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Biomedical subjects

M Milano

Publications and source records attributed to M Milano.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Evaluation of liver cell proliferation during ciprofibrate-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.

To determine if the carcinogenic potential of peroxisome proliferators is dependent upon their ability to induce cell proliferation, we have investigated the extent of cell proliferation in the livers of rats fed ciprofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator. Male rats were maintained on a diet containing ciprofibrate (0.025% w/w) and killed at selected intervals following 1 week of continuous [3H]thymidine labeling. Evaluation of labeling indices demonstrated a significant increase in cell proliferation during the first week but not in rats killed at the end of 5 and 20 weeks of treatment. Increases in hepatocyte nuclear labeling were found at 40 and 70 weeks of ciprofibrate administration which coincided with the appearance in livers of putative preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. In a short-term feeding study, ciprofibrate and ethoxyquin were fed to rats at a dietary concentration of 0.025% and 0.5%, respectively, either alone or in combination for 7 days. Ciprofibrate and ethoxyquin either alone or in combination produced marked hepatomegaly and a significant increase in DNA synthesis as demonstrated by [3H]thymidine incorporation and autoradiographic studies. DNA synthesis in the group receiving ciprofibrate and ethoxyquin simultaneously, was slightly more than in animals that received either compound alone, suggesting a synergistic effect, although chronic feeding of these agents together resulted in inhibition of liver carcinogenesis (Rao, M. S. et al. (1984) Cancer Res., 44, 1072-1076). The results of this study further suggest that cell proliferation induced by peroxisome proliferators may be less important in carcinogenesis than peroxisome proliferation induced by these compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Absence of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in lung metastasis in rats with hepatocellular carcinomas induced by ciprofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator.

The incidence of lung metastasis in rats with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) induced by ciprofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator and the expression of gammaglutamyl transeptidase (GGT) in the metastatic lesions was studied. HCC were induced in 75 male F-334 rats by chronic dietary administration of ciprofibrate (0.025% w/w) for 16-22 months. The incidence of lung metastasis was 25% in rats killed between 14 and 16 months which increased to 56% in rats killed between 20 and 22 months. The lung metastases were multifocal and present in both the blood vessels and parenchyma. All the metastatic foci examined for the expression of GGT by histochemical stain were devoid of this enzyme. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the malignant behavior of ciprofibrate-induced liver tumors and the absence of GGT expression in metastatic lesions a phenotypic property that is peculiar to the primary HCC induced by several peroxisome proliferators.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Diagnostic approach to hepatic hemangiomas detected by ultrasound.

Eighty cases of hepatic hemangioma were studied using ultrasound. In one group consisting of 28 subjects a final diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma was supported by arteriography (21 cases) or surgery (7 cases). In the remaining 52 cases, the diagnosis was uncertain and the normal clinical and biochemical findings with the ultrasound follow-up studies at intervals of 3, 6 and 12 months, made a diagnosis of hemangioma highly probable. Twenty-nine cases (9 cases of the first group and 20 of the second) were also evaluated by Tc-99m colloid and in vivo Tc-99m-labelled red blood cell scintigraphy. On the basis of ultrasound appearance and internal structure, hemangiomas may be divided into three groups: hyperechoic pattern (of which there were 16 cases in our study), cystic or anechoic pattern (5 cases), and complex pattern (7 cases). Fifty-two cases of uncertain diagnosis showed hyperechoic focal lesions with rounded, well-defined margins and no clinical or biological abnormalities. Differentiation from malignant forms must be approached according to the specific ultrasound pattern observed and the presence or absence of symptoms. Only in cases of hyperechoic, well-defined lesions detected in asymptomatic patients may a reliable diagnosis of hemangioma be made. The use of in vivo Tc-99m-labeled red blood cell scintigraphy (Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy) is useful in hyperechoic and cystic forms having a diameter greater than 3 cm. Complex forms invariably require additional studies, using complementary procedures (angiography, angio-CT) to confirm diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral electrical and thermal burns in children: review and report of case.

Oral burns in children, whether electrical or thermal, can result in severe local and systemic complications. Use of an oral burn splint following perioral electrical burns in children is a widely accepted treatment. It is felt that these appliances reduce oral scarring and, in some cases, may eliminate the need for future surgical procedures. These appliances, however, can also be beneficial in case of thermal burns in children.

Burns↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral fusion of the mandibular primary incisors: report of case.

