Oral rehydration among infants aged 0-3 months has not been adequately investigated. A controlled, randomized study was thus conducted in 65 young infants hospitalized with acute noncholera dehydrating diarrhea. The study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of the standard WHO oral glucose-electrolyte solution containing 90 mmol of sodium per liter (Group A: 22 infants) with that of an oral glucose-electrolyte solution containing 60 mmol of sodium per liter (Group B: 22 infants) and with standard intravenous therapy (Group C: 21 infants). Among the 44 infants in Groups A and B, none required intravenous therapy. Dehydration, acidosis, and initial hyponatremia or hypokalemia were corrected with equal efficacy in all the three groups. In the critical first 8 h, the mean sodium absorption was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in Group A. This resulted in hypernatremia (50%), periorbital edema (50%), mild pedal edema (27%), excessive irritability, and convulsions (4.5%). The mean serum sodium levels at 8, 24, and even 48 h were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than those in Groups B and C. It is concluded that glucose-electrolyte oral solution containing 60 mmol of sodium per liter is as safe and effective as intravenous rehydration for the treatment of noncholera neonatal and early infantile diarrhea, while the standard WHO solution carries a significant risk of hypernatremia under similar conditions.

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PubMed1984

Pathogenesis of experimentally produced corneal ulcers in rabbits.

Intracorneal injection of Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus fumigatus, both separately and together, produced corneal ulcer in rabbits without pretreatment of the eyes with steroids or antibiotics. Staphylococcus alone produced self-limiting ulcers. Aspergillus alone produced severe deep ulcers ending in perforations. Bacterial infection followed by introduction of fungus produced less severe ulcers than did fungus alone. Established fungal infection followed by super-imposed bacterial infection was the most severe of all. The organisms were demonstrable both in direct smear and by culture. Histopathology showed cellular infiltration by polymorphs and lymphocytes with the organisms in the corneal tissue. The pH of the eyes during the active ulcerative period remained acidic.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Oral rehydration of neonates and young infants with dehydrating diarrhea.

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Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1984

Corneomalacia perforans in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

Bilateral corneomalacia perforans occurred in a young woman who had had rheumatoid arthritis for 7 years. The perforations appeared to be precipitated by systemic corticosteroid therapy. The only symptom was a sudden loss of vision. Conservative treatment - withdrawal of the steroid therapy and application of soft contact lenses for 3 weeks - resulted in complete healing of the perforations and a marked increase in visual acuity.

Adult↗

PubMed1984