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Biomedical subjects

M Merlo

Publications and source records attributed to M Merlo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Hyperactivity and frustration: the influence of control over and size of rewards in delaying gratification.

This study examined the differential effects of frustration on normal children and those diagnosed as having Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity. Each group consisted of 16 boys between the ages of 6 and 8 years who were prematched for age, grade, and classroom placement. All children completed a series of arithmetic problems in order to earn toy rewards. Using a variant of Mischel's (1974) delay-of-gratification paradigm, children were presented with two choice-of-delay conditions in a randomly assigned, counterbalanced sequence: a free-choice conflict situation involving a long-passive or short-active reward delay, and a short-active delay. Results showed that a significantly greater proportion of hyperactive children chose to complete problems for an immediate reward compared to their normal control counterparts (p less than .01). Group differences were no longer apparent in the short-active delay trial. The results are discussed in terms of frustration tolerance and contributing factors such as cognitive-attentional style. Implications for treatment and future directions are delineated.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1982

Etodolac in postsurgical pain: a double-blind dose-ranging efficacy study with aspirin and placebo.

A study was conducted to compare the analgesic activity of single oral doses of etodolac (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg) with 650 mg aspirin and placebo. A total of 146 patients with moderate or severe pain from orthopedic or urologic interventions received one of the test medications 13-25 h after the beginning of surgery and according to a randomized allocation balanced as to initial pain intensity. Data for pain intensity and pain relief were collected at 1/2 h and then hourly for 8 h. Vital signs and adverse reactions were also recorded. One hundred and forty-two patients completed the study: four were excluded because of protocol deviations. The average response to 100, 200, and 400 mg of etodolac was superior to that of placebo. On the basis of SPID, TOTPAR, and duration of analgesia, 400 mg etodolac was also significantly more effective than 650 mg aspirin. Mild side effects probably or possibly related to etodolac were reported by three patients. This study provides evidence that etodolac in doses of 100 mg and higher is an effective and well-tolerated analgesic.

Acetates↗
PubMed1978

Exocrine pancreas under experimental conditions. IV. Alterations of intercellular junctions between acinar cells following pancreatic duct ligation.

Exocrine pancreatic tissue was investigated during various intervals after pancreatic duct ligation. Concomitant to the increase of the intraluminal pressure, alterations are found in the arrangement of the luminal membrane surface and the zonulae occludentes of the acinar cells. The zonulae occludentes exhibit a disarrangement of their strands. The number of strands diminishes and small interruptions as well as large discontinuities of the strands are observed in most regions of the acinar cells. Furthermore, gap junctions are found very infrequently between acinar cells. The ultrastructural alterations of the zonulae occludentes suggest a gradual adaptation to the increasing unilateral pressure. However, a leakage of the paracellular permeability barrier occurs which contributes to the known shunt between the compartments of the pancreatic juice and the interstitial space following pancreatic duct obstruction. The present investigation is a further example of alterations in the paracellular permeability and intercellular communication of epithelial cells under pathological conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Surgical complications of pacemaker implantation (author's transl)].

During the period 1966-1977, 705 pacemaker implantations with transvenous endocardial electrode and 369 substitutions of generators were carried out, besides 275 operations treating some complications after implantation were required. The most frequent complications were: endocardial electrode dislocation (9.4%), lesion caused by decubitus (7.5%) and infection of subcutaneous pocket (5%), decubitus lesion and infection of the skin caused by the electrode (1.7%), electrode and generator breaking (1.3%), right ventricle perforation caused by the electrode (0.37%). Surgical mortality-rate was 0.18%.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Morphological alterations and functional changes of interhepatocellular junctions induced by bile duct ligation.

The effect of bile duct ligation on the intercellular junctions of hepatocytes was investigated. The features and the arrangement of the bile canaliculi and the zonulae occludentes alter concomitant to the increase of the intracanalicular pressure. The lumen of the bile canaliculi enlarges and the microvilli disappear. The array of the zonulae occludentes becomes irregularly shaped, the number of strands diminishes and interruptions of the strands occur. With peroxidase a leakage in the bile-blood barrier is detected. Furthermore a disappearance of gap junctions between the hepatocytes after bile duct ligation is observed. The present investigation shows that the zonulae occludentes are mobile structures which are changed by increased unilateral pressure. Due to their ultrastructural alterations, a leakage of the permeability barrier between physiological compartments is found.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Femoral version and neck shaft angle.

We measured femoral anteversion by the Kingsley-Olmsted method in 24 unpaired, dry femurs. When the head and neck of the same femurs were measured by computed tomography (CT) scan, measurement was 5 degrees less than the Kingsley-Olmsted method, whereas ultrasound of the head and neck was 5 degrees higher. An anterior flat plane was also defined to help measure anteversion in patients with a high neck shaft angle. Physical and ultrasound measurement correlated well with the previous measurement by the Kingsley-Olmsted method and CT scan of anteversion. Although measurement by CT scan and ultrasound are different their results are both reproducible and measure the same parameters; however, ultrasound measurement yields a number approximately 10 degrees higher.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Necrotizing encephalitis in a Yorkshire Terrier: clinical, imaging, and pathologic findings.

A 5-year-old, male Yorkshire Terrier had chronic and progressive neurologic signs compatible with lesions in the right brain stem and right forebrain. In magnetic resonance images of the brain there were multifocal lesions at different stages of evolution, consistent with an inflammatory disease. The lesions were located in the white matter of the cerebrum, in the diencephalon and mesencephalon. These lesions were hypointense in T1-weighted images and hyperintense in T2-weighted images with no mass effect and minimal enhancement with gadolinium. Necrotizing encephalitis was confirmed post mortem.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiographic and ultrasonographic features of retained surgical sponge in eight dogs.

The radiographic and ultrasonographic signs in eight dogs with a surgical or pathologic diagnosis of retained surgical sponge were reviewed. The most frequent previous surgery was ovariohysterectomy, either as an elective procedure or to treat pyometra. The median elapsed time between surgery and diagnosis of retained surgical sponge was 9.5 months (range 4 days to 38 months). Five dogs had a draining sinus; four had a palpable abdominal mass. Radiologic signs included localized, speckled or whirl-like gas lucency, abdominal mass, and non-focal soft tissue swelling. Survey radiography and sinography were considered diagnostic for retained surgical sponge in 4/7 (57%) and 3/5 (60%) dogs, respectively. The combined use of survey radiography and sinography enabled detection of 6/7 (86%) sponges. In each dog that had ultrasonography, a hypoechoic mass was found that had an irregular hyperechoic centre. The possibility of retained surgical sponge should be considered in animals with a history of previous surgery and a sinus or abdominal mass.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DNA topoisomerase I activity in regenerating liver of hypothyroid rats.

DNA topoisomerase I activity is known to be inhibited by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Both poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and DNA topoisomerase I participate to major biological events, such as DNA transcription, repair and synthesis. Previously, a 2-fold increase in PARP activity has been shown in hypothyroid animals. Using the regenerating rat liver model, we have studied the behaviour of DNA topoisomerase I activity in hypothyroid rats. PARP activity, was also studied in another set of experiments. DNA topoisomerase I relaxing activity was determined on supercoiled plasmid DNA, and topoisomers separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. An increase in the relaxing activity of Topo I was observed early after hepatectomy. This enhancement well correlates with the reported inhibition of PARP activity at the scheduled times. The data from hypothyroid animals support an inverse relationship between PARP and Topo I. These results are completely reversed with respect to those obtained during liver regeneration in euthyroids.

Animals↗