat-embolic vascular occlusions was determined. In 22 cases, fat-embolic occlusions of low intensity were found in pulmonary capillaries. There were no occlusions in renal vessels. The fat embolies had no influence on a lethal outcome. There was no statistically significant correlation between the fatty infiltration of the liver, the fat content of the bone marrow, and the frequency of fat-embolic occlusion of blood vessels. In 18 cases, mycoses were the cause of death. These infections did not influence the number of fat-embolic vascular occlusions.

Animals↗