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M Moreau

Publications and source records attributed to M Moreau.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

In vivo labelling of L-type Ca2+ channels by fluorescent dihydropyridine: correlation between ontogenesis of the channels and the acquisition of neural competence in ecotderm cells from Pleurodeles waltl embryos.

The ability of the ectodermal cells to be induced and to differentiate toward neural tissue, called neural competence, is acquired shortly before gastrulation and lost during late gastrula stages in Pleurodeles waltl embryos. We have examined ectodermal cells' neural competence in relation to the evolution of the density of L-type calcium channels using the fluorescent labelled dihydropyridine probe (STBodipy-DHP). We find that the appearance of dihydropyridine sensitive calcium channels (L-type Ca2+ channels) is correlated with the acquisition of neural competence by the ectoderm cells. The highest density of these channels is reached when competence of the ectoderm is optimal. Conversely, the decrease of L-type Ca2+ channel density occurs simultaneously with the normal loss of competence. In addition, we show that these channels are functional since stimulation by S(-)-Bay K 8644 triggered an increase in [Ca2+]i revealed by fluorescence measurements using Fluo-3. This increase in [Ca2+]i is a function of the L-type Ca2+ channels' density. We propose that the molecular basis of the gain and loss of neural competence is linked to the presence of L-type Ca2+ channels in ectodermal cell membranes of Pleurodeles waltl embryos.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy

Quantitative investigation of in vitro flow using three-dimensional colour Doppler ultrasound.

A quantitative in vitro flow study was performed by using a three-dimensional colour Doppler imaging system. This system was based on a clinical ultrasound instrument with its transducer mounted on a motor-driven translation stage. A vascular and tissue-mimicking phantom containing two wall-less vessels, one normal and another stenotic, was used to quantify the measurement accuracy of the flow velocity and the flow field. Steady state flows, having Reynolds numbers ranging between 460 and 1300, were generated by a computer-controlled positive displacement pump. Effects of the parameter settings of the ultrasound instrument on results of the estimation of flow field were also studied. Experimental results show that our three-dimensional colour Doppler system's velocity accuracy was better than 7% of the Nyquist velocity and its spatial accuracy was better than 0.5 mm. The system showed a good correlation (r = 0.999) between the estimated and the true mean flow velocity, and a good correlation (r = 0.998) between the estimated maximum and the true mean flow velocity. This study is our first step toward validating the measurement of the three-dimensional velocity and wall shear stress distributions by using three-dimensional colour Doppler ultrasound

Blood Flow Velocity

Increased plasma levels of human interleukin for DA1.a cells/leukemia inhibitory factor in sepsis correlate with shock and poor prognosis.

Animal study results have suggested a role in sepsis for human interleukin for DA1.a cells/leukemia inhibitory factor (HILDA/LIF). HILDA/LIF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were prospectively studied by serial ELISAs in 34 septic patients. HILDA/LIF was detected in 11 of 34 patients at plasma levels of 100-37,000 pg/mL. Peak HILDA/LIF levels correlated with increased temperature and creatinine and IL-6 and with decreased arterial CO2 (P < .05). Multivariate analysis showed that shock and decreased arterial CO2 accounted for 75% of peak HILDA/LIF plasma variations (R2 = .753). Fatal outcome was most often associated with detectable HILDA/LIF (> 56 pg/mL) and peak IL-6 plasma levels > 850 pg/mL (sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 87%), but both (at respective levels of > 480 and > 850 pg/mL) were associated with fatal outcome. HILDA/LIF was detected in septic patients exhibiting shock, and its levels correlated with higher mortality and shorter survival.

APACHE

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor activity associated with LDL is inactivated by cell- and copper-mediated oxidation.

