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Biomedical subjects

M Miyaoka

Publications and source records attributed to M Miyaoka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Influence of butyric and lactic acids on the beta-glucuronidase activity of Clostridium perfringens.

The beta-glucuronidase activity of intact cells of Clostridium perfringens was not influenced by the presence of either 0.09 or 0.19% lactic or butyric acids. In contrast, the enhanced enzyme activity of intact cells due to sodium deoxycholate was significantly decreased by the presence of these acids. These results suggest the possibility that the development of cancer due to the intake of a high fat diet may be inhibited by the presence of organic acids produced by intestinal bacteria.

Butyric Acid↗
PubMed2000

[Measurement of fecal proteins in inflammatory bowel disease--usefulness as an activity index].

Fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M), lysozyme (Lz), and lactoferrin (Lf) levels were measured in 73 samples from 32 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 52 samples from 21 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and 41 samples from 21 healthy volunteers. According to three degree of bowel activity, the UC patients were divided into 4 groups and the CD patients were divided into 2 groups. Fecal alpha 1-AT levels were measured by latex agglutination and the other protein parameters by ELISA. All protein levels, except alpha 1-AT, rose as the degree of activity increased. The fecal protein markers alpha 2-M, LZ, and Lf had significantly higher positive rates than the serum inflammatory markers and activity index in the moderate and severe UC groups, and alpha 2-M and Lf had significantly higher rates in the CD (+) group. Based on these findings measurement of fecal levels on alpha 2-M, LZ, and Lf appeared to be useful activity markers for UC, and alpha 2-M and Lf for CD.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Endoscopic diagnosis of ulcerative colitis].

Endoscopic findings of ulcerative colitis are classified into three groups according to the degree of inflammation, i.e. mild, moderate and severe. 1)mild: Edema, erythema, yellow spots, fine granular appearance are conspicuous signs of early disease. The mucosal vascular pattern disappears. 2)moderate: Coarse mucosa with mucous, pus, blood are characteristic findings. Erosions or shallow ulcers are scattered. The erythematous mucosa is friable and bleeds easily. 3)severe: There are deep, widespread ulcers. Marked bleeding is seen from granulation tissue of ulcer base. We remind that inflammation often take a turn for the worse due to endoscopic examination. Total colonoscopy is not always necessary in the cases of ulcerative colitis.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1999

[Immunosuppressive treatment of ulcerative colitis].

5-aminosalicylic compounds and corticosteroids are standard drugs, which have been used for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Although unusually we experience severe active UC, such as refractory cases to these drugs. Immunosuppressive agents are introduced and effective for these cases. In the treatment for UC, 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine are effective, but it takes a few months until their optimum effect. So these drugs are not suitable for severe active UC which needs rapid treatment. On the other hand, newer immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus have a rapid onset of action. These drugs are very effective, but have side effects. We will review immunosuppressive treatment strategy of UC.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1998

Primary cancer of the small intestine and mutational analysis of the K-ras and p53 genes.

A 69-year-old woman was admitted to Hokuso Shiroi Hospital because of recurrent pain in the lower right side of the abdomen. Small-intestinal cancer was strongly suspected after fluoroscopy of the small intestine. Laparotomy showed advanced cancer of the ileum, of complete annular constrictive type, 9.5 x 5cm in size. Histologically it was moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Neither visceral nor nodal metastases were found, and the patient has been well for the 20 months since surgery. The strong resemblance between the epidemiological characteristics of small-intestinal cancers and colorectal cancers prompted us to investigate the carcinogenetic mechanisms at the molecular level. A point mutation at codon 12 of the K-ras gene was found, while no alterations were noted in the p53 gene, whose mutations are frequent in colon cancers. The carcinogenetic mechanisms of the small-intestinal cancer we experienced may thus differ from those of colon cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Malignant hypertension associated with obstructive hydrocephalus--case report.

A 36-year-old male presented with headache, vomiting, and gait disturbance. Examination found marked anemia, renal failure, markedly choked disks, and hypertensive encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse swelling of the brainstem and cerebellum, and obstructive hydrocephalus. Treatment with steroid, glycerol, and antihypertensive drugs resulted in a slow decrease in the brain swelling and cerebral edema. However, hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension persisted, requiring a shunt operation. Hypertensive encephalopathy is usually improved by the treatment of hypertension, but shunt operation may be required to treat exacerbated intracranial pressure associated with obstructive hydrocephalus.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A case of central pontine myelinolysis after surgical removal of a pituitary tumor.

