[A case of IDDM in sixteenth-week pregnancy].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Morita
Publications and source records attributed to M Morita.
Arsenic lipids in the digestive gland of the western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus: an investigation by HPLC ICP-MS.
The digestive gland of the western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, was shown to contain phosphatidylarsenocholine and a phosphatidyldimethylarsinylriboside by HPLC ICP-MS examination of lipid materials rendered water-soluble by hydrolysis. Water-soluble arsenic material in the digestive gland was chiefly arsenobetaine but the deacylated analogue of the phosphatidyldimethylarsinylriboside and an unidentified compound were also present.
Animals↗
Anti-IgM but not anti-IgD antibodies inhibit cell division of normal human mature B cells.
Insolubilized anti-IgD antibody markedly increased DNA synthesis in and cell division of normal peripheral blood B cells (PBL-B) when used in combination with IL-4. Anti-IgM antibodies also induced DNA synthesis of PBL-B, but their ability to induce cell division was less than that of anti-IgD antibodies even when used in combination with IL-4. Moreover, anti-IgM antibodies inhibited cell division of PBL-B stimulated with insolubilized anti-IgD antibody plus IL-4 without affecting DNA synthesis. Anti-IgM antibodies also inhibited Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I-induced cell division of PBL-B without affecting DNA synthesis. These results indicate that cross-linkage of surface IgM (sIgM) in mature B cells generates negative signals to inhibit cell division of mature B cells. Because anti-IgD antibodies did not inhibit cell division at all, the role of sIgD in the regulation of cell division of mature B cells may be quite different from that of sIgM. IFN-alpha/beta promoted cell division of PBL-B stimulated with insolubilized anti-IgD antibody plus IL-4. They also counteracted the inhibitory effect of anti-IgM antibody on cell division of PBL-B.
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
Existence in Escherichia coli of a mechanism that generates 'staggered' head-to-head dimers of plasmid DNA; possible involvement of the Tn3 transposase.
The structures of two plasmids, one found in one of the transformants with putative products of an in vitro DNA rearrangement reaction containing the Tn3 transposase, and another found as a spontaneous tnpA negative derivative of an overproducer of the Tn3 transposase, have been elucidated. They both had shown non-conventional results in restriction enzyme analysis. For the determination of the structures, we used restriction enzyme analysis, denaturation and renaturation experiments, and DNA nucleotide sequencing. The structures turned out to be 'staggered' head-to-head dimers of the original monomer plasmids, containing gigantic inverted repeats separated by two identical spacers which are also in inverted orientations themselves. Two alternative models for the mode of origin of such a structure, a bimolecular model and a unimolecular one, are discussed. The circumstances in which these two plasmids occurred suggest possible involvement of the Tn3 transposase in their generation.
DNA Transposable Elements↗
Influence of preoperative treatment and surgical operation on immune function of patients with esophageal carcinoma.
Multiple immunological parameters, including total lymphocyte count, lymphocyte subpopulations (CD2+, CD19+, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response, and natural killer (NK) activity, were measured in 66 patients with previously untreated esophageal carcinoma. The influence of preoperative treatment and/or surgical operation on the immune function were evaluated in 40 patients. The PHA response and NK activity of the patients with esophageal carcinoma were 229 +/- 103 S.I.% and 18.5 +/- 11.9% lysis, respectively, and were significantly depressed as compared with the control. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio, PHA response, and NK activity in stage IV were also significantly depressed compared to that in stages I-III. Preoperative treatment induced significant reductions in the total lymphocyte count (1,994 +/- 644 to 670 +/- 274/mm3), PHA response (219 +/- 77 to 159 +/- 59 S.I.%), and NK activity (19.7 +/- 13.2 to 11.1 +/- 10.3% lysis) as well as a significant gradual decrease in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio (2.09 +/- 1.42 to 0.69 +/- 0.48), while the surgical operation significantly influenced only the total lymphocyte count. This study demonstrates that preoperative treatment induces a more pronounced influence on the immune function than surgical operation alone, in patients with esophageal carcinoma in which the immune function is disturbed prior to these treatments.
Adult↗
Determination of the resection line in early esophageal cancer using intraoperative endoscopic examination with Lugol staining.