Human plasma contains a multivalent, Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor termed tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), which is a specific inhibitor of the action of the factor VII(a)-tissue factor complex in coagulation. A major fraction of plasma TFPI is transported in association with LDL. Because LDL may undergo oxidation in the arterial wall during atherogenesis, we examined the effect of copper- and cell-mediated oxidative modification on TFPI activity associated with LDL. Oxidation mediated by copper ions resulted in a significant inactivation of LDL-associated TFPI (60% to 72% at 24 hours with 2.5 mumol/l CuCl2). The inactivation of TFPI was strongly negatively correlated with both an increase in the net electrical charge of LDL (r = -.80, P < or = .0001) and with the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (r = -.78, P < or = .0001) and lipid peroxides (r = -.80, P < or = .0001). Cell-mediated oxidation, involving incubation of LDL for 48 hours with either monocyte-like THP1 cells or human monocytes in Ham's F-10 medium, effected a significant decrease (64% and 75%, respectively) in LDL-associated TFPI activity. By contrast, prolonged exposure of LDL to purified soybean lipoxygenase (5000 U/mL) was less effective in inactivating TFPI (47% reduction after incubation for 72 hours at 37 degrees C). We subsequently investigated the mechanism(s) that may underlie such inactivation. Oxidation of LDL is accompanied by the generation of various aldehydes, including malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. Chemical modification with these aldehydes revealed a significant inverse correlation between the progressive loss of TFPI activity and both the increase in net electrical charge (r = -.90, P < or = .0001) and the derivatization of free amino acid residues of LDL (r = -.90, P < or = .0001). Specific chemical modification of lysine amino groups by acetylation similarly led to inactivation of LDL-associated TFPI activity. TFPI activity was almost totally abolished (< 1.4%) when the TNBS reactivities of acetylated LDL, malondialdehyde-modified LDL, and 4-hydroxynonenal-modified LDL were 31%, 21%, and 43% that of native LDL, respectively. Our data demonstrate that expression of LDL-associated anticoagulant activity is markedly decreased as a consequence of the oxidative process, and suggest that the progressive aldehydic derivatization of apo B of LDL, and of the associated TFPI protein, may contribute to this phenomenon. Because tissue factor is overexpressed in the atheromatous plaque, it may exert a marked local procoagulant effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Blood Coagulation

4-aminopyridine acts as a weak base and a Ca2+ mobilizing agent in triggering oocyte meiosis reinitiation and activation in the Japanese clam Ruditapes philippinarum.

Ovarian oocytes of the prosobranch mollusc Patella vulgata and the pelecypod Ruditapes philippinarum are arrested during prophase of the first maturation division. Release from this blockade, which is revealed by germinal vesicle breakdown, drives these oocytes to a second arrest in metaphase I, at which time the oocytes become fertilizable. The respective roles of Ca2+ and H+ ion movements during this early step in meiosis reinitiation has not been fully established yet. In this work we reveal the presence of acidic vesicles and report that bafilomycin A1 and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, two inhibitors of the vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, applied to Ruditapes oocytes, produce a significant inhibition of their response to the natural neurohormone serotonin. Since sodium deprivation did not affect this response, this suggests that a v-type ATPase pump, possibly located in the membrane of these acidic vesicles, may play a subtle role in the cascade of events that releases oocytes from their prophase block. We then describe how 4-aminopyridine, a drug reputed to be a K+ channel antagonist, triggers both meiosis reinitiation and activation of Patella and Ruditapes oocytes. This agent acts as a weak base, its effect depending on external pH. Moreover, using the fluorescent probes BCECF and Fluo-3/AM, we observe that this drug both alkalinizes the endoplasm and promotes an intracellular Ca2+ surge. This dual effect may explain why Ruditapes oocytes no longer stop in metaphase under these conditions and behave like other bivalve species which are directly fertilizable at the germinal vesicle stage.

4-Aminopyridine

A comparison of spinal ligaments--differences between bipeds and quadrupeds.

Following dissection, the spinal ligaments were observed in a selection of bipedal, pseudobipedal and quadrupedal animals during a search for an appropriate animal model for investigating the innervation of these ligaments. Midline spinal ligaments were found in all animals while lateral spinal ligaments could only be observed in bipedal (human) and pseudobipedal (avian) species. The presence of lateral spinal ligaments in these animals and their absence in quadrupeds suggests that the development of the lateral ligaments reflects a mechanical challenge unique to the erect spine and that these lateral spinal ligaments are fundamental to the stability of an erect posture.

Animals

Regulation of Na+, K+ ATPase activity during meiotic maturation of Pleurodeles waltl oocytes. Role of calcium.

Changes in activity of the Na+, K+ ATPase of maturing Pleurodeles waltl were followed by measuring the resting potential in presence or absence of the specific inhibitor dihydroouabain. Corresponding currents were measured in voltage clamp conditions to eliminate the differences in resting potential at the origin and at the end of the meiotic maturation process. Our data confirm previous results obtained on Xenopus, indicating that the Na+,K+ pump activity disappears from the plasma membrane during progesterone-induced maturation and can be reactivated by an increase in internal Ca2+ triggered by ionomycin. Moreover we show by ultrastructural histochemistry that these modulations are likely to depend on the internalization and reinsertion of the transporter into the plasma membrane.

Animals

Thimerosal triggers meiosis reinitiation in oocytes of the Japanese clam Ruditapes philippinarum by eliciting an intracellular Ca2+ surge.