CASE REPORT: We have experienced a case in which surgical removal of a pituitary tumor from a male patient was followed by the occurrence of hyponatremia, which in turn was later associated with central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). A 4 X 3 X 3 cm pituitary tumor with hypothalamic extension was removed via a transsphenoidal approach. The post-operative course was uneventful until severe hyponatremia developed. To avoid drastic correction of electrolyte levels, reestablishment of normal serum levels was spread over 1 week. Following this, however, various neurologic symptoms such as pseudobulbar palsy, quadriplegia, extrapyramidal symptoms, and mental symptoms appeared. The case was diagnosed as CPM and extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) on the basis of the clinical course and symptoms, and high-dosage steroid therapy was commenced. RESULTS: There was consequent gradual improvement in symptoms. One month later, MRI revealed typical demyelination lesions in the central pons and striatum. Abnormal electrolyte conditions easily occur in pituitary tumors associated with hypothalamic extension in an altered hormone environment. It is known that CPM and EPM result from drastic correction of hyponatremia. CONCLUSIONS: The frequent measurement of electrolytes and cautious correction of sodium imbalance are important for the prevention of CPM and EPM in the postoperative management of patients who undergo surgery for a pituitary tumor and whose high-dosage steroid therapy are effective.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of hydrocephalic periventricular radiolucency by dynamic computed tomography and xenon-computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: A common finding of computed tomography in a case of normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is periventricular radiolucency (PVL). We analyzed PVL for patients with hydrocephalus, using dynamic computed tomographic and xenon-computed tomographic techniques to differentiate NPH from similar diseases. METHODS: Dynamic computed tomography was evaluated as a method of diagnosing NPH in 14 patients with computed tomographic findings of both PVL and ventricular dilatation. Of the 14 patients, varying degrees of clinical improvement after shunt surgery were observed in 10 (shunt-effective group) but not in the remaining 4 (shunt-ineffective group). The difference in arrival time between PVL and thalamus, the difference in peak time between PVL and anterior cerebral artery, and cerebral blood flow in PVL by xenon-computed tomographic study were analyzed. RESULTS: The difference in arrival time between PVL and thalamus was significantly longer in the effective group than among the remaining patients. There was no significant difference in PVL/cerebral blood flow and the difference in peak time between PVL and the anterior cerebral artery between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Dynamic computed tomographic analysis of the difference in arrival time between PVL and thalamus is useful for diagnosing NPH and predicting response to shunting.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

omega-Hydroxylation of docosahexaenoic acid or arachidonic acid in human colonic well differentiated adenocarcinoma homogenate.

Human colonic well differentiated adenocarcinoma homogenate was incubated with NADPH and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6(n-3)) or arachidonic acid (20:4(n-6)) as a substrate. On a selected ion monitoring chromatogram obtained with reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography thermospray mass spectrometry, omega-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (omega-HDHE) or omega-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (omega-HETE) from an incubation mixture of the homogenate was detected in significant amount, compared to that from a colonic region remote from the carcinoma. In contrast, epoxydocosapentaenoic acids and the dihydroxy derivatives from 22:6(n-3) or epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and the dihydroxy derivatives from 20:4(n-6) were detected in low amounts, compared to that from a colonic region remote from the carcinoma. The results suggest that highly active NADPH-dependent omega-oxidations of polyunsaturated fatty acids occur in colonic adenocarcinoma homogenate.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

High-performance liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry of omega-carboxyleukotriene B4 and omega-hydroxyleukotriene B4 from an incubation mixture of human colonic well-differentiated adenocarcinoma homogenate.

