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Biomedical subjects

M Montagne

Publications and source records attributed to M Montagne.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Characterization of the catalytic activities of the PhoQ histidine protein kinase of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Studies of Escherichia coli membranes that were highly enriched in the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium PhoQ protein showed that the presence of ATP and divalent cations such as Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, or Ba2+ resulted in PhoQ autophosphorylation. However, when Mg2) or Mn2+ was present at concentrations higher than 0.1 mM, the kinetics of PhoQ autophosphorylation were strongly biphasic, with a rapid autophosphorylation phase followed by a slower dephosphorylation phase. A fusion protein lacking the sensory and transmembrane domains retained the autokinase activity but could not be dephosphosphorylated when Mg2+ or Mn2+ was present at high concentrations. The instability of purified [32P]phospho-PhoP in the presence of PhoQ-containing membranes indicated that PhoQ also possesses a phosphatase activity. The PhoQ phosphatase activity was stimulated by increasing the Mg2+ concentration. These data are consistent with a model in which Mg2+ binding to the sensory domain of PhoQ coordinately regulates autokinase and phosphatase activities.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1999

Characterization of non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor agonist (FR 190997) and antagonist (FR 173657).

Pharmacologic parameters for a novel non-peptide bradykinin (BK)-B2 receptor agonist, 8-[2,6-dichloro-3-[N-[(E)-4-(N-methylcarbamoylcinnamidoacetyl]-N-+ ++methylano] benzyloxy]-2-methyl-4-(2-pyridylmethoxy)quinoline (FR 190997) (pEC50, ED50 values) and for the antagonist (E)-3-(6-acetamido-3-pyridyl)-[N-[2,4-dichloro-3-[(2-methyl-8-quinolinyl ) oxymethyl] phenyl]-N-methylaminocarbonylmethyl] acrylamide (FR 173657) (pIC50, ID50 values) were measured using conventional contractile B2 receptor bioassays from rabbit, guinea pig and rat tissues and by mean of animal blood pressure models performed on anesthetized animals in the same species. In vitro assays (on the rabbit jugular vein and the guinea pig ileum) demonstrated that both the onset and duration of action of FR 190997 are prolonged compared to BK. These in vitro effects of FR 190997 strongly desensitized upon repeated tissue applications. Similar pEC50 values (7.7) were measured on the rabbit and the guinea pig tissues. In vivo, when injected intraarterially, FR 190997 produced hypotensive responses in rabbits and guinea pigs with ED50 values of 3.7 +/- 0.5 and 8.9 +/- 3.6 nmol/kg, respectively. Both the contractile and the hypotensive effects of FR 190997 were abolished by pretreating tissues (1 microM) or animals (0.1-0.5 micromol/kg) with D-Arg-[Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8]BK (HOE 140) or FR 173657. FR 173657 (pIC550 approximately 8.40), as well as other known antagonists (e.g., HOE 140, D-Arg-[Hyp3,D-Phe7,Leu8]BK), inhibited the in vitro myotropic effects of BK on the rabbit, guinea pig and rat tissues. FR 173657 also abrogated the in vivo hypotensive responses elicited by BK in the rabbit (ID50 57 +/- 9 nmol/kg), the guinea pig (ID50 215 +/- 56 nmol/kg) and the rat (ID50 187 +/- 50 nmol/kg). The in vivo duration of action of FR 173657 was significantly lower in the rabbit (= 20 min) than in the guinea pig and the rat (> 90 min). It is concluded that the non-peptides FR 190997 and FR 173657 enable efficient activation and antagonism of rabbit and guinea pig B2 receptors. These non-peptide molecules represent a marked progress in medicinal chemistry and may be useful to define the role played by the kallikrein/kinin system in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Cutaneous sarcoidosis secondary to inhalation of wall insulating material particles].

BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease defined by multiple granulomas. We report a case of sarcoidosis which occur concomitantly or secondary to foreign body granuloma of the lung. CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old women presented with Lofgren syndrome, subcutaneous granulomatous nodular lesions on the arms and legs. Computed tomography revealed a foreign body granuloma of the lung centered on particles of mural isolation material that the patient had inhaled accidentally. Analysis of the foreign body particles showed non crystalline silica, calcite monohydrate and phenol resin. DISCUSSION: Recent studies support the hypothesis that sarcoidosis is an antigen-driven disease involving pulmonary T-cell activation. The antigen-mediated reaction may be caused by infectious agents, particularly mycobacteria, occupational and environmental agents (beryllium) or as in our observation following inhalation of mural isolation material particles.

Construction Materials↗
PubMed1997

[From the pharmacology of drugs to their use: formation of knowledge about psychotropic drugs].

Drug effects are complex events in drug users' lives. What do we know about the effects of major psychotropic drugs, and how have we arrived at this knowledge? An exercise is presented herein that assists the reader in assessing the state of her or his knowledge about the effects of certain psychotropic drugs. The exercise format allows the reader to explore how their and others' knowledge about psychotropic drugs are constructed, by examining cellular, organal, behavioral, and social levels of experience for specific drugs. Examples of effects for five specific drugs, identified from a variety of sources, are presented and described in the context of these different levels of experience.

Behavior↗
PubMed1996

Barriers to compliance with OBRA'90 regulations in community pharmacies.

OBJECTIVE: To identify which barriers have been most significant to community pharmacists in their ability to comply with the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (OBRA'90) regulations during its first year of implementation. METHODS: Mailing of a two-page survey in April 1994. SETTING: Four hundred randomly selected community pharmacies in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS: Of 400 pharmacies surveyed, 156 surveys were completed and returned for analysis. RESULTS: Barriers that were considered most significant to pharmacies surveyed in their ability to implement OBRA'90 regulations were excessive workload, lack of financial compensation, and patients' attitudes. Of least significance were inadequate knowledge about drugs, inadequate references, and store layout. Almost half the responding pharmacists indicated that OBRA'90 regulations had not affected or changed their practice, one-quarter of the pharmacists believed their practice was less rewarding after OBRA'90, and about one-fifth believed it was more rewarding. CONCLUSIONS: Community pharmacists in Massachusetts are making an attempt to comply with OBRA'90, but there are specific barriers that are affecting their ability to do so. The OBRA'90 regulations appear to have had little impact on the practice of most community pharmacies. Community pharmacy management needs to examine (1) expanded roles of supportive personnel to give pharmacists more time to spend counseling patients, (2) reimbursement mechanisms for cognitive service, and (3) approaches to educating patients about these changes in the pharmacy profession.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1993

Prevention of substance use problems: models, factors, and processes.

The use of substances for medical or nonmedical reasons occurs in most cultures. Regardless of the reason for use, however, most types of substance use (or drug-taking behaviors) have their associated problem states. The prevention of substance use problems is an important issue and need in every society. In this review we present and discuss various models and factors that purport to describe and predict patterns of drug use, and we discuss various strategies to prevent the occurrence of substance use problems.

Awareness↗
PubMed1992

Drugs, music, and ideology: a social pharmacological interpretation of the Acid House Movement.

During the summer of 1988, a musical concert experience called Acid House arrived on the cultural scene in many British cities. The media created a frenzy of misinformation in reporting about the latest drug craze. Acid House music was then banned from the pop music charts, radio and television, and retail outlets. Some psychoactive substances have been bought, sold, and consumed at Acid House events, but drug use does not appear to be extensive. At the physiological level, the nature of Acid House music, especially the drumming aspect, seems instrumental in providing altered states of consciousness. At the interpersonal and social level, the set and setting of Acid House events further enhances and reinforces the specific physiological and psychological responses. The degree of acceptance by various subcultural groups may depend greatly on the amount of media and societal exposure given to it, particularly if authoritarian attempts to suppress it enhance its political or ideological aspects.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗
PubMed1991

Lesbians in currently aggressive relationships: how frequently do they report aggressive past relationships?