Ovarian oocytes of the bivalve mollusc Ruditapes philippinarum are arrested during first meiotic prophase. Release from this blockade is triggered by the neurohormone serotonin (5HT or 5-hydroxytryptamine), which promotes germinal vesicle breakdown and drives these oocytes to a second arrest in metaphase I. 5HT action involves binding to a specific G protein-coupled receptor which results in a transient rise in IP3 and in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. Here we analyze the cytological effects and mode of action of the sulphydryl reagent thimerosal which could also trigger meiosis reinitiation in Ruditapes. No metaphase I spindle formed under these conditions since thimerosal was found to be able to preclude or reverse tubulin polymerization when applied to prophase- or to metaphase-arrested oocytes, respectively. Our results strongly suggest that the common final target for 5HT and thimerosal actions consists in a transient rise in internal free Ca2+ level that we could follow using Fluo3/AM as a probe. The effect of thimerosal in promoting oocyte maturation and increasing intracellular free Ca2+ concentration was improved by excess KCI. In addition, thimerosal, but not KCI, was found to facilitate 5HT-induced maturation at subthreshold hormone concentrations which, by themselves, did not produce an intracellular Ca2+ surge. These data suggest that thimerosal may inhibit Ca2+ pumps of the endoplasmic reticulum and unmask the plasma membrane voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels which also appear after 5HT-induced GVBD.

Aniline Compounds

A transpedicularly implanted anterior spinal support.

This article describes a device that has been developed to augment posterior spinal fracture fixation by providing support for the anterior column of the spine. The device is contracted for insertion through the limited opening provided by the transpedicular approach to the vertebral body. Once in situ it is configured to support physiological loads. In this way the structural limitations of posterior instrumentation and the surgical difficulties of anterior spinal fixation instrumentation are overcome. A preliminary investigation of the new device together with in vitro studies of a prototype are described in this report. In vitro tests to determine the expansion characteristics and structural performance of the device were performed together with tests to determine the efficacy of the support to reduce loading on the posterior fixation device. It is shown that the device has the necessary expansion characteristics and can support physiological loads without failure. Tests using porcine vertebral columns with a simulated vertebral fracture showed a significant reduction in load carried by the posterior fixation plates (44 +/- 16%) when the anterior support was included in the construct. In addition, the difference in loading between the left and right plates was significantly reduced (81 +/- 12%).

Bone Cements

Increased internal Ca2+ mediates neural induction in the amphibian embryo.

The molecular mechanism of neural induction is still unknown and the identity of the natural inducer remains elusive. It has been suggested that both the protein kinase C and cAMP signal transduction pathways may be involved in mediating its action. Here we provide evidence that Ca2+ is implicated in the process of transduction of the neuralizing signal. We find that an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i occurs during neural induction provoked in vitro by the lectin Con A in Pleurodeles waltl embryo. We demonstrate that specific L-type Ca2+ channel agonists also trigger neural induction. Conversely, noninducing lectins do not raise [Ca2+]i. Ryanodine and caffeine trigger neural induction. An increase in [Ca2+]i was also observed after treatment with the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which has been reported to be inductive. The [Ca2+]i increase triggered by phorbol ester and Con A was abolished by staurosporine and by L-type Ca2+ channel antagonists. Our findings demonstrate that the [Ca2+]i increase occurs via L-type Ca2+ channels. We suggest an amplification of this increase by a Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release mechanism which involves intracellular ryanodine-sensitive stores. We propose that Ca(2+)-dependent processes controlled by protein kinase C are implicated in the regulation of gene expression in response to neural induction.

Alkaloids

Recruitment of plasma membrane voltage-dependent calcium-permeable channels in carrot cells.

Numerous biological assays and pharmacological studies have led to the suggestion that depolarization-activated plasma membrane Ca2+ channels play prominent roles in signal perception and transduction processes during growth and development of higher plants. The recent application of patch-clamp techniques to isolated carrot protoplasts has led to direct voltage-clamp evidence for the existence of Ca2+ channels activated by physiological depolarizations in the plasma membrane of higher plant cells. However, these voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels were not stable and their activities decreased following the establishment of whole-cell recordings. We show here that large pre-depolarizing pulses positive to 0 mV induced not only the recovery of Ca2+ channel activities, but also the activation of initially quiescent voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane (recruitment). This recruitment was dependent on the intensity and duration of membrane depolarizations, i.e. the higher and longer the pre-depolarization, the greater the recruitment. Pre-depolarizing pulses to +118 mV during 30 s increased the initial calcium currents 5- to 10-fold. The recruited channels were permeable to Ba2+ and Sr2+ ions. The data suggested that voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-permeable channels are regulated by biological mechanisms which might be induced by large pre-depolarizations of the plasma membrane. In addition, this study provides evidence for the existence in the plasma membrane of higher plant cells of a large number of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels of which a major part are inactive and quiescent. It is suggested that quiescent Ca2+ channels can be rapidly recruited for Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction.

