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Biomedical subjects

M Monnier

Publications and source records attributed to M Monnier.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Glucose and free fatty acid utilization during prolonged exercise in prepubertal boys in relation to catecholamine responses.

Ten prepubertal boys performed 60-min cycle exercise at about 60% of their maximal oxygen uptake as previously measured. To measure packed cell volume, plasma glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol and catecholamines, blood samples were drawn at rest using a heparinized catheter and at the 15th, 30th and 60th min of the exercise and after 30 min of recovery. At rest, the blood glucose concentrations were at the lowest values for normal. Exercise induced a small decrease of blood glucose which was combined with an abrupt increase of the noradrenaline concentration during the first 15 min. The FFA and glycerol concentrations increased throughout the exercise linearly with that of adrenaline. Compared to adults, the FFA uptake expressed per minute and per litre of oxygen uptake was greater in children. These results suggested that it is difficult for children to maintain a constant blood glucose concentration and that prolonged exercise provided a real stimulus to hypoglycaemia. An immediate and large increase in noradrenaline concentration during exercise and a greater utilization of FFA was probably used by children to prevent hypoglycaemia.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1991

[Mycobacterium marinum granuloma in a fish fancier. Apropos of a case with sporotrichoid lesions].

A 43-year-old fish fancier with fish tank granuloma presented with a sporotrichoid-like skin infection of the right arm with multiple papulo-nodular lesions along the lymphatic drainage. Acid fast bacilli were found in skin biopsy specimens and Mycobacterium marinum grew in cultures. The clinical and histopathological findings in M. marinum infection are reviewed and the differential diagnosis, laboratory findings with this atypical mycobacterium, and therapeutic modalities are discussed. Finally, the importance of an adequate and pertinent patient's history for a correct and timely diagnosis is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Impact of dietary tryptophan and behavioral type on growth performance and plasma amino acids of young pigs.

Tryptophan (TRP) content in the protein of the weaning diet was varied from deficient (.70 g/16 g N) to adequate (1.15 g/16 g N) and excess (1.60 g/16 g N) in diets fed to 108 pigs from d 5 to d 26 after weaning (W) and in 72 pigs from d 26 after weaning to slaughter (100 kg live weight) to assess immediate and long-term effects of TRP on performance. Daily weight gain and feed efficiency were improved when dietary TRP was increased from deficient to adequate (+60 and +40%, respectively). Concurrently, daily feed intake was elevated moderately (+15%). No further improvement was observed with excess TRP. In the low TRP group, gain/feed was significantly poorer up to 25 kg live weight, but this effect did not continue later. Although no compensatory growth could be shown in the group fed the deficient diet, growth retardation was very small (1.5%; P greater than .10) at slaughter. Early changes in TRP supply did not affect either carcass or meat quality. Behavioral reactivity, as determined on day W + 5 in an "open-field" test, did not affect early performance, but growth rate during the growing-finishing stage (3.2%) or the whole period (2.5%) was greater by nonemotional than by emotional pigs. Plasma amino acid contents in blood samples, withdrawn on day W + 15 (fed state) and W + 17 (fasted state), were consistent with the effect of TRP on growth rates. However, in the fasted state, a diet x reactivity interaction suggested that TRP removal from the plasma was less rapid in nonemotional than in emotional pigs. Furthermore, increased plasma concentrations of essential amino acids and urea in the latter group suggested that protein and amino acid catabolism was more rapid in emotional than in nonemotional pigs. These data are discussed relative to the effect of the behavioral type of pig on its TRP requirement.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1991

Impact of dietary tryptophan and behavioral type on behavior, plasma cortisol, and brain metabolites of young pigs.

The behavioral reactivity in an "open-field" test and plasma cortisol levels were studied in 72 pigs from 12 litters fed for 3 wk one of three diets with different levels of tryptophan: deficient (.14%), adequate (.23%), or excess (.32%). "Open-field" tests were performed three times: 5 d (day W + 5), 23 d (day W + 23) and 45 d (day W + 45) after weaning. The exploration time and the number of grunts provided an adequate measure of the individual emotional reactivity at day W + 5. Significant correlations were obtained between exploration time and the number of grunts at each time (r = -.83 at day W + 5; r = -.46 at day W + 23; r = -.71 at day W + 45). The distinction between animals remained (P less than .05) in terms of exploration time at both 23 and 45 d after weaning. At day W + 23, exploration time was lower in the group fed the adequate diet than in the two other groups. This effect was maintained subsequently after feeding all pigs the same adequate diet (day W + 45). In 36 pigs slaughtered at day W + 23, brain TRP concentration was higher with the excess dietary TRP than with deficient or adequate levels. Conversely, other plasma amino acids (particularly threonine) accumulated only in the brains of pigs fed the deficient diet. Plasma cortisol level assayed at weaning (W) and 2 wk later increased with age and was higher in 16-h fasted (day W + 15) than in 3-h fasted (day W + 17) pigs. Correlations were observed within litters in the fasting state, between the cortisol level and behavioral traits measured at day W + 23 (r = .70 for number of grunts, r = -.60 for exploration time). Dietary TRP did not affect the plasma cortisol level irrespective of the nutritional state after weaning. However, an interaction was noted between plasma cortisol and TRP status (P less than .05). Although dietary TRP induced large variations in brain amino acids and 5-hydroxyindole concentrations, changes in behavioral and cortisol responses were relatively minor.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Changes in pulse wave velocity with age in man: a longitudinal series over 20 years.