Findings are reported from a survey examining the frequency with which women in currently aggressive same-sex relationships also report aggressive past relationships involving female partners, male partners, or members of their family of origin. Particular attention is paid to victims who also used aggression and their perceptions of whether their aggressive behavior was self-defensive or mutually aggressive. Results indicate that about one-fourth of participants had been victims of aggression in current relationships, roughly two-thirds had been victimized by a previous male partner, and almost three-fourths had experienced aggression by a previous female partner. Among those reporting having been both victims and users of aggression, about one-fifth had used aggression in their current relationship, almost one-third used aggression with a previous male partner, and nearly two-thirds had used aggression with a previous female partner. A majority of victims who had also used aggression with a previous male partner characterized this use as self-defense, as compared to only 30% of those who had used aggression with a female partner. Instead, aggression in relationships involving a female partner was most frequently described as mutually aggressive in nature.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Substance use as a correlate of violence in intimate lesbian relationships.

This article examines the problem of domestic violence as related to substance abuse in lesbian relationships. One hundred and four self-identified lesbians responded to a 70-item mail survey. Thirty-nine reported a past or present abusive relationship. Sixty-four percent reported alcohol or drugs were involved prior to or during incidents of battering. Respondents' frequency of drinking significantly correlated with committing abusive acts as well as with being the victim of abusive acts. Efforts must be initiated to improve the delivery of human services to lesbian batterers and victims and to encourage cooperation and cross-fertilization between practitioners from the domestic violence and substance abuse fields.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The social epidemiology of international drug trafficking: comparison of source of supply and distribution networks.

A variety of strategies have been implemented in an attempt to limit or prevent drug trafficking. Efforts have focused on reducing the supply of drugs, but they have not been very effective. There has been a shift recently to demand-reduction activities, but it is uncertain whether this approach will prove to be valuable. Most of the strategies that are employed are based upon the law enforcement approach. Alternative perspectives, based on principles of epidemiology and social network analysis, are presented and discussed in the context of studying drug trafficking on a global scale. More research and better sources of data and information are needed to delineate the relationship between availability and use, so that we might more effectively focus prevention activities.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1988

The metaphorical nature of drugs and drug taking.

An inquiry into the role metaphor plays in personal and societal conceptions of drugs and drug taking reveals that drug metaphors and symbols are quite pervasive in individual thinking, social discourse, and the cultural media. They appear to influence beliefs and attitudes regarding drugs, the nature and meaning of drug experiences, and the reasons behind drug-taking behaviors. Some drug metaphors are common to different cultures and historical periods, while others are specific and exclusive to particular individuals and groups or drug-taking situations. These metaphors can carry positive as well as negative connotations. Further study is needed to delineate the metaphorical structuring of our thinking about drugs, and the process whereby these metaphors are generated and spread throughout society.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Testing for drug use, Part 1: Analytical methods.

Issues surrounding the screening and testing of individuals for drug use, including analytical and legal aspects of the procedures and social, political, and ethical problems and concerns, are reviewed. Historically, professional and societal debate regarding drug taking, drug-use problems, and the utility of drug testing programs occurs in cycles. Analytical methods commonly used to test for drug use include breath analysis for alcohol and urine drug assays. Blood alcohol concentrations are determined by laboratory assay methods or by portable devices used in the field. While poor laboratory procedures can invalidate test results for both breath and urine tests, urine screening test results can be further invalidated by improper handling of specimens or by tampering on the part of the subject. Also, test results are meaningful only if they are correlated with a clinical state. Legal issues have been raised concerning the validity of testing procedures used and the reliability of evidence obtained, especially in relation to pre-employment drug screening. From an ethical standpoint, drug testing tends to focus efforts to combat drug abuse on the drugs themselves instead of on the social context of the problem. With a recycled interest in drug-use testing and screening, primarily attributable to technological advances, little attention is being given to other approaches to controlling drug use. Additional research is needed to better describe the nature and extent of our drug-use problems and their impact on society.

Humans↗