A method for the analysis of omega-carboxyleukotriene B4 and omega-hydroxyleukotriene B4 in human colonic carcinoma homogenate is described. The hydroxy groups of the leukotriene metabolite were acetylated by acetic anhydride, and the mixture was partially purified on a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and analysed by reversed-phase HPLC-thermospray MS. Generally, the base ion, [MH-2(60)]+, is produced through elimination of two acetic acid (60 mass units) molecules from the protonated molecular ion. On selected-ion monitoring, standard curves for omega-carboxy- or omega-hydroxyleukotriene B4 showed a linear relationship over the range 72-1500 pmol. The assay based on selected-ion monitoring was applied to an extract from human colonic carcinoma homogenate. When a homogenate of human colonic well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was incubated with NADPH and leukotriene B4 (60.6 nmol) as a substrate, the conversion of precursor leukotriene B4 to omega-carboxyleukotriene B4 or omega-hydroxyleukotriene B4 was 0.33 or 3.17%, respectively. Based on these results, it is suggested that carcinoma cells themselves or leukocytes at the hostsite in a region of human colonic well-differentiated adenocarcinoma are performing omega-oxidation through NADPH-dependent omega-hydroxylation of leukotriene B4.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Pituitary apoplexy caused by endocrine stimulation tests: a case report.

The case of a 60-year-old woman with a giant pituitary adenoma who suffered symptomatic pituitary apoplexy is reported. Hemorrhaging occurred during endocrine stimulation tests (triple bolus test) in and around the tumor. Both the level of consciousness and the hemiparesis improved after emergency decompression. Histologically the tumor was a chromophobe adenoma of the papillary type with diffuse hemorrhage. Subtotal removal of the tumor was successfully accomplished in a second operation. Routine anterior pituitary stimulation tests have the potential to develop pituitary apoplexy, and we advise that caution should be taken when such tests are planned. The possible mechanism resulting in bleeding is discussed.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1993

Report of colon cancer detection in mass surveys using immunological occult blood test (Latex method).

Occult blood test for the screening of colon cancer has been made by immunological method using latex agglutination for 4 years since 1988. A total of 35,139 persons have received the screening test and out of 1886 persons, that is, 5.4% showed positive. Five hundred seventy of the positive result subjects (30.2%) underwent barium enema examination. Three hundred fifty nine subjects (62.8%) showed some abnormal findings. They underwent colonoscopic examination and 45 of them (7.9%) had colon cancer. Twenty six of these were of early stage type and 19 persons were of advanced stage.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

A clinical study of the relationship of timing to outcome of surgery for ruptured cerebral aneurysms. A retrospective analysis of 1622 cases.

Between 1980 and 1987, 1622 patients with angiographically verified ruptured cerebral aneurysms were admitted within 7 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage. A retrospective analysis evaluated both the timing of surgery in operative patients and the status of nonsurgical patients. The patients' clinical grade according to the Hunt and Hess classification was assessed at admission, and a comparative analysis of outcome was carried out for each grade in relation to time of surgery: those operated on from Day 0 to 3 and those undergoing surgery on Day 4 or later. Among nonsurgical cases, fatal rebleeding occurred in 105 cases and fatal vasospasm in 69 cases. These nonsurgical cases were divided into one of two groups, either an early- or a late-management group, and the outcome of each group was analyzed by clinical grade. The mortality rates in the early-surgery groups were higher than in the late-surgery groups, especially in Grade V, in which the rate was significantly different. However, with the 174 nonsurgical patients included in these management results, marked differences in mortality rates disappeared except in Grade V, which failed to show statistical significance. A higher rate of good recovery among Grade III patients receiving early surgery shifted significantly in the early-management group. The results suggest that the timing of surgery in clinical Grade I or II patients is not a major factor; however, early surgery appears to be beneficial in Grade III and IV patients. The incidence of rebleeding in the early- and late-management groups was 2.7% and 9.5%, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Significance of quantitative and qualitative analysis of fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin in gastric cancer patients].

The levels of fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) were significantly high in advanced gastric cancer patients, compared with those in healthy control subjects and early gastric cancer patients. As the background, a process was assumed that excessive alpha 1-AT which flowed into the stomach through the cancerous lesion is saved from rapid proteolysis in the gastric juice of hypoacidity and proceeds to the small intestine. A molecular weight 38000 form of alpha 1-AT was detected in all of the stools of the control subjects and the gastric cancer patients by Western blotting analysis, and which was shown to lack its sugar chain by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and crossed immuno-affino-electrophoresis (CIAE) analysis.

Adult↗