Measurements of pulse wave velocity (PWV) carried out systematically in the same 60 healthy individuals over 20 years confirmed that average PWV progressively increases with age, and more rapidly after age 45. The PWV increase mainly results from the decreased extensibility of the thoracic aorta in the aortic-popliteat arterial system. This longitudinal study showed that PWVs of most individuals do not closely follow the average cross-sectional trend, but vary considerably in type. Therefore, PWV by itself is hardly a close correlate of an individual's physiological age or life expectancy. Individuals with a constantly high PWV or a late abrupt increase are exceptional; a possible relation to an increased mean arterial pressure and decreased arterial extensibility as in hypertonia is mentioned.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Radioimmunologic determination of ACTH in the rabbit: stress-ACTH-corticosteroid relationship and diarrhea].

Plasma ACTH was measured in young and adult rabbits with a CEA-SORIN kit. The reliability of the analysis was controlled by liquid chromatography, several biochemical tests such as parallelism and reproducibility and several physiological tests such as plasma ACTH response to ethylic ether stress, to adrenalectomy, to dexamethasone and metopyrone. In young diarrhoeic rabbit plasma, ACTH (293 +/- 45 pg/ml) and corticosteroid (111 +/- 13 ng/ml) levels were significantly much higher than in young healthy rabbits (ACTH: 130 +/- 35 pg/ml; corticosteroids: 66 +/- 7 ng/ml). Furthermore, transporting young rabbits by car caused such violent stress that plasma ACTH levels increased from 52 +/- 11 to 130 +/- 35 pg/ml. A causal relationship between stress - ACTH and diarrhoea is discussed.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of vaginitis with benzydamine: preliminary results of a randomized study.

The therapeutic efficacy of benzydamine vaginal douche is compared with that of placebo in a randomized clinical study presently underway. A total number of 200 patients, grouped according to different types of vaginitis, will be included in the study. Preliminary results on 102 patients confirm the positive therapeutic effect of benzydamine.

Benzydamine↗
PubMed1981

Acute and delayed effects of DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) on human sleep behavior.

A first study of DSIP (= synthetic delta sleep-inducing peptide) application to humans was carried out in six normal volunteers (four males and two females) under extensive psychophysiologic observations and measurements in a double-blind cross-over design. DSIP was applied as slow intravenous infusions at a dosage of 25 nmol/kg in the morning. The subjects immediately reported a feeling of sleep pressure, and sleep increased by 59% (median of total sleep time) within a 130-min interval after the treatment as compared with placebo. Delayed effects on subsequent night sleep were shorter sleep onset, reduced percentage of stage 1, and better sleep efficiency. Nevertheless, sophisticated behavioral and EEG analyses revealed no sedation in the classic pharmacologic way. The results suggest that DSIP in humans is also efficacious by sustaining natural sleep functions. The compound was well-tolerated and no psychologic, physiologic, or biochemical side effects were observed.

Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide↗
PubMed1978

The delta EEG (sleep)-inducing peptide (DSIP). XI. Amino-acid analysis, sequence, synthesis and activity of the nonapeptide.

A peptide which induces slow-wave EEG (sleep) after intraventricular infusion into the brain has been isolated from the extracorporeal dialysate of cerebral venous blood in rabbits submitted to hypnogenic electrical stimulation of the intralaminar thalamic area. It was shown by amino-acid analysis and sequence determination to be Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu and named "Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide" (DSIP). This compound was synthesized as well as 5 possible metabolic products (1--8, 2--9, 2--8, 1--4 and 5--9), 2 nonapeptide analogues (with one and two amino-acids exchanged) and a related tripeptide (Trp-Ser-Glu). All 9 synthetic peptides were infused intraventricularly in rabbits (6 nmol/kg in 0.05 ml of CSF-like solution over 3.5 min) and tested under double-blind conditions. A total of 61 rabbits including controls were used. The EEG from the frontal neocortex and the limbic archicortex were subjected to direct fast-Fourier transformation and analyzed by an 1108 computer system. A highly specific delta and spindle EEG-enhancing effect of the synthetic DSIP could be demonstrated. The mean increase of EEG delta activity reached 35% in the neocortex and limbic cortex as compared to control animals receiving CSF-like solution or any of the other 8 peptides. The final chemical characterization of the synthetic DSIP revealed that only the pure alpha-aspartyl peptide is highly active in contrast to its beta-Asp isomer. A neurohumoral modulating and programming activity was suggested.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1978

EEG effects of the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits submitted to thalamic stimulation.

Electrical stimulation of the "somnogenic" thalamic area of Hess in chronic rabbit donors significantly increases the EEG delta activity against controls (41%; p less than or equal to 0.05). In recipient rabbits infused with cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from these donors, the delta increase against control rabbits (26%) suggests a sedative activity of the infused csf, able to counteract the waking tendency in chronic recipients.

Animals↗