Calcium

Reception and transduction of the serotonin signal responsible for meiosis reinitiation in oocytes of the Japanese clam Ruditapes philippinarum.

Prophase-arrested oocytes of Ruditapes philippinarum are triggered to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown under the influence of the neurohormone serotonin (5HT) and then arrest in metaphase 1. Our data show that these oocytes possess a single class of original 5HT receptors. Their binding parameters have been determined on semipurified membrane preparations incubated with [3H]5HT. No significant differences were observed when comparing 5HT-competent and -incompetent batches as well as prophase- or metaphase-arrested oocytes. Specific experiments including incubation with mastoparan or mas 7, GTP iontophoresis, and IP3 quantification strongly suggest that these receptors must be coupled with G-proteins to be functional. Peak change in IP3 mass occurs at 3 min and is likely to trigger the 5HT-dependent Ca2+ transient that begins at this time. In metaphase-arrested oocytes, binding of 5HT to its receptors no longer produces a Ca2+ surger. This is likely to result from a negative retrocontrol loop which would involve kinase C and exert its effect upstream of the Ca2+ surge. Indeed, the phorbol ester PMA proved able to reduce the Ca2+ response and to block 5HT action when applied during the first 3 min corresponding to the hormone-dependent period. Such an inhibition was reversed in the presence of 5 microM of the C kinase inhibitor GF109203X and could be bypassed by ionophore, ammonia, and thapsigargin, which trigger a receptor-independent Ca2+ surge.

Animals

Presence of leukaemia inhibitory factor and interleukin 6 in porcine uterine secretions prior to conceptus attachment.

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) plays an important role in embryo development and implantation. We detected peak LIF activity in porcine uterine luminal fluids (ULF) at day 12 of gestation and during day 7 and 13 of the oestrous cycle. A radio-receptor competition assay showed the presence of a molecule in ULF specifically binding to human LIF receptor (LIF-R). LIF activity was partially neutralized by anti-human LIF antibody. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity was detected in ULF throughout the oestrous cycle and pre-implantation period. An anti-murine alpha chain (gp80) of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) specifically neutralized this activity. LIF and IL-6 mRNA were only detected in day 11 endometrium. The presence of LIF or IL-6 in the uterine cavity has not been previously reported. Our results extend LIF production by endometrium during the oestrous cycle and pre-implantation period to another mammalian species other than mouse.

Animals

Troubleshooting implantable cardioverter defibrillator system malfunctions: the role of impedance measurements.

High impedance measurements may be used to troubleshoot ICD system malfunction. In four different cases a defective system was identified or confirmed by an abnormal impedance: two secondary to lead fractures, one to an adapter faulty connection, and one to a loose set-screw connection. This led to further diagnostic procedures that ultimately localized the difficulty. Though the problems with ICD may be of diverse origins, routine use of impedance measurement for the troubleshooting of these systems may serve as an early sign of malfunction and would point the need for further investigation.

Aged

Dual-energy x-ray imaging technique for in vitro tissue composition measurement.

A dual-energy in vitro radiographic technique has been developed to study the thickness of tissue and bone within atherosclerotic plaques. Results concerning the accuracy and precision of the thickness measurements using this technique are presented and discussed. Planar radiographs of phantoms were obtained with a low-energy spectrum (45 kVp, no added filtration) and a high-energy spectrum (100 kVp, 2.88-mm copper-added filtration), and then decomposed into bone-equivalent and Lucite basis-material images. Thickness measurements from these images yielded average accuracies of +/- 750 microns for the Lucite images, and +/- 25 microns for the bone-equivalent images. The imprecision (one standard deviation) of the thickness measurements was +/- 192 and +/- 47 microns for the Lucite and the bone-equivalent images, respectively (for thin sections). Although the accuracy and precision of Lucite thickness measurements were not as good as those obtained with other techniques, such as the iodine displacement technique, the accuracy and precision of the bone thickness measurements are shown to be much better. The high accuracy and precision of the bone measurement makes dual energy a very appealing technique for analyzing the physical properties of calcified atherosclerotic plaques in excised arterial specimens.

Absorptiometry, Photon

[Update on menopause].

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Estrogen Replacement Therapy