Fusion is a common dental finding. However, bilateral mandibular fusion of the primary incisors is a rare event, occurring with a prevalence of less than 0.02 percent. When all four permanent successors are present, this event becomes rarer still. Once fusion has been diagnosed, careful monitoring is required, since problems with exfoliation can occur, along with caries formation in the groove of the incompletely fused teeth.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reducing children's injection pain: lidocaine patches versus topical benzocaine gel.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of lidocaine patches and topical anesthetic gel in reducing injection pain in children. METHODS: Thirty-two children received bilateral greater palatine injections of 0.2 cc of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine at the same visit. Injections followed a 15 minute application of DentiPatch (20% lidocaine) or a 1 minute application of topical anesthetic gel (Topex, 20% benzocaine). Each child completed a Faces Pain Scale and Visual Analog Scale after each injection and was asked which injection hurt more. Injections were videotaped and two independent evaluators, using the Sounds, Eyes, and Motor Scale, rated observed pain-related behavior. Inter-rater reliability was established at 96%. RESULTS: A significant difference was shown in observed pain-sounds favoring use of the DentiPatch (P < .003, Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test). Using Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test and paired t-tests, no significant differences were shown in either reported pain or observed pain-motor. CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant decrease in observed verbal indicators of injection pain was found when the DentiPatch was used 20%: compared to a 1 minute application of topical anesthetic gel. However, no significant difference was found between the two study groups in either reported pain or observed pain-motor responses.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the effects of orthodontic pacifiers on the primary dentitions of 24- to 59-month-old children: preliminary study.

This study was designed to compare the occlusions of 24- to 59-month-old children who used orthodontic or conventional pacifiers to the occlusions of a group of controls who had no sucking habits. Information on the habits was collected by parental questionnaires. Ninety-five children were examined for malocclusions involving overbite, overjet, canine, and molar relationships, and posterior crossbites. Users of orthodontic pacifiers had statistically significantly greater overjets, and there was a significantly higher proportion of subjects with open bite in the conventional pacifier group. There was a trend toward a greater number of subjects in the control and orthodontic pacifier group with overbites less than or equal to 50%. These differences were not clinically significant, however. There appeared to be only minor differences between the occlusions of the two pacifier groups.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of current and former pacifier use on the dentition of 24- to 59-month-old children.

Two hundred eighteen children ages 24-59 months participated in a study to examine the effect of pacifier use on the occlusion of the primary dentition. A questionnaire was used to gain information on habit history. Eighty-two children were current or former users of functional exercisers, 38 had a history of conventional pacifier use, and 98 had no history of oral habits. Compared to children with no habit, those with a history of pacifier use had a significantly larger mean overjet (P < 0.001), as well as significantly higher occurrences of Class II primary canines (P = 0.015), distal step molars (P = 0.014), openbite (P = 0.001), and posterior crossbite (P = 0.025). Compared to users of conventional pacifiers, users of functional exercisers had a significantly higher occurrence of Class II primary canines (P = 0.013) and distal step molars (P = 0.037). Pacifier use time in months was significantly higher for children with openbite (P = 0.02) and posterior crossbite (P = 0.019). Compared to former pacifier users, those with current habits had a significantly higher prevalence of openbite (P = 0.002) and posterior crossbite (P = 0.001), and a greater mean openbite (P = 0.19). The reported number of hours use per day was not related to any aspect of the occlusion of pacifier users. African-American and European-American children began their habits at about the same age and used their pacifiers for an equivalent number of hours per day. Among those who had discontinued their habits, African-American children had maintained theirs for a significantly shorter period (P < 0.001), leading to a longer elapsed time between habit discontinuation and the examination.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laboratory diagnosis of intestinal micro-parasitosis in AIDS patients: state of the art].

BACKGROUND: The diarrhea, often associated with growing thin and weight loss, is important for nutritional state and quality of life in AIDS patients. It was demonstrated that patients with AIDS who present diarrhea have a greater degree of immunosuppression than those without diarrhea, predisposing the gastrointestinal tract to the action of protozoa, bacterial, viral, fungal pathogens which may cause morbidity and death. HIV-patients are particularly susceptible to protozoa infections. Cryptosporidium infection is among the most common causes of enteric disease but Microsporidium (Enterocytozon bieneusi) and Cyclospora are emerging as potentially important enteric pathogens in AIDS patients. In spite of frequent interest of gastrointestinal tract the knowledge of diarrhea syndromes AIDS-related are often greatly limited by diagnostic difficulties. OBJECTIVE: A review is made of the different laboratory methods employed in intestinal microparasitosis in the light of considerable dangerousness and aggressiveness of some protozoa on HIV-patients. METHODS: The methods for the diagnosis of intestinal microparasitosis are based particularly on direct diagnosis (macroscopic or microscopic examination at fresh or after concentration) or an immunological diagnosis. RESULTS: The laboratory methods available at present permit to evidence different protozoa not evidenced in the past and without invasive techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The etiological diagnosis of diarrhea in AIDS-patients is often difficult and/or disappointing. Epidemiological knowledge on protozoa pathology has been limited by diagnostic difficulties but their identification is important particularly because an increasing therapeutic regimens are now available to treat these infections.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