Social and economic factors in patients with coronary disease.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Menken.
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There is a consensus that technology is not always used appropriately in many medical care situations. In this article, a social and epidemiologic approach looks beyond biomedical issues to examine short- and long-term social consequences of using newer technology, particularly as related to neurologic disease. The prevailing belief that noninvasive neurodiagnostic testing is harmless for the patient often overlooks important physical and behavioral effects. High-technology subspecialization within neurology affects the matrix of patient care as well as the character of the specialty. The principles of clinical epidemiology and social medicine can help practitioners use neurotechnology more rationally.
Sixteen Indian neurologists saw 1,850 patients over a sample 6-day working week. The average daily workload comprised 19 patients including 11 new cases. Epilepsy (27.0%), headache (19.0%) and cerebrovascular disorders (7.8%) were the commonest problems. Only 2.5% fell in the ICD-9-CM categories 780-799 consisting of symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions. In 43% it was felt that the neurologic consult was not necessary. In the Indian setting this would suggest that emphasis should be on neurologic education of primary care physicians and internists for the appropriate utilization of limited resources.
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The number of neurosurgeons per million population is much lower in Europe than in the USA, where the point prevalence of neurosurgeons doubled between 1963-87. Results of a 1987 survey of USA neurosurgical practice show that surgery filled 25% of total time in professional activity. Of all cases treated, 64% were spinal disorders and 24% were intracranial disorders. Use of a relative value scale for neurosurgical procedures makes possible a rough and ready estimate of a neurosurgeon's weekly aggregate workload. However, the concept of a mean surgical workload must be examined within the context of the known variation of case mix and volume of surgical services in different practices.
A move away from undue specialization in undergraduate medical courses is desirable in the interest of strengthening primary care. Ways of achieving this are discussed with particular reference to proposals made by the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Neurological Education.
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