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Biomedical subjects

M Mikulecky

Publications and source records attributed to M Mikulecky.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and clinical diabetic nephropathy.

The urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP) was studied in 101 insulin-dependent diabetic patients allocated to three groups according to 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) (median of three urine collections): group 1 (n = 45), normal UAE less than 30 mg/24 h; group 2 (n = 27), microalbuminuria (UAE 30-300 mg/24 h); and group 3 (n = 29), clinical diabetic nephropathy (UAE greater than 300 mg/24 h). We used 23 healthy subjects as controls. Fractional clearance of RBP (FC-RBP) and its 24-h urinary excretion rate (URBP) were higher in each diabetic group than in healthy subjects, the highest values being found in group 3. Groups 1 and 2 did not differ in URBP and FC-RBP. There was a correlation between FC-RBP and haemoglobin A1c in both the total diabetic cohort (P less than 0.001) and in diabetic patients in groups 1 and 2 with a glomerular filtration rate of more than 90 ml/min (P less than 0.05). No correlation was found between FC-RBP and UAE and/or duration of diabetes in any of the diabetic groups. We conclude that the increased urinary excretion of RBP, indicating proximal tubular dysfunction, is already present in normoalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetic patients and correlates with metabolic control. Further deterioration in proximal tubular function was not observed in microalbuminuric patients, but is a late event in clinical diabetic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Human postmortem thyroid 131I content and risk estimates in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia following the Chernobyl accident.

From 3 May to 4 August 1986, thyroids of 416 postmortem subjects in Bratislava (population: approximately 400,000) were measured for 131I. Subsequently, dose rates in this organ for the day of exitus were calculated. Mean dose commitments were estimated by integrating linear or quadratic-periodic regression lines drawn through scatterplots of logarithmically transformed daily dose rates. The mean dose-commitment estimates in thyroids of adults were 0.74 and 0.58 mGy for linear and quadratic-periodic regression, respectively. The same for thyroids obtained from donors of fetal to 18 y of age were 1.67 and 1.77 mGy for liner and quadratic-periodic regression, respectively. A comparison of the actual thyroid radiation burden with its theoretical values calculated in the first days of contamination of the environment showed that the models used were safe enough to protect the population. Estimates of absolute risk for thyroid cancer showed that excess incidence that could be expected as a result of the Chernobyl accident shall remain obscured by the "spontaneous" incidence of this disease at geographic localization.

Accidents↗
PubMed1989

Effect of initial treatment of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in adults on spontaneous peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation.

The spontaneous proliferative response (SPR) of peripheral blood lymphocytes, as a measure of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), has been found to be depressed in adults with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (CIPD). The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that initial treatment of CIPD in adults restores the SPR to normal levels. 10 periodontal disease subjects (mean probing attachment loss of 4.2 mm and a mean bleeding index of 0.65) and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were studied. The SPR for each patient was evaluated on days 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 in culture, before and after initial treatment for CIPD. The peak SPR, which occurred at day 5, was depressed in the untreated periodontal disease subjects compared to the healthy control subjects (p less than 0.01). In addition, the kinetics of the SPR were found to be significantly different in 4 of the 10 parameters compared with the untreated periodontal disease patients and the healthy control subjects. After treatment, there was a significant reduction in probing attachment loss and bleeding indexes (p less than 0.001). In addition, the magnitude of the peak SPR was not significantly different from that of the healthy control subjects. Nevertheless, a difference in 1 of the 10 kinetic parameters persisted, which suggested that complete restoration of the SPR to normal had not occurred so soon after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Some immunological findings in adult periodontitis.

There is little doubt that immunological mechanisms play an important role in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. At the same time, it is recognized that patient susceptibility is ultimately responsible for the clinical manifestation of the disease. In this context, the present study was undertaken to examine a range of systemic immunological parameters in patients with adult periodontitis (AP), so as to test the hypothesis that a specific pattern would identify diseased--possibly 'at risk'--patients. These parameters included serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IgD, C3, transferrin, the presence of circulating immune complexes, and the number of circulating T (E-rosette forming) cells. One hundred and forty AP patients and 70 healthy controls were examined. Following a complex statistical analysis only the levels of IgG, IgM and IgD were significantly increased in adult periodontitis (p less than 0.05) while an increase in circulatory immune complexes was significant only for separate statistical tests. Although statistically different, the levels seen in AP patients were still within the normal range hence the clinical significance of the findings is such that it is unlikely that these systemic immunological parameters per se do define an 'at risk' population.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Catecholamine clearance is not enhanced by increasing levels within the physiological range.

If rising plasma catecholamine levels enhance their own clearance, such a mechanism could be protective, and its absence predispose to hypertension. In normal subjects and in mild essential hypertensives serial increases in plasma noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR) generated by intravenous infusion were used to test the effect of rising plasma levels on clearance. Plasma NA and ADR were measured radio-enzymatically, venous clearance of NA by isotopic infusion and clearance of ADR by increment in arterial plasma levels. Serial increases in NA and ADR through the physiological range did not lead to increased plasma clearance: in fact, NA and NA clearance were significantly negatively correlated. For ADR, a circulating hormone, any effect on clearance may be biologically important. Chronic increases in circulating ADR due to mental stress have been suggested as an etiological factor in essential hypertension, working through enhanced noradrenergic transmission. The significance of these findings for NA, a local neurotransmitter rather than a circulating hormone, depends on the extent to which changes in plasma clearance reflect changes in tissue clearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A biometrical view on normal values of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood.

