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M Meyran

Publications and source records attributed to M Meyran.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[In vitro effect of rosoxacin on hospital bacteria. Results of a multicenter study].

This work reports a multicenter study of antibacterial activity of rosoxacin, a new antibacterial agent of the quinolone group. Enterobacteriaceae are very sensitive to rosoxacin (modal MIC 0,5 micrograms/ml); resistant strains are observed in all species, but more often among Serratia and Citrobacter. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is less sensitive with a maximum number of strains between 2 and 8 micrograms/ml, so it is nearly for Acinetobacter. Haemophilus are very sensitive, having MIC of 0,03 and 0,06 micrograms/ml. The spectrum of rosoxacin includes Gram positive bacteria, since the MIC of Staphylococci are similar to Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococci are less sensitive, the major part of the strains being inhibited by 4 and 8 micrograms/ml.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1983

[Multicenter study of the in vitro antibacterial activity of ceftazidime on gram-negative bacilli].

This work reports a multicenter study of antibacterial activity of ceftazidime, a new third generation cephalosporin, on hospital Gram negative rods. Enterobacteriaceae are very sensitive to ceftazidime with a maximum number of strains inhibited by 1 microgram/ml or less (modal MIC 0, 125 microgram/ml); some resistant strains are observed, particularly among Enterobacter and Citrobacter. Activity of ceftazidime on Pseudomonas aeruginosa is superior to other third generation cephalosporins; modal MIC is 1 microgram/ml and 88% of the strains are inhibited by 4 microgram/ml or less. Acinetobacter are less sensitive to ceftazidime, with a modal MIC of 8 microgram/ml.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

[Pseudomonas aeruginosa: acquired in vitro resistance to beta-lactams].

The development of resistance acquired in vitro to 5 semi-synthetic penicillins: carbenicillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and to 5 cephalosporins: cefotaxime, cefoperazone, moxalactam, cefsulodin and ceftazidime, was compared in 6 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains were selected on the basis of their phenotypic resistance: 3 were susceptible to all the betalactam antibiotics tested, 1 was resistant to carbenicillin and ticarcillin but remained susceptible to the others, 2 were susceptible to cefsulodin and ceftazidime but resistant to the others. The development of resistance was investigated by subsequent passages in liquid medium: up to 15 passages or up to an MIC of 4 096 mg/l for a penicillin or 512 mg/l for the cephalosporins. Irrespectively of the phenotypic resistance, for all cephalosorins the MIC became greater than or equal to 64 mg/l and very often greater than or equal to 512 mg/l after 1 to 3 passages. For the penicillin susceptible strains very high MICs were obtained more rapidly with azlocillin and piperacillin (1-2 passages) than with carbenicillin or ticarcillin (5-9 passages). These results are not in favour of a monotherapy with betalactam antibiotics, especially cephalosporins, in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, but suggest the preferential use of carbenicillin and especially ticarcillin for sensitive isolates.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Evaluation of an automated procedure determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). ].

The ABAC system allows to distribute simultaneously and automatically a standardized inoculum into microtube-cuvettes containing in lyophilized broth medium twofold serial dilutions of the antibiotics. After an 18 hours incubation time, The system prints automatically the MIC. We have compared the MIC of beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefuroxime and cefotaxime) and 6 aminoglycoside (gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmycin, amikacin, kanamycin, lividomycin) obtained by the ABAC system and by the Agar dilution method for 302 gram negative bacilli. We also made a comparison of the MIC of 8 antibiotics (oxacillin, oleandomycin, spiramycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, pristinamycin, doxycycline, vancomycin) obtained by the 2 methods for 117 Staphylococcus aureus strains. The evaluation shows that the reproducibility of the results obtained by the ABAC system is good. The statistical analysis shows that the correlation between the MIC obtained with the 2 methods is excellent and that there is no significant discrepancy.

Agar↗
PubMed1982

[Combined in vitro effect of new betalactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ].

The association of 11 betalactam antibiotics (carbenicillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin, cefotaxim, cefoperazone, ceftriaxon, moxalactam, cefsulodin, ceftazidim) with each of the 3 aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin) were studied by the broth dilution method ("checkboard" technic) against 6 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chosen as a function of their "phenotype". The coefficient of synergy (FIC and FBC) were calculated for the 198 combinations (33 combinations per strain). Bacteriostatic synergy was observed in 18 per cent of the cases and bactericidal synergy in 48 per cent. Synergic association were found to be a function of phenotype. Synergy was rarely observed against bacterial strains resistant to aminoglycosides. Synergy was most frequently observed with two antibiotics in intermediate potency, or an active aminoglycosides combined with an active betalactam antibiotic. The combination containing amikacin produced the most synergy.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1981

Clinical trial of concentrated inactivated polio vaccine in a simplified immunization program.

The aims of the trial were: 1) to verify the effectiveness of injectable polio vaccine (inactivated) combined with concentrated diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, in one or two injections given at an interval of 6 months; 2) to compare the killed polio vaccine with the oral vaccine which is recommended in the Ivory Coast program: 4 doses in 15 months. The effectiveness of the immunizations is judged by the serum antibody levels 8 to 12 weeks following immunization. The comparative study of 2 inactivated polio vaccines A and C with live oral vaccine showed the superiority of inactivated vaccine, which resulted in good seroconversion after a single dose. The increase in the serologic response is proportional to the antigenic mass since it appears that the concentration of vaccine C is double that of A.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Theoretical and practical considerations in the application of killed poliovirus vaccine for the control of paralytic poliomyelitis.