Determination of the resection line using intraoperative endoscopic examination with Lugol staining was performed when preoperative examinations such as an esophagogram could not be effectively carried out and the carcinoma was not palpable from the outer surface of the esophageal wall. During the past two years, we performed this technique on eight patients. The carcinoma was restricted within the epithelium in one, the mucosal layer in five, and the submucosal layer in two. Although intraepithelial carcinoma contiguous to the main lesion was seen in six and cancer multiplicity was evident in two, all of the resected stumps were free of any cancer tissue. There have been no cases of recurrence and a limited operation, such as distal esophagectomy, was able to be performed in six. Therefore, intraoperative endoscopic examination is useful for early esophageal cancer.
Aged↗
Influence of low dissolved oxygen concentration in body fluid on corrosion fatigue behaviors of implant metals.
In their previous study, the authors carried out a fatigue test for AISI 316, 316L stainless steels and COP1 alloy in a living animal body and observed a remarkable deterioration in the fatigue durability of these metals. In that study, it was concluded that the reason the corrosion resistance of the metals was reduced in the living body was that the low concentration of dissolved oxygen gas in the body fluid (the partial pressure pO2; 28-78 mmHg) was insufficient to form the chromium oxide passivation film on the metal surface, and the base metal (iron) was released into the environmental fluid in ionic form. In this paper, with the concentration of dissolved oxygen gas in a physiological normal saline solution being set equivalent to that of living body fluid, fatigue tests on AISI 316 were made to simulate the stress corrosion behavior of the metal in the living body. As a result, remarkable deterioration of fatigue strength was observed in the low O2 concentrated normal saline solution, which was the same as that in the living animal body.
Animals↗
MHC class I restricted T-cell mediated cytotoxicity (CTL) in patients with Crohn's disease.
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Crohn Disease↗
Outlook for a database system in gastroenterology from a health care standpoint.
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Computers↗
Multivariate analysis of postoperative complications after esophageal resection.
To determine the contributing factors for eight postoperative complications after esophagectomy through a right thoracoabdominal approach, a multivariate analysis was carried out on preoperative and intraoperative variables in 141 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. Although postoperative complications occurred in 125 patients, only 7 died of such complications. The multivariate analysis indicated that the retrosternal route was a significant factor predisposing to postoperative atelectasis. Age, preoperative arterial oxygen tension, and volume transfused were significant factors predisposing to postoperative hypoxemia, whereas age, routes other than the intrathoracic route, and volume transfused were significant factors predisposing to prolonged respiratory support. In addition, preoperative total serum bilirubin level and volume transfused were significant factors predisposing to postoperative hyperbilirubinemia; preoperative serum creatinine level was a significant contributing factor for postoperative renal insufficiency; and sex, antesternal route, and substituted colon were significant contributing factors for anastomotic leakage. There were no significant factors predisposing to postoperative pneumonia and liver dysfunction. These significant factors should be taken into consideration not only during perioperative management but also when choosing the operative procedures and extending the surgical indication for esophagectomy through a right thoracoabdominal approach.
Age Factors↗
Effect of long-term insulin deficiency and insulin treatment on the composition of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and triglyceride turnover in rats.
The effect of long-term (4 months) insulin deficiency on triglyceride turnover was examined using Triton WR1339 in rats. Triglyceride secretion rate was estimated in rats 2 weeks and 4 months after induction of diabetes with 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin. By the second week diabetic rats showed prominent hyperglycemia and the plasma insulin level was very low. In spite of a lower triglyceride secretion rate compared to non-diabetic control rats, diabetic rats showed normotriglyceridemia. Thus, the estimated fractional catabolic rate for plasma triglyceride was decreased in the diabetic rats of 2 weeks duration. By the fourth month diabetic rats still showed a suppressed triglyceride secretion rate but plasma triglyceride was markedly higher than in the non-diabetic control rats. Therefore, their estimated fractional catabolic rate for plasma triglyceride was severely suppressed. They also showed hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. The triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles obtained after Triton injection in long-term diabetic rats were significantly cholesterol-enriched and triglyceride-depleted compared to control rats. These changes were already present in 2-week diabetic rats but the magnitude was significantly smaller that those in long-term diabetic rats. All of these abnormalities (including triglyceride turnover and the particle composition) were almost normalized by 2 weeks of insulin treatment (6 units/day). Thus, it was concluded from the present data that duration of insulin deficiency is an important determinant of triglyceride removal rate from the circulation in rats. Further modification of lipid composition of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles by long-term insulin-deficiency could be one of the reasons for this removal defect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Effect of mild diabetes and dietary fructose on very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride turnover in rats.
Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride turnover was examined in mildly streptozotocin (25 mg/kg)-diabetic rats, using Triton WR1339. Diabetic rats fed standard rat chow showed mild hyperglycemia and suppressed levels of plasma insulin. Their triglyceride secretion was significantly suppressed despite an elevated level of plasma free fatty acids. However, the plasma triglyceride level of these diabetic rats was significantly elevated compared with nondiabetic controls. This suggested that the removal of triglyceride from the circulation, as well as its entry into the circulation, was impaired in mildly insulin-deficient rats. Glucose or fructose supplementation (10% in drinking water for 14 days) significantly increased the triglyceride secretion rate of diabetic rats. Especially, fructose supplementation increased plasma insulin to normal levels, but resulted in markedly elevated plasma triglyceride levels (three times higher than glucose-supplemented or chow-fed diabetic rats) despite similar triglyceride secretion rates between the two types of sugar-supplemented diabetic rat groups. This suggested an impairment of triglyceride removal by dietary fructose. The result obtained from chow-fed diabetic rats indicates that mild but significant insulin deficiency resulted in mild hypertriglyceridemia, linked to impaired triglyceride removal rather than to an overproduction of VLDL-triglyceride, despite elevated levels of plasma free fatty acids. Furthermore, fructose feeding induced prominent hypertriglyceridemia not only by stimulating triglyceride secretion, but also by suppressing triglyceride removal from the circulation of mildly diabetic rats.
Animals↗
Selenium and arsenic in biology: their chemical forms and biological functions.
Based on the recent development of analytical methods, sensitive systems for the analysis and speciation of selenium and arsenic have been established. A palladium addition technique was developed for the accurate determination of selenium in biological samples using graphite furnace atomic absorption analysis. For the speciation of the elements, combined methods of HPLC either with ICP-AES or with ICP-MS were found to work well. These systems were applied to the elucidation of the chemical form of the elements in natural samples. Some chemical properties of the selenium-mercury complex in dolphin liver were elucidated: i.e., it was a cationic, water-soluble, low molecular weight compound containing selenium and mercury in a 1:1 molar ratio, and was shown to be different from a known selenium-mercury complex, bis(methylmercuric)selenide. The major selenium compound excreted in human urine was revealed to be other than any of those previously identified (TMSe, selenate, and selenite). TMSe, a suspected major metabolite in urine, was found, if at all, in low levels. The major water-soluble, and lipid-soluble arsenic compounds in a brown seaweed, U. pinnatifida (WAKAME), were rigorously identified, and the results were compared with other data on marine algae and animals. The major organic arsenic compounds (termed "arseno-sugars") in marine algae commonly contain 5-deoxy-5-dimethylarsinyl-ribofuranoside moiety. There are various kinds of arseno-sugar derivatives containing different side-chains attached to the anomeric position of the sugar, and the distribution of each arsenic species seems to be related to algal species. The arseno-sugar (A-XI) is present in every alga so far examined, is metabolized to lipids, and possibly may play some specific role in the algal cells. On the other hand, the major arsenic compound in fish, crustacea and molluscs has been identified as arsenobetaine, which is an arseno-analog of glycinebetaine, a very common osmo-regulator in living organisms. Arsenobetaine is not detected in marine algae while arseno-sugars are not present in marine animals except for some molluscs which contain both compounds in considerable amounts. Arsenobetaine is present in the urine of human beings who have eaten foods derived from marine animals.
Animals↗
Treatment of reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura with azelaic acid. An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.
No successful therapy has been reported for reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura, which is an autosomal dominant dermatosis. We treated a patient with 20% azelaic acid ointment. Within several weeks the pigmentation was remarkably decreased and no side effects were observed. Histologic examination revealed an increased number of dopa-positive melanocytes. These cells reacted strongly to staining with antityrosinase antibody or antityrosinase-related protein antibody. Electron microscopic findings showed many melanosomes within melanocytes, keratinocytes, and melanophages. These findings suggest that the hyperpigmentation of reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura is the result of an excess amount of melanin production caused by activation of melanocytes in the basal layer.