Statistical methods have been used to determine an optimal approach to the definition of the reference range for CD4 ("helper") and CD8 ("suppressor/cytotoxic") T cell numbers and the CD4/CD8 ratio in the peripheral blood. A graphical presentation of the absolute values for CD4 and CD8 for 85 healthy blood donors showed that a reference ellipse defined by fitting a gaussian distribution to logarithmically transformed data for absolute counts of CD4 and CD8 cells was superior to the fitting of an ellipse to untransformed data. Further analysis for another 147 subjects showed that the 95% tolerance prediction for the CD4/CD8 ratio in health could be stated with 95% confidence as 0.6 to 5.0. This approach allows clear definition of reference ranges for T cell tests in health and would also be applicable to results for patients with a disease such as HIV 1 infection in which a reference range for "well" patients exists and a change in the T cell ratio is of prognostic significance.

Biometry↗
PubMed1988

Biometry has to improve the quality of decision making both in biomedical research and in clinical practice.

The leading principles of biometrical design, evaluation and decision making in biomedicine can be summarized as follows: (1) formulation of the problem to be solved and of the specific question(s) to be answered; (2) definition of the population in study, ways of sampling and manoeuvres (treatments); (3) determining the kind and number of variables (time intervals of measurement, investigated biomedical parameters); (4) performing the pilot study if necessary (to arrange randomized blocks, to form hypotheses); (5) formulation of zero (alternative) hypothesis, setting the values of alpha(beta) risk; (6) ordering the sample sizes; (7) testing the type of statistical distribution and the homoscedasticity of the obtained data; (8) calculation of the point and interval (confidence, tolerance) estimates; (9) performing the chosen tests, e.g. on the significance of differences or correlations; and (10) the conclusions for science and practice, with eventual return to point (1) on a higher level of knowledge.

Biometry↗
PubMed1987

Altered circadian plasma cortisol and aldosterone group rhythms in Cushing's syndrome versus obesity and health.

According to textbooks, Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with a loss of the circadian rhythmicity in circulating cortisol. Documented cases of a persisting rhythm in CS are regarded as an exception. Herein, we show that a circadian rhythmicity in plasma cortisol, albeit of much reduced amplitude and with altered timing, remains a group characteristic of patients with CS, characterized further by a circadian rhythm in circulating aldosterone. In Lubochna, Czechoslovakia, 28 patients with CS, 120 patients with obesity imitating CS, 70 subjects with simple obesity, and 19 nonobese controls were sampled at 0800, 1600, 2000, 0000, and again at 0800 on the following day. In Rome, five women and three men with CS and 27 women and 30 men in clinical health gave blood for aldosterone determinations at 0600, 0800, 1200, 1800, 2000, and 0000. Results were first analyzed by single cosinor and then summarized by population-mean cosinor. A group rhythm was demonstrated for all categories of subjects by the methods employed, although, compared to health and even to simple obesity or Cushing-imitating obesity, the amplitude of the rhythm in CS was much reduced. Subgrouping according to etiology and individualized assessment in practice are mandatory. The scope of this group rhythm assessment, however, is merely to document that as a general rule the circadian rhythms in circulating cortisol and aldosterone persist in CS documented by surgery or at autopsy.

Aldosterone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian pattern of serum androgens in women with Cushing's syndrome.

Circadian profiles of the serum levels of cortisol and five androgens were studied in 20 females including 8 controls, 7 patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome and 5 with hypercortisolism due to adrenal adenoma. A significant 24-h periodicity was found for each steroid in all groups. Besides hypercortisolaemia, a significant increase of 11-hydroxyandrostenedione was shown in both forms of Cushing's syndrome. The most conspicuous finding was a decreased dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate in adrenal adenoma. The peaks for the studied steroids were shifted from the morning hours towards the noon in ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome and towards the evening (for cortisol) and night hours (for androgens) in adrenal adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Somatostatin and large bowel polyps.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Somatostatin, a polypeptide hormone, inhibits cellular proliferation of the mucosa. As this cellular proliferation has been observed in large bowel polyps and cancer, the exact pattern of secretion may be of importance to the understanding of such diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The circadian (24 hours rhythmicity) of plasma somatostatin was studied and established in patients suffering from large bowel polyps. Blood was drawn from the study subjects at regular intervals and the plasma somatostatin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: In both groups, a circadian rhythm of somatostatin was confirmed. In patients with P higher mesor (p < 0.05), higher 24 hour amplitude (p < 0.05) and longer acrophase (p < 0.05) were found. CONCLUSION: These findings may indicate the defense antiproliferative role of somatostatin in malignant and premalignant states. Somatostatin may prove beneficial as one of the treatment possibilities for large bowel polyps.

Adenomatous Polyps↗