Biomedical subjects

M Mikage

Publications and source records attributed to M Mikage.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Studies on toad venom (2): Examination of the drying processing method.

To examine the influence on the quality of toad venom processed by different drying methods, each 10 g sample of fresh toad venom collected in Shang-Dong Province, China, were dried, (1) in the sun for 133 h, (2) in the shade for 224 h, (3) heated at 60 degrees C for 33 h, (4) heated at 105 degrees C for 4 h, (5) freeze-dried for 6 h. Twelve bufadienolides, including bufalin and bufotalin, in each sample were then quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. The total contents of bufadienolides in 1000 mg of the dried samples were as follows: 235.39 mg for dehydrolyzed fresh toad venom, 94.39 mg for (1), 148.46 mg for (2), 59.22 mg for (3), 133.40 mg for (4), and 184.77 mg for (5), respectively. The color of dried venom became darker in the order of (5), (2), (1), (3) and (4). Though the color of (4) should be the worst as a standard quality evaluation in Shang-Dong Province, as far as bufadienolides was concerned, (4) was superior to (1) in the contents and was almost same to (2). These results suggest that it is possible to dry toad venom by heating at high temperature for several hours. This will remarkably shorten the term for making high quality toad venom, in comparison to the traditional processing method in China that needed more than two years for drying venom.

Amphibian Venoms↗

PubMed1999

DNA profiling of Acorus calamus chemotypes differing in essential oil composition.

The phylogenetic relationship of Acorus gramineus and three types of Acorus calamus was analyzed by comparing the 700 bp sequence of a 5S-rRNA gene spacer region. Although there was no intra-specific variation in the essential oil profile of A. gramineus which contained a phenylpropanoid (Z-asarone) as a predominant constituent, A. calamus was classified into two chemotypes: chemotype A in which Z-asarone is a major essential oil constituent and chemotype B which contained sesquiterpenoids predominantly. An intermediate type (M) of these two chemotypes in various ratios was also observable. The NJ tree constructed based on the sequences revealed that A. gramineus was clearly distinguished from any of the chemotypes of A. calamus and that the phylogenetic relationship predicted by the spacer region data correlated well with the essential oil chemotype pattern of A. calamus.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1999

Herbological studies of Coptidis rhizoma (Part 2): on the old Japanese name of Coptis japonica makino.

The rhizome of Coptis plant of the family ranunculaceae has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a crude drug (Huanglian in present Chinese). In Japan, the rhizome of Coptis japonica Makino (the botanical name of which is "Ohren" in modern Japanese) has been utilized as a crude drug since the Nara era. The Japanese name in those days was "Kakumakusa based on descriptions in old books written in the Heian era. It changed to "Kakumikusa" early in the Edo era, and then changed again to Kakumakusa later in the Edo era. Through this herbological study, it was conjectured as follows: The resemblance between Chinese characters (or MA) and (or MI) in cursive style caused mis-copying of the character. After the "Honzo-wamyo, written in the Heian era, was revised in the late Edo era, and on which the name was accurately written as Kakumakusa, the mistake was corrected.

China↗

PubMed1998

Cytotoxic principles of a Bangladeshi crude drug, akond mul (roots of Calotropis gigantea L.).

Three cardenolide glycosides, calotropin (1), frugoside (2), and 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylfrugoside (3), were obtained as the cytotoxic principles of "akond mul" (roots of Calotropis gigantea L.). The cytotoxicity of these compounds against various cell lines of human and mouse origin was tested. They showed similar cell line selectivity to those of cardiac glycosides such as digoxin and ouabain: they are toxic to cell lines of human origin, but not to those from mouse at 2 micrograms/ml.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

[Identification of Tougucao derived from Clematis species].

Comparative studies were carried out on the morphology and histology of 5 Clematis species, namely, C. intricata, C. aethusifolia, C. glauca, C. tangutica and C. hexapetala, allegedly used as "Tougucao". New characteristics, a sclerenchymatous ring composed of primary phloem fibers and lignified parenchyma cells, and a parenchymatous tertiary ring were discovered. A parameter representing the ratio of the diameter of cambium ring to the diameter of the stem (RCR) is created. A key for identification of the stems of the above five species is made according to the presence or absence of the sclerenchymatous ring, the diameter and numbers of hair cells, the thickness of fiber wall and the value of RCR, etc.

Magnoliopsida↗

PubMed1996

[Pharmacognostical studies on adiantum plants. V. Classification based on spore morphology and distributional patterns of silicon and calcium in the ultimate pinnules].

Crude drugs derived from Adiantum species are used as febrifuge, antidote, diuretic, tonic, etc. Some commercial samples of these drugs are composed of finely cut ultimate pinnules only, which have false indusia and spores. In this paper, in order to establish a classification method based on the characteristics of the ultimate pinnules and their attachments, the morphological study using stereoscope and scanning electron microscope, and X-ray microanalysis using an electron probe microanalyzer were carried out on the false indusia and spores, and the ultimate pinnules, respectively, of 19 Adiantum species. The results showed that examined all species could be distinguished from each other by the following characteristics: in the false indusium, the shape and the presence or absence of hairs; in the spore, the shape, the ornamentation, the ratio of the laesura, and the equatorial diameter; in the X-ray images of the ultimate pinnule, the distributional patterns of silicon and calcium. The distributional patterns of silicon were due to the presence of spicular cells, hairs and papillae, and calcium was present as crystals of calcium oxalate. The average content of silicon in the ultimate pinnules of Adiantum species was 1.99%.

Calcium↗

PubMed1990

[Pharmacognostical studies on the folk medicine in Sichuan Prov. in China. II. On tu-er-feng derived from Gerbera plants].

Tu-er-feng is one of famous Chinese folk medicines in Sichuan prov. for common cold with cough, rheumatism, etc. Its sources are said to be either whole plants of some Gerbera or Ainsliaea species of family Compositae. In the recent markets, two types of Tu-er-feng are surely available. In this paper, Tu-er-feng derived from Gerbera species are studied to clarify the botanical origin; comparing mainly with the internal morphologies of the leaves and roots of G. piloselloides, G. delavayi, G. nivea, G. anandria (= Leibnitzia anandria) and G. jamesonii. As the result, G. piloselloides is determined as the botanical origin of Tu-er-feng obtained from the recent 16 markets.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗

PubMed1990

[Pharmacognostical studies on the folk medicine in Sichuan Prov. in China. III. On tu-er-feng derived from Ainsliaea plants].

In the previous paper, Tu-er-feng, one of Chinese folk medicines used locally in Sichuan prov., derived from the whole plants of Gerbera piloselloides of family Compositae, was pharmacognostically reported. In the recent markets, besides this known material, Tu-er-feng made of different components are found. In this paper, the Ainsliaea derivatives are studied to clarify the botanical origins; comparing anatomically with leaves and petioles of thirteen Ainsliaea species growing wildly in Sichuan prov. The result shows that A. glabra and A. rubrinervis are the ingredients.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗

PubMed1988