Dermatologic Agents↗
Clinical trial of a lyophilized inactivated hepatitis A candidate vaccine in healthy adult volunteers.
The safety and immunogenicity of a lyophilized inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was tested in healthy adult male volunteers. Thirty-six volunteers, all of whom were negative for antibody to HAV (anti-HAV), were divided into three dosage groups, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 micrograms of viral protein, respectively. Each group received a total course of three intramuscular injections at months 0, 1 and 6. Slight side effects were noted after 16 of 99 injections and the occurrence and degree were almost identical to those of other commercial vaccines. On the other hand, all subjects had measurable titres of serum anti-HAV neutralizing antibodies as early as 2 months after the first injection. The mean values of serum anti-HAV neutralizing antibodies at 7 months in the 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 micrograms dose groups were 64-, 12-, and 9-fold higher, respectively, than those observed at 5 days in five recipients given 7.5 mg kg-1 body weight of immune serum globulin (ISG).
Adolescent↗
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the auricle: an immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic study.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a soft-tissue tumor of late adult life. This tumor is uncommon in the head and neck region. A case of MFH arising in the auricle is presented with immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic findings. Histologically the tumor was characterized by numerous spindle cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and many small capillaries. They were positively stained with vimentin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Electronmicroscopically, some tumor cells contained abundant lysosomes and others contained numerous filaments.
Adult↗
Effect of probucol on recovery from streptozotocin diabetes in rats.
The present study was conducted to see the effect of probucol on streptozotocin diabetes in rats. After 2 weeks of a 1% probucol diet, 35 or 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin were intravenously injected into male Wistar rats. All the rats became diabetic 2 days after treatment. Thereafter, in order to see the effect of probucol on spontaneous recovery from streptozotocin diabetes, 25 mg/kg of streptozotocin was injected into rats after two weeks of probucol diet and the diet was continued for additional two weeks. All the rats with a standard diet (group CS, n = 13) and 12 of 13 rats with probucol diet (group PS) became diabetic 2 days after streptozotocin injection. One rate from group PS did not develop diabetes. Two weeks after injection, only 4 of 13 rats in groups CS showed recovery, while 11 of 12 rats in group PS showed recovery from streptozotocin diabetes (p less than 0.05). The average blood glucose levels in group PS were significantly lower than group CS (10.5 +/- 4.6 vs 18.5 +/- 0.6 mM, p less than 0.05). In addition, the pancreatic insulin content of group PS was 8 times greater than that of group CS (0.75 +/- 0.24 vs 0.09 +/- 0.03 mmol/pancreas, p less than 0.01). Thus, the in vivo diabetogenic action of streptozotocin could not be reduced by pretreatment with probucol. However, recovery from streptozotocin diabetes was induced by subsequent treatment with probucol. The precise mechanisms for this phenomenon were not known; but the present findings suggest the protective effect of probucol on beta-cell damage induced by small dose of streptozotocin.
Animals↗
The antitumor activity of radiation therapy is reduced in patients with non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung refractory to chemotherapy.
Some in vitro studies demonstrate cross-resistance between chemotherapy (CT) and radiation therapy (RT) but there is no in vivo data showing the same effect. Several studies have estimated the response rate to chemotherapy following radiation, but the question of radiation responsiveness in chemotherapy-refractory tumors has not been examined. Between 1982 and 1988, 162 patients with stage IIIA, IIIB and IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) received chemotherapy on various protocols at the National Cancer Center. All were treated until progression or the occurrence of unacceptable toxicity. Forty patients developed local progression on chemotherapy and were given radiation therapy (50 to 60 Gy). Nine responders (22.5%: 95% confidence limit, 9.5-35.5%) were seen in this group, a rate substantially lower than was to be expected with primary radiation treatment. The univariate logistic regression analysis with RT response as the outcome demonstrated that there was significant heterogeneity in response for T and N status between responders and non-responders. Also the odd ratio for radiation dose was strong (OR = 0.20), indicating that a low dose was less likely to produce response although this was not statistically significant. Hematologic toxicity was mild, but 11 patients (27.5%) developed evidence of acute radiation pneumonitis. These results suggest that some chemotherapy-refractory NSCLC may show cross-resistance to radiation therapy which consequently has marginal antitumor activity in this setting.
Adult↗