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M Mital

Publications and source records attributed to M Mital.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The FDA's enforcement of age restrictions on the sale of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco.

The nation's largest tobacco age-restriction enforcement program is described. Between 1997 and 2000, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration--working with state agencies--conducted nearly 200,000 compliance checks in 123,000 establishments in 44 states, 1 territory, and Washington, D.C. The overall violation rate was 26 percent (more than 40,000 violations), ranging from 9 percent in Maine to 54 percent in the Virgin Islands. Due to the recent Supreme Court ruling, the FDA has stopped conducting these checks and is shutting down its tobacco program. The protocol described in this article will prove useful to others conducting compliance checks and seeking to keep tobacco out of the hands of children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Polysialic acids: potential in improving the stability and pharmacokinetics of proteins and other therapeutics.

Naturally occurring polymers of N-acetylneuraminic acid (polysialic acids) are biodegradable, highly hydrophilic and have no known receptors in the body. Following intravenous injection, polysialic acids exhibit long half-lives in the blood circulation and have therefore been proposed as carriers of short-lived drugs and small peptides. In addition, shorter-chain polysialic acids can be used as a means to increase the circulatory half-life of proteins and thus serve as an alternative to the nonbiodegradable monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol). Recent work has shown that covalent coupling of a low molecular weight polysialic acid (colominic acid) to catalase and asparaginase leads to a considerable increase of enzyme stability in the presence of proteolytic enzymes or blood plasma. Comparative studies in vivo with polysialylated and intact asparaginase revealed that polysialylation significantly increases the half-life of the enzyme. The highly hydrophilic and innocuous nature of polysialic acids renders them suitable as a means to prolong the circulation of peptides and proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Children's feet: common worries of parents--1.

Foot health education, e.g. on correctly fitting socks and shoes, should be part of routine child development checks and health interviews from a very young age onwards. Prevention is better than cure! In-toeing is by far the commonest complaint associated with gait. Many of the complaints raised by parents are simply part of normal development.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gallbladder dynamics in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and essential dyspepsia.

To assess whether gallbladder motility is altered in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or essential dyspepsia (ED), we studied gallbladder function in 25 healthy volunteers, 20 patients with IBS, and 22 with ED. By real time ultrasonography, we studied the following parameters: (a) fasting gallbladder volume, (b) maximum percent of gallbladder emptied, (c) time required for maximal contraction, (d) residual volume after maximal contraction, and (e) percent fasting volume at 2 h. All parameters, except fasting gallbladder volume, were measured after a high-fat meal. The fasting gallbladder volume, maximum percent of gallbladder emptied, time required for maximal contraction, residual volume after maximal contraction, and percent fasting volume at 2 h in controls and patients with IBS was 19.3 +/- 8.8 ml and 24.4 +/- 9.7 ml, 67.1 +/- 10.7% and 67.6 +/- 13.5%, 41 +/- 20.6 min and 49.7 +/- 25.3 min, 6.2 +/- 3.3 ml and 7.6 +/- 5.3 ml, and 38.1 +/- 12.2% and 40.7 +/- 14.5%, respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically not significant. The corresponding values in patients with ED were 15.5 +/- 6.3 ml, 57.6 +/- 16.5%, 51.8 +/- 29.3 min, 6.1 +/- 3.2 ml, 44.1 +/- 17%, respectively. Compared with controls there was no statistically significant difference in these parameters, except the maximum percent of gallbladder emptied, which was significantly less than that in controls (57.6 +/- 16.5% vs. 67.1 +/- 10.7%; p less than 0.05). Therefore, we could not find that patients with IBS have any abnormality of gallbladder function; postprandially, patients with ED have submaximal contraction of the gallbladder.

Adolescent↗