This paper contains a summary of the principles upon which the preparation and use of killed poliovirus vaccine (KPV) are based, as well as a summary of earlier and more recent work suggesting the feasibility of formulating a KPV preparation that would be fully and durably effective in a one- or two-dose regimen. The essential factor in the preparation of such a vaccine is the inclusion of a sufficient mass of the immunizing antigen, for each of the three antigenic types of poliovirus, to induce the formation of humoral antibody and/or immunologic memory after the first dose. The results of a series of studies carried out in West African and Scandinavian countries are summarized, which suggest that such a vaccine should contain 40, 8, and 32 D-antigen units for types I, II and III, respectively. If the D-antigen unit measurement is to be used as a guide to KPV standardization, the details of the method of manufacture are important; in this regard, the method of vaccine preparation used at the Rijks Instituut voor de Volksgezondheid should serve as a reference standard for the preparation of vaccines expected to produce the effects described.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Breast plasmacytoma. Apropos of a case. Review of the literature].

The authors report a new case of a bilateral localisation of a mammary plasmacytoma, as an extension of the multiple myeloma, in a 41-year-old woman. There are 19 cases known. In 2/3 of the cases, the breast localisation was an extension of the multiple myeloma, as the new case reported; the others cases were considered as a solitary plasmacytoma. The authors describe its diagnostic imaging appearance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current aspects of human salmonellosis in Upper Volta. Study carried out at Centre Muraz (Bobo-Dioulasso) from 1966 to 1977: isolation of 1,013 Salmonella strains].

In a long term research programme of Centre Muraz a study on salmonellosis in Upper Volta has been carried out, at Bobo-Dioulasso, from 1966 to 1977. Investigations have been executed at Centre Muraz, at Bobo-Dioulasso hospital and at Ouagadougou hospital. All the strains of Salmonella were collected at Centre Muraz by biology laboratory, which is a reference service for Upper Volta. This country is include; among the 32 countries which collaborate with W.H.O. and are involved in the world epidemiological surveillance of salmonellosis. For twelve years, 1.013 Samonella strains have been isolated : 1.002 from man and only 11 from animals. The study, which is presented, deals with human salmonellosis. These diseases have been considered from several points of view : bacteriology, clinic, treatment and epidemiology. The various origins of these strains have been specified. The different technics used for diagnosis are discussed briefly : hemoculture (for typhoïd fever and few other types of salmonellosis), coproculture (for "minor" salmonellosis) are the most common and useful methods. Among the 1.013 which have been found, S. typhi is highly predominant (67 p. 100). In the other hand, S. dublin and S. typhi murium play an important role in the various serotypes which occured. A total of 76 serotypes, already known elsewhere, but found for the first time in Upper Volta, have been observed. Three new serotypes have been described : S. bobo, S. kua and S. farakan. As far as clinical problem is concerned, two main aspects are frequent : either typhoid fever syndrome (caused by S. typhi and, scarcely, by other germs, like S. dublin) or gastrointestinal infections, which present different forms and are more or less severe. Up to now, one single strain of S. typhi murium, suspected to be resistant to chloramphenicol has been isolated in 1977. Such a problem would need more complete research in a reference centre. Otherwise, no epidemic multiresistance has been observed. Checking strictly all the strains by systematic antibiograms is now absolutly essential in the plan of a steady epidemiological surveillance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological situation of human carbuncle in Upper Volta (author's transl)].

After the statistical statement concerning human carbuncle in Upper Volta in 1976, 1977 and 1978, the authors report their clinical and epidemiological ascertainments observed during the opportunity of four surveys. Among the cutaneous forms, cephalic localization is the most frequently observed. Visceral forms are essentially digestive, sometimes respiratory, never neurological. In its voltaic foci (grounds made of clayey alluvium, regulatory flooded), carbuncle stretches to endemic-sporadic forms with epidemiological peaks. It does not exist any parallelism between the importance of breeding and human disease, which is much more frequent during the rainy season than during the dry one. Prophylactic measures are proposed: ruminant and hog vaccination in endemic areas, preceded by an information and education campaign for the health.

Anthrax↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[9 new Salmonella serotypes isolated in Africa and the Antilles].

Description of nine new serotypes of Salmonella, three isolated in Senegal: S. tambacounda (I,3,I9:b:e,n,x) from Chiroptera, S. bargny (8,20:i:I,5) and S. fass (50:l,v:I,2) from horse; two recovered in Haute-Volta from patients with diarrhoea: S. tounouma (8,20:b:z6) and S. sya (47:b:z6); one isolated from a carrier in Antilles: S. gustavia (II:d:I,5); one from a snake in Tunisia: S. gafsa (I6:c:I,6); two from Madagascar: S. II I8:z4,z23:- isolated from a wild mammalian and S. III arizonae 6I:z52:z from a patient with diarrhoea.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of systematic anti-meningococcal vaccination strategy in French military recruits].

The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of meningococcal meningitidis vaccination among French military recruits, two years after the introduction of systematic vaccination. Protective efficacy (PE) was calculated using two epidemiological methods. The first was based on the incidence and density rates among vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects during the period when both groups were simultaneously available: PE = 100% (95% CI: 0-100%). The second was to compare the incidence density rates among vaccinated subjects with expected rates. The expected rates were calculated using a model involving adjustment of incidence rates observed before the introduction of vaccination. This second, more powerful method confirmed the efficacy of systematic vaccination for meningococcal meningitidis: PE = 100% (95% CI 30%-100%).

Bacterial Vaccines↗